An uncle is usually defined as a male kinship, relative who is a sibling of a parent or married to a sibling of a parent. Uncles who are consanguineous, related by birth are second-degree relatives. The female counterpart of an uncle is an aunt, and the reciprocal relationship is that of a niece and nephew, nephew or niece. The word comes from la, avunculus, the diminutive of ''avus'' (grandfather), and is a family relationship within an extended or immediate family. In some cultures and families, children may refer to the cousins of their parents as uncle (or aunt). It is also used as a title of respect for older relatives, neighbours, acquaintances, family friends, and even total strangers in some cultures, for example Aboriginal Australian elders. Using the term in this way is a form of fictive kinship. Any social institution where a special relationship exists between a man and his sisters' children is known as an avunculate (or avunculism or avuncularism). This relationship can be formal or informal, depending on the society. Early anthropological research focused on the association between the avunculate and Matrilineality, matrilineal descent, while later research has expanded to consider the avunculate in general society.

Additional terms

* A half-uncle is the half-brother of one's parent. * Uncle-in-law can refer to the husband of one's aunt or uncle, or the uncle of one's spouse. * A great-uncle/granduncle/grand-uncle is the brother of one's grandparent.

Genetics and Consanguinity

Uncles by birth (brother of a parent) are coefficient of relationship, related to their nieces and nephews by 25%. As half-uncles are related through half brothers, they are related by 12.5%. Non consanguineous uncles (male spouse of a relative) are not related by blood.

Cultural variations

Arabic

In Arabic, one's mother's brother is called ''Khal'' خال and the mother's sister is called ''Khalah'' خالة. On the father's side, one's father's brother is called ''Amm'' عم and the father's sister is called ''Ammah'' عمّة.

Turkish

In Turkish, one's mother's brother is called ''dayi'', father's brother is ''amca'', and aunt's husband is known as ''enişte''. One's mother's sister is called "teyze". Father's sister is "hala". Uncle's wife is "yenge".

Albanian, Slavic, and Persian

In some cultures, like Albanian, Slavic, or Persian, no single inclusive term describing both a person's kinship to their parental male sibling or parental male in-law exists. Instead, there are specific terms describing a person's kinship to their mother's brother (''dajë'' in Albanian language, Albanian, ''daiyee'' in Persian language, Persian, ''wuj'' (diminutive: ''wujek'') in Polish language, Polish) or a person's kinship to their father's brother (''xhajë'' in Albanian, ''amou'' in Persian, ''stryj'' (diminutive: ''stryjek'') in Polish language, Polish). An analogous differentiation exists using separate terms to describe a person's kinship to their mother's female sibling (''teze'' in Albanian, ''khaleh'' in Persian, ''ciotka'' (diminutive: ''ciocia'') in Polish language, Polish), and a person's kinship to their father's female sibling, (''hallë'' in Albanian, ''ammeh'' in Persian, ''stryjna'' (diminutive: ''stryjenka'') in Polish language, Polish). Furthermore, in Persian culture the terms used to describe a person's kinship to their maternal or paternal in-laws bear clear and unambiguous descriptions of that relationship, differentiating the parental in-laws from blood-relatives. For example, there is a specific term describing a person's kinship to the spouse of their paternal uncle (i.e. ''zan-amou'', literally 'wife-of-' ''amou''). This clarifies that kinship is to the spouse of the person's paternal male sibling, as opposed to a blood-relationship.

Indigenous Australians

Many Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples address male respected senior members of the community, known as Aboriginal elder, Elders, as "uncle" (and women as "aunty") as a mark of seniority and respect, whether related or not, such as Uncle Archie (Roach) and Uncle Jack Charles.

South Asian

In India, unambiguous names are used for various uncles such as one's father's brother chacha (or kaka). If the brother of one's father is older than one's father then he is called Tauji (or taya or bapuji). One's mother's brother is called Mama. A paternal aunt's husband is called Fufa (or Fuva) and a maternal aunt's husband is called Mausa (or Masa) in Hindi (or Gujarati). Likewise, in neighbouring Bangladesh (and Pakistan), mother's brother is also Mama (or Mamu) as well father's brother as Chacha. A paternal aunt's husband is Phupha and maternal aunt's husband is Khalu.

