Veloso Salgado
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José Maria Veloso Salgado (2 April 1864 22 July 1945) was a Galician-born
Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...
artist. He is regarded as one of the country's foremost masters of Naturalism with many distinguished works in
historical painting History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a narrative story, most often (but not exclusively) Greek and Roman mythology and Bible ...
,
landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the ...
s, and
portrait A portrait is a portrait painting, painting, portrait photography, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expressions are predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, Personality type ...
s.


Biography

José Maria Veloso Salgado was born in Galicia (
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
), in Melón (a small town in the province of
Ourense Ourense (; es, Orense ) is a city and capital of the province of Ourense, located in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Camino Sanabrés path of the Way of St ...
, not far from the Portuguese border), where he lived until the age of 10. He was the son of two farmers, José Pérez and Dolores Veloso Rodrigues Salgado. In 1874, his parents sent him to live with his maternal uncle, Miguel Veloso Rodrigues Salgado, who run a lithography workshop (''Litografia Lemos'') in
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
,
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
. Veloso Salgado started working as an apprentice at his uncle's workshop. From 1878 to 1880, he attended evening classes for workers at the School of the Lisbon Academy of Fine Arts, and was approved with distinction. Encouraged by his results, he started attending normal evening classes in 1881 and, in the end of his first year, he won an award of 20-thousand
réis The first official currency of Brazil was the real (pronounced ; pl. ''réis''), with the symbol Rs$. As the currency of the Portuguese empire, it was in use in Brazil from the earliest days of the colonial period, and remained in use until 1942 ...
. He then started daytime classes, where he studied under José Simões de Almeida and José Ferreira Chaves who taught Drawing and Painting, respectively; he achieved top marks in both classes. In 1884, he had presented two works on the 13th exhibition of the Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts (''Sociedade Promotora de Belas Artes''), achieving an honorable mention, and, in 1887, he also participated on the 14th exhibition. In 1887, Veloso Salgado finished his studies with a final grade of 17 out of 20; that same year, he became a naturalized Portuguese citizen. All these achievements allowed him to get a state
scholarship A scholarship is a form of financial aid awarded to students for further education. Generally, scholarships are awarded based on a set of criteria such as academic merit, diversity and inclusion, athletic skill, and financial need. Scholarsh ...
to pursue further studies in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
. In 1888, Veloso Salgado rented an ''atelier'' in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
(in Rue Denfert-Rochereau), which he shared with Artur Melo. It was also here that he befriended sculptor
António Teixeira Lopes António Teixeira Lopes (27 October 1866–21 June 1942) was a Portuguese sculptor. Life Teixeira Lopes was the son of sculptor José Joaquim Teixeira Lopes and started learning his art in his father's workshop. In 1882 he entered the Academ ...
, who had a studio on the same building. Veloso Salgado was accepted to the ''
École des Beaux-Arts École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century ...
'', studying there under
Alexandre Cabanel Alexandre Cabanel (; 28 September 1823 – 23 January 1889) was a French painter. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style. He was also well known as a portrait painter. According to ''Diccionario Enciclopedi ...
,
Benjamin-Constant Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant (also known as Benjamin-Constant), born Jean-Joseph Constant (10 June 1845 – 26 May 1902), was a French painter and etcher best known for his Oriental subjects and portraits. Biography Benjamin-Constant was bo ...
,
Jules-Élie Delaunay Jules-Élie Delaunay (; June 13, 1828 â€“ September 5, 1891) was a French academic painter. Biography He was born at Nantes in the Loire-Atlantique ''département'' of France. Delaunay studied under Flandrin, and at the École des Beaux ...
,
Jean-Paul Laurens Jean-Paul Laurens (; 28 March 1838 – 23 March 1921) was a French painter and sculptor, and one of the last major exponents of the French Academic style. Biography Laurens was born in Fourquevaux and was a pupil of Léon Cogniet and Alexand ...
, and
Fernand Cormon Fernand Cormon (24 December 1845 – 20 March 1924) was a French painter born in Paris. He became a pupil of Alexandre Cabanel, Eugène Fromentin, and Jean-François Portaels, and one of the leading historical painters of modern France. Biograph ...
. Around this time, he contacted with painter
Jules Breton Jules Adolphe Aimé Louis Breton (1 May 1827 – 5 July 1906) was a 19th-century French naturalist painter. His paintings are heavily influenced by the French countryside and his absorption of traditional methods of painting helped make Jules ...
and his daughter and apprentice
