According to UNESCO (2013),World Braille Usage
UNESCO, 2013 there are different

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille disp ...

alphabets for

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' Bharati Braille Bharati braille ( ), or Bharatiya Braille ( hi, भारती ब्रेल ' "Indian braille"), is a largely unified braille script for writing the languages of India. When India gained independence, eleven braille scripts were in use, in d ...

, while the Pakistani alphabet is based on

Persian Braille Persian Braille ( Persian: بریل فارسی) is the braille alphabet for the Persian language. It is largely compatible with Arabic Braille, which may be found (in uncontracted form) within Persian Braille texts. There are a few additional Per ...

Differences from Persian and Bharati Braille

Besides the addition of Urdu-specific consonants analogous to the additional letters in the print Urdu alphabet compared to the Persian alphabet, Pakistani Urdu Braille differs from Persian Braille in the transcription of the print letter ''ž'', which is written as a digraph in Urdu braille rather than as Persian , which in Urdu is used for ''ḍ''. Indian Urdu Braille differs from other Bharati braille alphabets in having several letters borrowed from Persian, such as for ''q'' (Bharati ''kṣ''), for ''ḥ'' (Bharati ''jñ''), and for ''‘'' (Bharati ''ḻ''). Another such letter, for ''x'', is shared with

Gurmukhi Braille Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the Bharati braille alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Bharati alphabets.

ਖ਼ ''x'' but with no other Bharati alphabet, where is otherwise the vowel ''o''.

Alphabets

:''Note: It is not clear if these are written right-to-left or left-to-right. The directionality of some of the digraphs may have gotten confused.'' It is not clear if vowels in Indian Urdu Braille follow pronunciation and their Devanagari Braille equivalents, or print orthography.

Contractions

Pakistani Urdu Braille has several contractions beyond the aspirated consonants: : , , ,A duplication in the UNESCO reference, presumably an error. may be instead, in which case is probably also a mistake for . It appears that UNESCO got the letters backwards for several of the contractions. , , , , , , .Written ''hamza–alif'', but labeled ''alif–hamza''.

Punctuation

Basic punctuation in Pakistan is the same as in India. See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.

References

{{Urdu topics French-ordered braille alphabets Bharati braille alphabets Urdu Arabic braille

Differences from Persian and Bharati Braille

Alphabets

Contractions

Punctuation

See also

References