United Nations Security Council resolution 1237, adopted unanimously on 7 May 1999, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

, particularly resolutions

864 __NOTOC__ Year 864 ( DCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis II (the Younger) marches with a Frankish army ag ...

(1993),

1127 Year 1127 ( MCXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 2 – Charles I (the Good), count of Flanders, is murdered; he leaves no chil ...

(1997), 1173 (1998) and

1229 Year 1229 ( MCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Sixth Crusade * February 18 – Treaty of Jaffa: Emperor Frederick II signs a 10-year truce ...

(1999), the council established expert panels to investigate violations of measures imposed against

UNITA The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( pt, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the Popular Movement for ...

. In the preamble of the resolution, the security council reaffirmed that the primary cause of the crisis in Angola was due to the failure of UNITA, under the leadership of

Jonas Savimbi Jonas Malheiro Savimbi (; 3 August 1934 – 22 February 2002) was an Angolan revolutionary politician and rebel military leader who founded and led the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). UNITA waged a guerrilla war agai ...

, to comply with its obligations under the Accordos de Paz,

Lusaka Protocol The Lusaka Protocol, initialed in Lusaka, Zambia on October 31, 1994, attempted to end the Angolan Civil War by integrating and disarming UNITA and starting national reconciliation. Both sides signed a truce as part of the protocol on November 15 ...

and relevant security council resolutions. There was concern about the impact on the population and the provision of military assistance, including

mercenaries A mercenary, sometimes also known as a soldier of fortune or hired gun, is a private individual, particularly a soldier, that joins a military conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any o ...

, to UNITA. The Secretary-General

Kofi Annan Kofi Atta Annan (; 8 April 193818 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder ...

had made recommendations regarding the improvement of sanctions against UNITA. The resolution highlighted that peace and national reconciliation in Angola could only be achieved through a political settlement of the conflict and in this regard welcomed planned visits by the Chairman of the committee established in Resolution 864 to the country to discuss to improve measures against UNITA. It condemned continued UNITA attacks against civilians in

Huambo Huambo, formerly Nova Lisboa (English: ''New Lisbon''), is the third-most populous city in Angola, after the capital city Luanda and Lubango, with a population of 595,304 in the city and a population of 713,134 in the municipality of Huambo (Cen ...

, Kuito and

Malanje Malanje is the capital city of Malanje Province in Angola, with a population of 455,000 (2014 census), and a municipality, with a population of 506,847 (2014 census). Projected to be the thirteenth fastest growing city on the African continent be ...

. Expert panels were then established for a period of six months to collect information relating to violations of measures against UNITA in connection with

weapon A weapon, arm or armament is any implement or device that can be used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime, law enforcement, s ...

s, oil, diamonds and financial resources. The panels also had to identify parties violating the sanctions and recommend ways to end such violations. The panels were responsible for the

Fowler Report The Fowler Report, released on March 14, 2000, is a United Nations report detailing how various companies, African and European governments, including that of Angola and the political wing of UNITA, violated the Lusaka Protocol as well as UN-impos ...

, that later gave rise to the

Kimberley Process Certification Scheme The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is the process established in 2003 to prevent "conflict diamonds" from entering the mainstream rough diamond market by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56 following recommendations in ...

(United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56). All countries were called to co-operate with the panel and provide access to information, witnesses, places in addition to guaranteeing its safety and granting

immunity Immunity may refer to: Medicine * Immunity (medical), resistance of an organism to infection or disease * ''Immunity'' (journal), a scientific journal published by Cell Press Biology * Immune system Engineering * Radiofrequence immunity desc ...

under the

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, passed by the United Nations General Assembly on 13 February 1946 in New York, and sometimes referred to as the New York Convention, defines and specifies numerous issues re ...

. Furthermore, the council was concerned at the delays in investigating the downing of two United Nations aircraft over UNITA-controlled territory on 26 December 1998 and 2 January 1999, as well as the crash of a plane carrying the

Special Representative of the Secretary-General A Special Representative of the Secretary-General is a highly respected expert who has been appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to represent them in meetings with heads of state on critical human rights issues. The representativ ...

in Côte d'Ivoire on 26 June 1998. Finally, all countries were urged to co-operate towards humanitarian activities in Angola.

References

External links

*
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
{{UNSCR 1999 1237 1999 in Angola 1237 Blood diamonds May 1999 events

See also

References

External links