Urasenke

is one of the main schools of Japanese tea ceremony. Along with and , it is one of the three lines of the family descending from , which together are known as the - or the "three houses/families" ().

The name , literally meaning "rear house/family", came into existence due to the location of the homestead of this line of the family in relation to what was originally the frontmost house (the ) of the estate. The other main schools of Japanese tea ceremony, and , also follow this naming convention, with the former meaning "front house/family", and the latter derived from the street name of the family's homestead, .

History

The three houses derive from descendants of , who was active during the period and is the most historically important figure within Japanese tea ceremony.

's hometown was , in the province of (in present-day Osaka prefecture). However, as his activities became centered in Kyoto, he kept a house in Kyoto. He also had his adopted son-in-law, , who was married to his daughter , move from to Kyoto, leaving his natural son, , to tend the family home and business in . This represents the origin of the two branches of the family () referred to as the and .

The , headed by , eventually settled in a house located on Street, in the neighborhood of temple; the house and property representing the original estate in Kyoto. Following the death of , both of the and of the , inevitably caught up in the wrath of which had been the reason for 's self-immolation, were in danger of also losing their lives, and so, to protect their homes and families, they went into hiding. After a number of months, however, both were able to return home.

, still living in , left no successors to carry on the , however, upon returning home to Kyoto, already had a son born of himself and , to succeed him as head of the .

had five offspring: the elder two, (?-1652) and (1605-1676), were his sons born of his first wife, . However, following her death, remarried, having two sons ( (1613-1672) and (1622-1697)) and a daughter (, dates unknown) by his second wife. His first and second sons, and , began living independently when they were young men, with his fourth son, , also leaving the family as a young man to train as an apprentice under a local doctor named . Due to the untimely death of , however, returned home in 1645, and thereafter, with his father 's support, trained as a expert, similarly to his older brother, , the heir to the family.

Around the year 1646, when was roughly 68 years old, he gave up his headship of the family to , and moved into quarters which had been built at the rear of the house, including a tiny tea hut known as the . 's retirement quarters became 's home base, with eventually becoming heir to the property.

found employment for his eldest son, , with the clan of the domain, but soon quit his position with the , leading to disinheriting 's second son, , had in contrast been adopted by the family in Kyoto, known for specialising in lacquerware under their business name of . During this period, went by the name . In his later life, however, returned to the family, establishing a tea room named "" at his residence on street, and retrained as a expert. With this, the direct descendants of branched into the three lines of both the family and schools of tea ceremony known as the today.

Before the Meiji Restoration (1868), the heads of the three families served as magistrates under various , receiving a yearly stipend from them as payment for their respective services. , fourth son of the family and leader of the branch that would eventually be known as the , served the clan of . In generations following this, the head of the family also served as a magistrate for the clan of the domain (present day Prefecture), as well as serving as caretaker to the clan's Kyoto residence. The head of the eleventh generation of the family, (1810–77), born as the fifth son of a minor named of the domain, married into the family, whilst also serving the branch of the Tokugawa family. However, following the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, the lost their positions, and the hereditary stipends which the three families had been receiving came to an end. It was after this, and the loss of their positions serving the , that the families established their system.

The entire historical estate, located in the ward of Kyoto, is referred to by the name of its representative tea room, the .

Headmasters ()

All three major schools of Japanese tea ceremony share their first three generations of headmasters, known as the . is their mutual first generation and family founder (), with his adopted son-in-law, as their shared second generation , and 's son, , as their shared third generation .

From the fourth generation onwards, the three family lineages divide, with the heads of each family carrying the professional hereditary name used by the successive heads of their respective family. Upon succession to the position of of the family and its school of , the new assumes the professional name of , and is officially referred to as . The current head of the school of tea is , the 16th generation of the family, and is referred to as XVI.