Virginie Demont-Breton Virginie Élodie Marie Thérèse Demont-Breton (26 July 1859, Courrières – 10 January 1935, Paris) was a French painter. Biography Her father Jules Breton and her uncle Émile Breton were both well-known painters. Through her father she ...
, as well as her husband,
Adrien Demont Adrien Louis Demont (25 October 1851, Douai - 25 October 1928, Wissant) was a French landscape painter; associated with the artists' colony at Wissant. Biography At first, he studied law, but decided to devote himself to painting. His first ...
, who became a close friend of Veloso Salgado's. He debuted at the ''
Salon Salon may refer to: Common meanings * Beauty salon, a venue for cosmetic treatments * French term for a drawing room, an architectural space in a home * Salon (gathering), a meeting for learning or enjoyment Arts and entertainment * Salon (P ...
'' in 1889. He won a third prize medal at the ''Salon'' with his ''Amor and Psyche'' (1891), the first of his important works, currently at the National Museum of Contemporary Art, in
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
. Meanwhile, he also won a painting contest hosted by the
Lisbon City Hall The Lisbon City Hall ( pt, Paços do Concelho de Lisboa, ) is the seat of the Lisbon municipal government. The building is located in the City Square (''Praça do Município''), Santa Maria Maior, Lisbon. It houses the Lisbon City Council. Bui ...
(1890), and he participated in the 1st Exhibition of the Artistic Guild of Lisbon (''Grémio Artístico de Lisboa''). After his stay in Paris, Veloso Salgado journeyed to
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
before returning to
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
, stopping in
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
, where he studied the primitive painters, made copies of Renaissance works, and painted ''
en plein air ''En plein air'' (; French for 'outdoors'), or ''plein air'' painting, is the act of painting outdoors. This method contrasts with studio painting or academic rules that might create a predetermined look. The theory of 'En plein air' painting ...
''. While in Italy, he made one of his most celebrated works, ''Jesus'' — which was considered ''hors-concours'' in the 1892 ''Salon'' (this painting was lost in 1900 when the ship bringing it back from the '' Exposition Universelle'' sank). In the 1890s, he also participated in the Munich Art Exhibition, and in the '' Exposition Internationale d'Anvers''. The Lisbon Academy of Fine Arts made him an "Academician of Merit". He returned to Lisbon in 1895 and, in December of that year, was made interim professor of History Painting in the School of Fine Arts; two years later he was chosen over Columbano to the post of permanent professor. From this point on, he regularly participated in big artistic exhibition, both national and international, he was commissioned painting by distinguished personalities and institutions, and accumulated awards and distinctions (Officer of the
Order of Saint James of the Sword The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword ( pt, Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada) is a Portuguese order of chivalry. Its full name is the Ancient, Most Noble and Enlightened Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, of the Scientifi ...
in 1896, Knight of the French
Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...
in 1902, member of the
Lisbon Academy of Sciences The Lisbon Academy of Sciences ( pt, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa) is Portugal's national academy dedicated to the advancement of sciences and learning, with the goal of promoting academic progress and prosperity in Portugal. It is one of Po ...
in 1907). Apart from
easel painting An easel is an upright support used for displaying and/or fixing something resting upon it, at an angle of about 20° to the vertical. In particular, easels are traditionally used by painters to support a painting while they work on it, normally ...
, he was also very frequently commissioned to decorate several public buildings and private residences: the Tribunal Room of the Stock Exchange Palace in
Oporto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...
, the Chamber of Deputies in the Palace of Saint Benedict in
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
, the Lisbon Military Museum, the Lisbon Medical School, the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Oporto. Alongside architect
Miguel Ventura Terra Miguel Ventura Terra (1866–1919) was a Portuguese architect. Ventura Terra studied in Porto and later in the École de Beaux-Arts of Paris in the ''atelier'' of Victor Laloux. Upon his return to Portugal, he became a celebrated architect and ...
, he also worked on the decoration of Politeama Theatre, in Lisbon, and the
Lisbon Synagogue The Lisbon Synagogue (formally, the ''Synagogue Shaaré Tikvah''; ) is a historical synagogue situated in the civil parish of Santo António, in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. History There have been Jews in Lisbon at least since the M ...
. In 1901, following an artistic education reform, he started teaching History Painting alongside Columbano. In 1896, he married Vitorina de Silva Mello, goddaughter and protégée of painter José Ferreira Chaves. The marriage produced two offspring: José Miguel Veloso Salgado (born 1896), and Maria Adelina Veloso Salgado (born 1899). When Ferreira Chaves's widow died in 1903, Veloso Salgado inherited most of her assets. Veloso Salgado retired from painting in 1940, at age 76, and died five years later, in 1945.


