The unified civil number ( bg, Единен граждански номер, ЕГН, translit=Edinen grazhdanski nomer, EGN) is a 10-digit unique number assigned to each Bulgarian citizen. It serves as a

national identification number A national identification number, national identity number, or national insurance number or JMBG/EMBG is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purp ...

. An EGN is assigned to Bulgarians at birth, or when a

birth certificate A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a person. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensui ...

is issued. The ''uniform system for civil registration and administrative service of population'' ( bg, Единна система за гражданска регистрация и административно обслужване на населението; abbreviated: ЕСГРАОН, ''ESGRAON'') regulates the EGN system.

Structure

The initial six digits correspond to the birth date. The first two digits are the last two digits of the year, and the last two digits are the day of the month. For people born between 1900 and 1999 the middle digits are the month number: YYMMDD. For people born before 1900, 20 is added to the month: YY M+20 DD. For people born from 2000, 40 is added to the month: YY M+40 DD. The next three digits designate the birth order number, the third digit being even for males and odd for females. Each district is assigned a range of three-digit numbers, used consecutively, altering even and odd numbers between males and females born on the particular day. In rare cases a district may not have enough numbers, so numbers are "borrowed" from an adjacent district. A

check digit A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection on identification numbers, such as bank account numbers, which are used in an application where they will at least sometimes be input manually. It is analogous to a binary parit ...

, calculated from the nine digits using the following

algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing ...

, is appended:
1 Each digit is multiplied by its

weight In science and engineering, the weight of an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity. Some standard textbooks define weight as a vector quantity, the gravitational force acting on the object. Others define weight as a scalar qua ...

; the weight for the ''n''th digit is 2ⁿ modulo 11: :: 2 The products obtained are added
3 The resulting sum

modulo In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another (called the '' modulus'' of the operation). Given two positive numbers and , modulo (often abbreviated as ) is ...

11 is the check digit

Examples

Calculation

The first female registered born on 2 January 1975 has number 75 (1975) 01 (January + 0) 02 (2nd) 001 (district has numbers, say, 0-50, and this is first female of this date) & check digit, i.e. 750102001 & check digit.
7x2 + 5x4 + 0x8 + 1x5 + 0x10 + 2x9 + 0x7 + 0x3 + 1x9 = 52; divide by 11, (quotient is 4, ignore), remainder 8 is check digit. So EGN is 7501020018.

Valid EGN numbers

* 7523169263 — a male, born on 16 March 1875 * 8032056031 — a female, born on 5 December 1880 * 8001010008 — a male, born on 1 January 1980 * 7501020018 — a female, born on 2 January 1975 * 7552010005 — a male, born on 1 December 2075 * 7542011030 — a female, born on 1 February 2075

Misuse

In order to easily cross borders criminals have been known to change EGNs. There were 46 such cases detected in March 2005. Using the EGN system for identification raised some privacy concerns, though they are officially considered personal information and are protected by law.

External links