Urasenke Foundation

The Urasenke Foundation () is an incorporated foundation originally registered by the Japanese government in 1949, during the era of the 14th generation grand master of . Its stated purpose is to preserve and foster the cultural heritage of , with its activities including the maintenance and management of the estate and cultural assets, and the support of research and public education regarding the study of tea ceremony.

Its administrative office, together with that of the Federation, is located within the five story Center building located a short distance west of the historical compound.

Center

Research Center

Library

Branches

The Urasenke Tokyo Branch () was originally established in 1957 in Tokyo's ward, moving to its present quarters in the section of Tokyo's ward in 1995. This facility serves as the hub of the activities sponsored by the head house in Japan's capital. Various training courses and special events held at are also held here, for the convenience of participants living in Eastern Japan. The main building contains replicas of the and tea rooms at . The Tokyo Branch is the only branch in Japan.

From the mid-1960s onwards, XV () began to dispatch qualified instructors to live overseas and, operating out of Foundation branch offices or liaison offices, to teach the growing numbers of individuals who desired to pursue the practice of . The dates and places to which the teachers were dispatched and thus an branch or liaison office was established were as follows:

* 1966, September. Hawaii (Honolulu), and Boston
* 1967, September. New York
* 1969, August. Rome, Italy
* 1972, June. Munich, Germany, when donated a tea house named
* 1973, February. Mexico (Mexico City)
* 1973, August. Hilo, Hawaii
* 1974, March. Brisbane (liaison office), Australia
* 1974, November. Peru (Lima)
* 1976, April. London, England; Düsseldorf, Germany; and Paris, France
* 1976, August. Brazil (São Paulo)
* 1980, December. San Francisco, California
* 1981, February. Seattle, Washington
* 1986, May. Schwarzwald (liaison office; became Freiburg liaison office in 1997, April), Germany
* 1991, March. Moscow (liaison office), Russia
* 1991, May. Beijing (liaison office; became branch in 1993), China
* 1992, August. Tianjin (liaison office), China
* 1993, April. Vancouver (liaison office; became branch in 1994), Canada
* 1993, August. Sydney, Australia
* 1994, September. Washington D.C.
* 1997, April. Netherlands (liaison office)

Independently registered Foundation corporations

The Urasenke Foundation of Hawaii, headquartered at the Hawaii Branch, was established as a USA registered non-profit corporation in 1976

The Urasenke Tea Ceremony Society, Inc, headquartered at the Center, was established as a USA registered non-profit corporation in 1981, when the New York Branch moved into the newly opened Center, located at 153 East 69th St. in New York.

The Foundation of California, headquartered at the San Francisco Branch, was founded as a USA registered non-profit organization in 1994. It is generally known as Foundation San Francisco.

Urasenke Tankōkai

The Urasenke Tankōkai (裏千家淡交会) is the membership organization for Urasenke teachers and students. It was initiated in 1940 by the fourteenth-generation head of Urasenke, Tantansai (1893-1964), with the aim of unifying and encouraging the practitioners of Urasenke chadō. In 1953, it was registered by the Ministry of Education and Culture as a not-for-profit incorporated association (''shadan hōjin''). It is now registered as a not-for-profit general incorporated association (''ippan shadan hōjin''). Its official registered name, as such, is Ippan Shadan Hōjin Chadō Urasenke Tankōkai (一般社団法人茶道裏千家淡交会). In English, it is referred to as the Urasenke Tankōkai Federation. Its stated aims are to ensure the standardization of the Urasenke chanoyu rules and tea-making procedures (''temae''), support research, encourage cooperation and exchange among all members, promote the practice of the principles laid down by the grand master, and expand the chadō population around the world. Also, it provides support for the purposes and activities of the Urasenke Foundation.