Gallery

Retrato do Escultor Teixeira Lopes, no seu atelier em Paris, Rue Denfert Rocheraux (1889) - Veloso Salgado (Casa-Museu Teixeira Lopes).png, ''Portrait of sculptor Teixeira Lopes in his atelier in Paris'' (1889), Casa-Museu Teixeira Lopes Vasco da Gama perante o Samorim de Calecute.png, ''Vasco da Gama before the Zamorin of Calicut'' (1898),
Lisbon Geographic Society The Lisbon Geographic Society (Portuguese: ''Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa'') is a Portuguese scientific society created in Lisbon in the year of 1875, aiming to "promote and assist the study and progress of geography and related sciences in Po ...
El-Rei D. Dinis Administrando Justiça (1899) - Veloso Salgado.png, ''King Denis of Portugal Administers Justice'' (1899), Stock Exchange Palace Medicina Portuguesa (c. 1906) - Veloso Salgado (Sala dos Actos, FCM-UNL).png, ''Portuguese Medicine'' (1906), NOVA Medical School O Sufrágio (1913) - Veloso Salgado.png, ''The Suffrage'' (1913),
Pimenta Palace Pimenta Palace (Portuguese: Palácio Pimenta) is an 18th-century Portuguese palace located in Lisbon, Portugal, which hosts the main campus of the Museum of Lisbon. History The palace was constructed by order of King John V of Portugal in the ...
Manuel Fernandes Tomás, Veloso Salgado.png, Detail of ''The Constituent Courts of 1821'' (1921),
Portuguese Parliament The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: ''Assembleia da República'', ), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: ''Parlamento''), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament ...
José Veloso Salgado February 2015-1a.jpg, ''Youth'' (1923), José Malhoa Museum File:A Pátria Coroando os Seus Heróis (1904) - Veloso Salgado (Museu Militar de Lisboa).png, ''The Motherland Crowning its Heroes'' (1904), Military Museum of Lisbon. File:Retrato de Senhora (1917) - Veloso Salgado.png, ''Portrait of a Lady'' (1917) File:Figura feminina no jardim (1917) - Veloso Salgado.png, ''Feminine Figure in the Garden'' (1917) File:A Matemática (1917) - Veloso Salgado (Reitoria da Universidade do Porto).png, ''Math'' (1917), University of Porto. File:As Ciências Físico-Naturais (1917) - Veloso Salgado (Reitoria da Universidade do Porto).png, ''Physical-Natural Sciences'' (1917), University of Porto.


Notes and references


Bibliography

* * {{Authority control 1864 births 1945 deaths Realist painters People from Lisbon 19th-century Portuguese painters Portuguese male painters 19th-century male artists 20th-century Portuguese painters 20th-century male artists Members of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences