The 1910 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...

's term. The

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

Taft contended with major factional splits within his

Republican Party Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party. Republican Party may also refer to: Africa * Republican Party (Liberia) *Republican Party ...

. Instead of using his position as president to bridge compromise, Taft alienated the progressive wing of the party, which had championed his predecessor,

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...

. While conservatives controlled the largest number of elected positions for Republicans, progressive politics had been what brought many voters to the polls. The clash of these units of the Republican Party, combined with the message of unity from the Democratic Party, was enough to allow the Democrats to take control of the House, ending 16 years in opposition. This was the first time that the

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of ...

won a seat.

Issues

Protection was the ideological cement holding the Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for their crops to farmers. Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battleground. The great battle over the high

Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 (ch. 6, 36 Stat. 11), named for Representative Sereno E. Payne (R– NY) and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich (R– RI), began in the United States House of Representatives as a bill raising certain tariffs on g ...

in 1910 ripped the Republicans apart and set up the realignment in favor of the Democrats.

Election summaries

Election dates

In 1910, two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early: * September 6,

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provin ...

* September 12,

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and nor ...

Two newly admitted states held elections late: New Mexico and Arizona held their first elections in 1911.

Special elections

, - ! , - ! , - ! , Samuel Louis Gilmore , , Democratic , 1909 , , Incumbent died July 18, 1910.
New member

elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...

November 8, 1910.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to the next term, see below. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles Q. Tirrell , , Republican ,

1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...

, , Incumbent died July 31, 1910.
New member

November 8, 1910.
Democratic gain.
Winner lost election to the next term, see below. , nowrap , , - ! , - ! ,

Walter P. Brownlow Walter Preston Brownlow (March 27, 1851 – July 8, 1910) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's 1st district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1897 until his death in 1910. He is remembered for obtaining large federa ...

, , Republican ,

1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that ...

, , Incumbent died July 8, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - !

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

, - ! , Thomas R. Hamer , , Republican , 1908 , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap ,

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

, - ! ,

George P. Lawrence George Pelton Lawrence (May 19, 1859 – November 21, 1917) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. Early life and education Born in Adams, Massachusetts, Lawrence was the son of Dr. George C. Lawrence an ...

, , Republican , 1897 (special) , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Frederick H. Gillett , , Republican ,

1892 Events January–March * January 1 – Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States. * February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado. * February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies fo ...

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles G. Washburn , , Republican , 1906 (special) , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , colspan="3" , Vacant , , Incumbent died July 31, 1910.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Butler Ames Butler Ames (August 22, 1871 – November 6, 1954) was an American politician, engineer, soldier and businessman. He was the son of Adelbert Ames and grandson of Benjamin Franklin Butler, both decorated generals in the Union Army during the Ame ...

, , Republican ,

1902 Events January * January 1 ** The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world' ...

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Augustus Peabody Gardner Augustus Peabody Gardner (November 5, 1865 – January 14, 1918) was an American military officer and Republican Party politician from Massachusetts. He represented the North Shore region in the Massachusetts Senate and United States House of Re ...

, , Republican , 1902 (special) , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Ernest W. Roberts Ernest William Roberts (November 22, 1858 – February 27, 1924) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in East Madison, Maine, Roberts attended the public schools in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He was graduated from Highland Milit ...

, , Republican ,

1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Samuel W. McCall Samuel Walker McCall (February 28, 1851 – November 4, 1923) was a Republican lawyer, politician, and writer from Massachusetts. He was for twenty years (1893–1913) a member of the United States House of Representatives, and the 47th Govern ...

, , Republican ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , John A. Keliher , , Democratic ,

, , Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , Joseph F. O'Connell , , Democratic , 1906 , , Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Andrew James Peters Andrew James Peters (April 3, 1872 – June 26, 1938) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives and was the 42nd Mayor of Boston. Early years Peters was born on April 3, 1872, in Jamaica Plain, a neigh ...

, , Democratic , 1906 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , John W. Weeks , , Republican ,

1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal ''CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library syst ...

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

William S. Greene William Stedman Greene (April 28, 1841 – September 22, 1924) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. Biography William S. Greene was born in Tremont, Illinois on April 28, 1841. He moved with his parents to Fall River, Massachu ...

, , Republican , 1898 (special) , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Eugene Foss Eugene Noble Foss (September 24, 1858 – September 13, 1939) was an American politician and manufacturer from Massachusetts. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives and served as a three-term governor of Massachusetts. E ...

