Vacuum fryer
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A vacuum fryer is a
deep-frying Deep frying (also referred to as deep fat frying) is a cooking method in which food is submerged in hot fat, traditionally lard but today most commonly oil, as opposed to the shallow oil used in conventional frying done in a frying pan. Normal ...
device housed inside a
vacuum A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective ''vacuus'' for "vacant" or " void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often ...
chamber. Vacuum fryers are fit to process low-quality
potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Uni ...
es that contain higher sugar levels than normal, as they frequently have to be processed in spring and early summer before the potatoes from the new harvest become available. With vacuum frying it is easier to maintain natural colors and flavours of the finished product. Due to the lower
temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measurement, measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various Conversion of units of temperature, temp ...
s applied (approximately ), the formation of suspected
carcinogen A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis (the formation of cancer). This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Several radioactive subs ...
acrylamide Acrylamide (or acrylic amide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHC(O)NH2. It is a white odorless solid, soluble in water and several organic solvents. From the chemistry perspective, acrylamide is a vinyl-substituted primary ...
is significantly lower than in standard atmospheric fryers, where the frying temperature is approximately . The
fat In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food. The term often refers specifically to triglycerides (triple est ...
absorption of the products is also reported to be lower than in atmospheric fryers. In South East Asia (mainly
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
,
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
, China and
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
) batch type vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit chips. However, these machines are only appropriate for relatively small production companies.


Working principle

Vacuum fryer works on the principle of simple physics that as the pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure the boiling point of the water also reduces below 100 degree Celsius. All vacuum fryer are designed to achieve these goal so that heat sensitive foods can be fried at lower than 100 degree celsius which would otherwise have burned in normal deep frying process.


Continuous vacuum fryers

For larger production quantities, continuous vacuum fryers are available. In these installations, the
vacuum A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective ''vacuus'' for "vacant" or " void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often ...
frying pan A frying pan, frypan, or skillet is a flat-bottomed pan used for frying, searing, and browning foods. It is typically in diameter with relatively low sides that flare outwards, a long handle, and no lid. Larger pans may have a small grab han ...
is installed in a stainless steel vacuum tube. The infeed of the raw product is carried out through a rotary
airlock An airlock, air-lock or air lock, often abbreviated to just lock, is a compartment with doors which can be sealed against pressure which permits the passage of people and objects between environments of differing pressure or atmospheric compo ...
. Depending on the application, the frying pan itself is designed to meet the different product specifications. A transport belt takes the finished product out of the fryer and towards the outfeed system. A lock chamber at the exit of the vacuum tube prevents air from entering the vacuum zone, and a belt system takes the product from one zone to another. The vacuum is created by
vacuum pump A vacuum pump is a device that draws gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The job of a vacuum pump is to generate a relative vacuum within a capacity. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto ...
s, and the whole system is controlled by a programmable logic controller. In batch fryers, the frying oil has to be replaced quite often as it is sensitive to temperature changes. Continuous vacuum fryers lead to a longer lifetime of the frying oil and therefore lower the production costs. Vacuum fryers can also reduce oil content in fried foods. The amount of reduced oil content, usually 1–3%, depends on the type of vacuum fryer.Journal of Food Engineering Volume 55, Issue 2, November 2002, Pages 181-191, "Vacuum frying of potato chips" By Jagoba Garayo & Rosana Moreira, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station - TX - 77843-2117, USA Received 31 October 2001, Accepted 5 February 2002, Available online 12 March 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00062-6


See also

*
List of cooking appliances This is a list of cooking appliances that are used for cooking foods. Cooking appliances * Air fryer * Bachelor griller * Barbecue grill * Beehive oven * Brasero (heater) * Brazier * Bread machine * Burjiko * Butane torch * Chapati m ...
*
List of deep fried foods This is a list of deep fried foods and dishes. Deep frying is a cooking method in which food is submerged in hot fat, such as cooking oil. This is normally performed with a deep fryer or chip pan, and industrially, a pressure fryer or vacuum ...


References


External links

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Further reading

* {{cite book, last1=Henry C. Dethloff, Stephen W. Searcy, title=Engineering Agriculture at Texas A&M: The First Hundred Years, date=2015, isbn=978-1623492892, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnJ8BgAAQBAJ, access-date=8 December 2016 Food industry Food technology Cooking appliances