The union of Bukovina with Romania was declared in 28 November 1918, being officially recognized by the international community in 1919 and 1920.

Timeline of events

1918

*22 October -

Constantin Isopescu-Grecul Constantin Ritter von Isopescu-Grecul (or cavaler de Isopescu-Grecul; first name also Konstantin, last name also Isopescul-Grecul, Isopescu Grecu; ua, Константин Ісопискуль-Грекуль; February 2, 1871 – March 29, 1938) ...

, a Bukovinian Romanian deputy in the Austrian Imperial Council, warns the authorities in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

that if they do not force

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

to release

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...

and other Romanian-inhabited areas from

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

, then the Romanian subjects of the

empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...

would have to look for outside help.Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017, ''Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918'', p. 446 *25 October - The Ukrainian National Committee for Bukovina is formed. *27 October - The Romanian National Council is formed under the leadership of

Iancu Flondor Iancu Flondor (3 August 1865 – 19 October 1924) was a Romanian politician who advocated Bukovina's union with the Kingdom of Romania. He was born in the town of Storozhynets ( ro, Storojineṭ) in Northern Bukovina (now in Ukraine). His paren ...

. *3 November - The Ukrainian National Rada takes control of the state apparatus in Czernowitz and the surrounding area. *4 November -

Aurel Onciul Aurel Onciul (29 February 1864 – 30 September 1921) was a Romanian pro-Austrian political leader in the Austrian Bukovina, prior to its union with the Kingdom of Romania. He was born in Vicovu de Sus, now in Suceava County, Romania, and gradu ...

, a Romanian Bukovinian politician, concludes an agreement (not authorized by the Romanian National Council) with the Ukrainian National Committee providing for the division of Bukovina along ethnic lines and joint Romanian-Ukrainian control over Czernowitz (the capital of Bukovina). *6 November - The Ukrainian National Committee occupies all Government buildings in Czernowitz and Omelian Popowicz is proclaimed President of "Ukrainian Bukovina".Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963, ''Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1'', p. 787 *7 November - Iancu Flondor appeals to the Romanian Government to occupy the entire land of Bukovina. *9/10 November - Romania re-declares war on the

Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...

(the May 1918 Treaty of Bucharest put an end to the first Romanian Campaign). *10 November - The Ukrainian National Committee together with its military supporters retreat from Czernowitz. *11 November - Czernowitz (claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic) is seized by the

Romanian Army The Romanian Land Forces ( ro, Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Lan ...

. *12 November - The Romanian National Council establishes a new government in Bukovina under Flondor's presidency. *28 November - The Romanian National Council, together with Polish and German representatives, convokes the

General Congress of Bukovina The General Congress of Bukovina ( ro, Congresul General al Bucovinei) was a self-proclaimed representative body created in the aftermath of the Romanian military intervention in Bukovina, which proclaimed the union of the region with the Kingdo ...

which requests the union of Bukovina with Romania. *19 December - The Romanian Government issues a decree formalizing Bukovina's annexation.

1919

*10 September - The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is signed, recognizing Romanian sovereignty over Bukovina (the frontiers of Romania were to be later fixed).Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, John Benjamins Publishing, 2006, ''History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 2'', p. 58

1920

*10 August - The

Treaty of Sèvres The Treaty of Sèvres (french: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well ...

established the Romanian-Polish boundary (mainly, based on the July 1919 Lwów Convention).

Aftermath

Since 2015, the

Bukovina Day Bukovina Day ( ro, Ziua Bucovinei) is a public holiday of Romania celebrated every 28 November that commemorates the decision of the General Congress of Bukovina to unite the region of Bukovina with the Kingdom of Romania on 28 November 1918. ...

is celebrated in Romania every 28 November to commemorate the union of the region with Romania.

Gallery

Image:Bukowina Donaumonarchie.png, Bukovina within Austria-Hungary Image:Flag of Bukowina.svg, Flag of Bukovina Image:West-Ukraine 1918.jpg, Division of Bukovina (orange) as claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic (black interrupted line) Image:Bucov.png, Ethnic map of Bukovina (purple = Romanians, green = Ukrainians) Image:Iancu Ritter von Flondor um 1900.jpg, Iancu Flondor

References

External links

Virtual Museum of the Union
{{Great Union 1918 in Romania Great Union (Romania) Greater Romania

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

Territorial evolution of Romania Aftermath of World War I in Romania