Vatteluttu script

''Vatteluttu,'' popularly romanised as ''Vattezhuthu'' ( ta, வட்டெழுத்து, ' and ml, വട്ടെഴുത്ത്, ', ), was a syllabic alphabet of south India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) and Sri Lanka used for writing the Tamil and Malayalam languages.

belonged to the group of Tamil-Malayalam scripts among the Southern Brahmi derivatives. The script was used for centuries in inscriptions and manuscripts of south India.

Etymology

Three possible suggestions for the etymology of the term '' are commonly proposed. ''Eluttu'' (''ezhuthu)'' is literally 'written form' in this context; and affixed here it means 'writing system' or 'script'.

The three suggestions are:

* ''Vatte'' + ''eluttu''; 'rounded script'
* ''Vata'' + ''eluttu''; 'northern script'
* ''Vette'' + ''eluttu''; 'chiseled script'
The script was also known as Tekken-Malayalam or Nana-mona. The name "Nana-mona" is given to it because, at the time when it is taught, the words "namostu" etc. are begun, which are spelt "nana, mona, ittanna, tuva" (that is, "na, mo and tu"), and the alphabet therefore came to be known as the "nana-mona" alphabet.

History

probably started developing from Tamil-Brahmi from around the 4th or 5th century AD. The earliest forms of the script have been traced to memorial stone inscriptions from the 4th century AD. It is distinctly attested in a number of inscriptions in Tamil Nadu from the 6th century AD. By the 7th to 8th centuries, it had developed into a completely separate script from Tamil-Brahmi. Its use is also attested in north-eastern Sri Lankan rock inscriptions, such as those found near Trincomalee, dated to between c. the 5th and 8th centuries AD.

was replaced by the Pallava-Grantha script from the 7th century AD in the Pallava court. From the 11th century AD onwards the Tamil script displaced the Pallava-Grantha as the principal script for writing Tamil. In what is now Kerala, continued for a much longer period than in Tamil Nadu by incorporating characters from Pallava-Grantha to represent Sanskrit loan words in early Malayalam. Early Malayalam inscriptions (c. 9th and 12th century AD) are composed mostly in .Veluthat, Kesavan. "History and Historiography in Constituting a Region: The Case of Kerala." ''Studies in People’s History'', vol. 5, no. 1, June 2018, pp. 13–31. The script went on evolving in Kerala during this period and from c. the 12th century onwards.

Replacement

* gradually developed into a script known as " Koleluttu" in Kerala. This script was more commonly used in north Kerala. It continued in use among certain Kerala communities, especially Muslims and Christians, even after the 16th century and up to the 19th century AD.
*Another script derived from was the "Malayayma" or "Malayanma". This script was more commonly used in southern Kerala. The script is not, however, the one that is ancestral to the modern Malayalam script.
*The modern Malayalam script, a modified form of the Pallava-Grantha script, later replaced for writing the Malayalam language.

Letters

The script continuously went on evolving during its period of existence (in such a way that the date of a record may be fixed approximately by reference to the script alone).
* Last quarter of the 8th century – the difference between two similar letters, such as for instance between 'p' and 'v'; and 'ṅ' and 'l' etc., was very markedly shown.
* A few centuries later – difficult to distinguish between 'k' and 'c', 'ṅ' and 'l', 'p' and 'v' and so on.
* 17th-18 centuries – letters 'p', 'v', 'y', and 'n' and sometimes 'l' also, are alike.

File:8th Century Grantha and Vatteluttu Scripts Velvikudi Grant in Sanskrit and Tamil, with labels.jpg, Velvikudi Grant (8th century AD, Tamil)
File:Quilon Syrian copper plates (849 CE) plates 1 and 4.jpg, Quilon Plates (9th century AD, Malayalam)
File:Jewish copper plates of Cochin - (plate I, side I) (early 11th century AD).jpg, Jewish Plates (11th century AD, Malayalam)

See also

* Tamil script
* Pallava script
* Malayalam script

References

External links

Tamil Nadu Government: Archaeology Department

{{Kawi family

Linguistic history of India
Brahmic scripts
Tamil language

Malayalam language
Javanese language