Uncles in popular culture

Due to the loving image of an old but wise and friendly uncle in many cultures the word has been used as a loving nickname for many people. In Tibetan mythology Akhu Tönpa (''Uncle Tompa'') is a familiar and well-beloved figure. The American national personification Uncle Sam serves as an allegorical fatherly figure to many Americans. Various children's TV hosts have used ''uncle'' as their nickname, including Walt Disney (''Uncle Walt''), Bob Davidse (''Nonkel Bob'', literally ''Uncle Bob''), Edwin Rutten (who hosted a children's show named ''De Show van Ome Willem'' (''The Show of Uncle Willem''). The Dutch poet Ome Ko also used ''uncle'' as part of his pseudonym. Rich, wise or otherwise eccentric uncles are also popular in works of fiction.

Fictional uncles in comics

* Nonkel Fillemon in ''Urbanus (comics), Urbanus''. * Nonkel Vital in ''De Kiekeboes''. * Ome Arie, character in ''Sjors en Sjimmie''. * ''Oncle Paul'', the title character in a Belgian comics series. * Uncle Ben, Ben Parker, ''Uncle Ben'', the uncle of Spider-Man. * Scrooge McDuck, a.k.a. ''Uncle Scrooge'' from the Donald Duck comics. * Uncle Choi by Hui Guan-man. * Uncle Phil in ''Mickey Finn (comic strip), Mickey Finn''.

Fictional uncles in novels

* ''Uncle Oswald'' by Roald Dahl. * ''Uncle Remus'' by Joel Chandler Harris. * ''Uncle Tom'' by Harriet Beecher Stowe. * ''Uncle Vanya'' by Anton Chekhov. * ''Uncle Wiggily'' by Howard R. Garis. * Vernon Dursley a.k.a. "Uncle Vernon" The uncle by marriage of the protagonist of ''Harry Potter'' by ''J. K. Rowling''

Fictional uncles in films

* Uncle Buck, played by John Candy in the 1989 eponymous film. * Uncle Fucker, character and song in ''South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut''.

Fictional uncles in TV series

* Benjen Stark, in the television series ''Game of Thrones'', referred to as "Uncle Benjen" by his nephew Jon Snow (character), Jon Snow. * Corrado "Junior" Soprano, in the television series ''The Sopranos'', referred to as "Uncle June" by his nephew Tony Soprano. * Jesse Katsopolis, in the television series ''Full House'' and ''Fuller House (TV series), Fuller House'', referred to as "Uncle Jesse" by his three nieces DJ, Stephanie, and Michelle Tanner. * Uncle Phil, a character in ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air''. * Charles O'Casey, also known as "Uncle Charley", a character in ''My Three Sons''. * Uncle Deadly (Muppet), Uncle Deadly, a character in ''The Muppet Show''. * Uncle Fester, a character in ''The Addams Family''. * Uncle Grandpa, a character in the eponymous TV series. *Uncle Iroh, a character from ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' and ''The Legend of Korra;'' the Uncle of Princ''e''ss Azula and Prince (later Fire Lord) Zuko, and brother of the main antagonist, Fire Lord Ozai. * Uncle Jack, title character in a BBC children's TV series. * Uncle Max, a character in the eponymous TV series. * Uncle Ruckus, a character in the television series ''The Boondocks (TV series), The Boondocks''. No relation. * Grunkle Stan, a character in the television series ''Gravity Falls''. The great-uncle of the main characters. * Uncle Arthur, a character in ''Bewitched''. *Emperor Cloyd and Becky the Enchantress characters of Disenchantment (TV series), Disenchantment, siblings of Dagmar, maternal uncles of Bean and grandsons to the late Queen Mariabeanie.

Fictional uncles in advertising

* Uncle Arthur, mascot of a Guinness stout. * Uncle Ben's, Uncle Ben, mascot of a rice brand.

Fictional uncles in music

* Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey, a 1971 a song by Paul McCartney, Paul and Linda McCartney from the album ''Ram (album), Ram''.

References

External links

* * * {{Authority control Kinship and descent Family es:Anexo:Nomenclatura de parentesco en español#Tíos