, , Democratic , 1910 (special) , , Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Massachusetts.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap ,

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

, - ! ,

Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. Ezekiel Samuel Candler Jr. (January 18, 1862 – December 18, 1944) was a United States representative from Mississippi. He was the nephew of Milton A. Candler and cousin of Allen Daniel Candler. He was born in Belleville, Florida. Later, he mo ...

, , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Thomas Spight Thomas Spight (October 25, 1841 – January 5, 1924) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Born near Ripley, Mississippi, Spight attended the common schools, Ripley Academy, Purdy (Tennessee) College, and the La Grange (Tennessee) Synodi ...

, , Democratic , 1898 (special) , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Benjamin G. Humphreys II Benjamin Grubb Humphreys II (August 17, 1865 – October 16, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. He was known by his constituents as "Our Ben." Early life Benjamin Grubb Humphreys II was born on August 17, 1865, in Claiborne Coun ...

, , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Thomas U. Sisson Thomas Upton Sisson (September 22, 1869 – September 26, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Biography Early life Thomas U. Sisson was born on September 22, 1869 near McCool, Attala County, Mississippi. He moved with his father ...

, , Democratic , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Adam M. Byrd , , Democratic ,

, , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Eaton J. Bowers Eaton Jackson Bowers (June 17, 1865 – October 26, 1939) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Born in Canton, Mississippi, Bowers attended the public schools, and Mississippi Military Institute at Pass Christian. He studied law and gain ...

, , Democratic ,

, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,

William A. Dickson William Alexander Dickson (July 20, 1861 – February 25, 1940) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Born in Centreville, Mississippi, Dickson attended private and public schools, Pleasant Grove School, Centenary College, Jackson, Louisi ...

, , Democratic , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

James Collier James William Collier (September 28, 1872 – September 28, 1933) was a politician from the U.S. state of Mississippi. Born on the Glenwood Plantation near Vicksburg in 1872, he graduated from the University of Mississippi at Oxford in 1894 ...

, , Democratic , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,

Missouri

Montana

, - ! ,

Charles N. Pray Charles Nelson Pray (April 6, 1868 – September 12, 1963) was a United States representative from Montana and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana. Education and career Born on April 6, ...

, , Republican , 1906 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,

Nebraska

, - ! ,

John A. Maguire John Arthur Maguire (November 29, 1870 – July 1, 1939) was an American Democratic Party politician. He was born near Elizabeth, Illinois on November 29, 1870, and moved to the Dakota Territory in 1882 with his parents settling near what is ...

, , Democratic , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Gilbert Hitchcock Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (September 18, 1859February 3, 1934) was an American congressman and U.S. Senator from Nebraska, and the founder of the ''Omaha World-Herald'' newspaper. Life and career Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Hitchcock was the son o ...

, , Democratic , 1906 , , Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , James P. Latta , , Democratic , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Edmund H. Hinshaw Edmund Howard Hinshaw (December 8, 1860 – June 15, 1932) was an American Republican Party politician. Born in Greensboro, Indiana on December 8, 1860, he graduated from Butler College in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1885. He moved to Fairbury, ...

, , Republican ,

, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,

George W. Norris George William Norris (July 11, 1861September 2, 1944) was an American politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. He served five terms in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican, from 1903 until ...

, , Republican ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Moses Kinkaid Moses Pierce Kinkaid (January 24, 1856 – July 6, 1922) was an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Nebraska. He was the sponsor of the 1904 Kinkaid Land Act, which allowed homeste ...

, , Republican ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

, - ! rowspan=2 ,
,

Louis B. Hanna Louis Benjamin Hanna (August 9, 1861 – April 23, 1948) was an American businessman, banker, and North Dakota Republican Party politician, who served in the North Dakota House of Representatives and as the 11th Governor of North Dakota. Biograp ...

, , Republican , nowrap , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap rowspan=2 , , - ,

Asle Gronna Asle Jorgenson Gronna (December 10, 1858May 4, 1922) was an American politician who served in the House of Representatives and Senate from North Dakota, and one of the six to vote against the United States declaration of war leading to the First W ...

, , Republican , nowrap ,

, , Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Ohio

Oklahoma

, - ! , Bird S. McGuire , ,

1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 11 – The French warship ''Jean Bart'' sinks off the coast of Morocco ...

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Dick T. Morgan , , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Charles E. Creager Charles Edward Creager (April 28, 1873 – January 11, 1964) was an American newspaper publisher and editor and a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma. Biography Born in Montgomery County, Ohio near Dayton, Creager was the son of William Otterbein ...