In Japan, the organization is divided into seventeen districts comprising 165 chapters (''shibu'') and 2 sub-chapters (''shisho''). Each district has a liaison council for the Gakkō Chadō (Tea Training in the Educational System) program sponsored by the organization. There are also 167 groups belonging to the organization's Seinenbu, or "Youth Division." These three entities organize seminars, tea gatherings, conventions, and many other activities. The central office, serving to coordinate the programs and activities of all these, is located in the Urasenke Center building at Urasenke headquarters, Kyoto. Twice a year, in the spring and autumn, it calls together a national meeting of chapter presidents, to decide upon general policies and activities. In 1999, the International Division of the Urasenke Foundation was moved under the umbrella of this office, effectively extending the organization to overseas regions. Currently there are 92 official Chadō Urasenke Tankōkai associations spread over 37 countries outside Japan.

Gakkō Chadō

Seinenbu

The Urasenke Tankōkai Seinenbu (裏千家淡交会青年部), or Urasenke Tankōkai Youth Division, is an organization for Urasenke chadō enthusiasts under the age of fifty. It was initiated in 1950 by the then Urasenke 15th-generation iemoto-to-be, Sen Sōkō, aiming to muster the combined power of Urasenke's youths toward rebuilding the war-torn nation. Its creed is "Train (修練) in order to better oneself; Serve (奉仕) your community; Friendship (友情) toward the world and among members." At first, the organization was called Seinenkai. This name was changed to Seinenbu in 1963. The organization's first chapters were established in Kure and Hiroshima in May, 1950. In 1966, the organization held its first National Convention, at the Kyoto International Conference Hall, at which there were over 2,200 attendees. In 1974, the organization's first chartered Urasenke Youth Ship (裏千家青年の船) friendship mission, with 418 participants, sailed to Okinawa and Hong Kong.

Urasenke Gakuen

The Urasenke Gakuen Chadō Senmon Gakkō (裏千家学園茶道専門学校), or "Urasenke Gakuen Professional College of Chadō," is generally known as the Urasenke Gakuen. It is located on the same neighborhood block as the Urasenke home in Kyoto, and is the only accredited school in Japan specializing in chadō education. It had its start in 1962, as the Urasenke Chadō Kenshūjō (裏千家茶道研修所), or "Urasenke Chadō Training Institute," run by Urasenke's incorporated foundation, Zaidan Hōjin Konnichian (known in English as the Urasenke Foundation). In 1971, its name was changed to "Urasenke Gakuen," and in 1976, its name was changed again, to "Urasenke Gakuen Chadō Senmon Gakkō." In 1983, it had its new start as a registered educational foundation (学校法人), and was formally accredited as a professional college by the Ministry of Education.

The number one characteristic of this professional college is that it is a chadō training center directly connected to the Urasenke Iemoto. The current Chairman of the Urasenke Gakuen Educational Foundation, and Principal of the Urasenke Gakuen Professional College, is Masako Sen, who is the wife of Urasenke Iemoto Sōshitsu Sen XVI.

In addition to its regular three-year course, which is referred to as the ''chadō-ka'' (茶道科) and provides a basic, comprehensive chadō education, it also has a separate one-year course and a graduate course referred to as the ''kenkyūka'' (研究科, "research course").

Furthermore, the Urasenke Gakuen has a non-Japanese students division called the "Midorikai" (lit., "green group"). The Midorikai study program is an intensive one-year program in which the students are provided with lectures and other instruction in English.

Urasenke in popular culture

* The Choose Your Own Adventure book: ''Mystery of Ura Senke'' (nº 44), by Shannon Gilligan, deals with the theft of one of the Urasenke school's most famous tea ceremony bowls, worth millions of yen on the black market. The protagonist and their friend Kenichi Doi, whose older brother Takashi is an Urasenke school apprentice, start investigating the case.

References

"SEN Soshitsu XVI, Iemoto"
in Urasenke website.


in Urasenke website.


in Urasenke website.
* Urasenke Chadō Textbook. Supervising Eds., Genshitsu Sen and Sōshitsu Sen (Kyoto, Tankosha Publishing Co., 2011).

External links

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Chadō