Johor State Constitution ( ms, Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor) is the state

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...

Johor Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. Johor shares mariti ...

, promulgated on 14 April 1895 by Sultan Abu Bakar. The contents of the constitution covers many aspects: * The procedures for the selection and

coronation A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the presentation of o ...

of the

Sultan of Johor The Sultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a ''bendahara''. Currently, the role of ''bendahara'' has been tak ...

, as well as the succession procedures * The laws and responsibilities of the State Assembly, Executive Council (Exco) and their members * Rules regarding to

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...

as the official religion of Johor * The development of the basics of legal punishments by justice courts * International deals Since 1895, the Johor State Establishment Constitution was revised 4 times:- * First Revision (1 April 1908) * Second Revision (17 September 1912) * Third Revision (12 May 1914) * Fourth Revision (17 July 1918)

Role in Malay nationalism

''Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor'' is the first written constitution among the Malay states. ''Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor'' played a major role for the Malays during their opposition against the formation of Malayan Union. The key factors of their protest were because all Sultans of Malay states would lose their power as the ruler of their respectable states, and the way Sir Harold MacMichael threatened the Sultans for their signatures. Sultan Ibrahim of Johor himself was encouraged by MacMichael to sign on the treaty, sparking anger among Malays, claiming that signing the Malayan Union treaty violated the ''Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor'' which disallowed the Sultan of Johor from performing actions that might threaten the

sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...

of Johor. As a response of the protest, he hosted the first UMNO's first general assembly at his palace in Johor Bahru in May 1946. He also joined the boycott of the installation of Malayan Union's first

governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

. Due to the success of the Malayan Union protest by the Malays, rulers of other Malay states began using ''Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor'' as a model for their own constitutions in order to protect the sovereignty of Malay states.

References

{{Reflist # Haji Buyung Adil, ''"Sejarah Johor"'', Kuala Lumpur, DBP, 1971 p. 261. # Fauzi Basri and Hasrom Haron. ''"Sejarah Johor- Moden 1855-1940: Satu Perbincangan dari Pelbagai Aspek"'', Kuala Lumpur. Jabatan Muzium Semenanjung Malaysia, 1978, p. 229. # ''Ibid,'' p. 251 # ''Ibid,'' p. 254

External links

Official website of the government of Johor

British Malaya Johor Law of Malaysia Constitution of Malaysia