, , 1908 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Charles D. Carter Charles David Carter (August 16, 1868 in Chickasaw – April 9, 1929) was a Native American politician elected as U.S. Representative from Oklahoma, serving from 1907 to 1927. During this period, he also served as Mining Trustee for Indian Terri ...

, ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Scott Ferris , ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,

Oregon

, - ! ,

Willis C. Hawley Willis Chatman Hawley (May 5, 1864 – July 24, 1941) was an American politician and educator in the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he would serve as president of Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, where he earned his undergraduate ...

, , Republican , 1906 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , William R. Ellis , , Republican , 1906 , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap ,

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

, - ! rowspan=2 ,
,

Charles H. Burke Charles Henry Burke (April 1, 1861 – April 7, 1944) was a Republican Congressman from South Dakota and Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the 1920s. Biography He was born near Batavia, New York, in 1861, and attended the public s ...

, , Republican , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , rowspan=2 nowrap , , - ,

Eben Martin Eben Wever Martin (April 12, 1855 – May 22, 1932) was an American attorney and politician in South Dakota. A Republican, he was most notable for his service as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Early life and education M ...

, , Republican , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee

, - ! ,

Zachary D. Massey Zachary David Massey (November 14, 1864 – July 13, 1923) was an American politician and physician who represented Tennessee's 1st congressional district in 1910 and 1911. Early life Massey was born on November 14, 1864 in Marshall, North Caro ...

, , Republican , 1910 (special) , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - ! , Richard W. Austin , , Republican , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

John A. Moon John Austin Moon (April 22, 1855 – June 26, 1921) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd congressional district of Tennessee. Biography Born on April 22, 1855, near Charlottesville, ...

, , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Cordell Hull Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871July 23, 1955) was an American politician from Tennessee and the longest-serving U.S. Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ...

, , Democratic , 1906 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

William C. Houston William Cannon Houston (March 17, 1852 – August 30, 1931) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 5th congressional district of Tennessee. Biography Born in Shelbyville, Tennessee in B ...

, , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Jo Byrns , , Democratic , 1908 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Lemuel P. Padgett Lemuel Phillips Padgett (November 28, 1855 – August 2, 1922) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 7th congressional district of Tennessee. Biography Born in Columbia, Tennessee, i ...

, , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Thetus W. Sims , , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Finis J. Garrett Finis James Garrett (August 26, 1875 – May 25, 1956) was a United States representative from Tennessee and a Chief Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. Education and career Born on August 26, 1875, near Ore Springs, ...

, , Democratic ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , George Gordon , , Democratic , 1906 , Incumbent re-elected. ,

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

, - ! , William P. Hubbard , , Republican , 1906 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , George C. Sturgiss , , Republican , 1906 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Joseph H. Gaines , , Republican ,

, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,

Harry C. Woodyard Harry Chapman Woodyard (November 13, 1867 – June 21, 1929) was a Republican politician from West Virginia who served as a United States representative. Congressman Woodyard was born in Spencer, West Virginia, in Roane County. He served as a ...

, , Republican ,

, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,

James A. Hughes James Anthony Hughes (February 27, 1861March 2, 1930) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of West Virginia. Hughes was born near Corunna in the Province of Canada (in what is now Ontario). He immig ...

, , Republican ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,

Wisconsin

Wyoming

, - ! , Frank W. Mondell , , Republican ,

, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,

Non-voting delegates

Alaska Territory

Alaska Territory elected its non-voting delegate August 9, 1910.

Arizona Territory

Arizona Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.

New Mexico Territory

New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.

Notes

References

Bibliography

* Baker, John D. “The Character of the Congressional Revolution of 1910.” ''Journal of American History'' 60#3 (1973), pp. 679–691
online
on the revolt against Cannon * Coletta, Paolo E. ''The Presidency of William Howard Taft'' (1973) pp 101–120. * * Gould, Lewis L. ''The William Howard Taft Presidency'' (2009) pp 107–120. * Hechler, Ken. ''Insurgency; personalities and politics of the Taft era'' (1964
online
* * * Rubin, Ruth Bloch. "Organizing for Insurgency: Intraparty Organization and the Development of the House Insurgency, 1908–1910." ''Studies in American Political Development'' 27.2 (2013): 86-11
online
* Solvick, Stanley D. "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 50.3 (1963): 424-44
online

External links

* *
Office of the Historian
(Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives) {{1910 United States elections