''Ulmus boissieri''
Grudz., ( fa, نارون برگریز or نارون گلپشهای), a disputed
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North ...
found in
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
, was identified by Grudzinskaya in 1977.
She equated her "new species" with the ''U. campestris'' f. ''microphylla'' collected in 1859 in
Kerman Province and described in his ''Flora Orientalis'' (1879) by
Boissier,
for whom she named it, treating Boissier's specimen as the "type". The tree is endemic the provinces of
Kermanshah
Kermanshah ( fa, کرمانشاه, Kermânšâh ), also known as Kermashan (; romanized: Kirmaşan), is the capital of Kermanshah Province, located from Tehran in the western part of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population is 946,68 ...
(
Qasr-e Shirin
Qasr-e Shirin ( fa, قصرشيرين; also Romanized as Qaşr-e Shīrīn and Qasr-ī-Shīrīn; also known as Ghasr-ī-shīrīn and Ghasr-shīrīn, Kurdish: قەسری شیرین) is a city and capital of Qasr-e Shirin County, Kermanshah Province, ...
,
Bisotun
Bisotun ( fa, بيستون; also Romanized as Bīsotūn; also known as Bīsītan and Bīsītūn) is a city and capital of Bisotun District, in Harsin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,075, in 527 famil ...
) and
Kerman
Kerman ( fa, كرمان, Kermân ; also romanization of Persian, romanized as Kermun and Karmana), known in ancient times as the satrapy of Carmania, is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,394, in ...
.,
and also the
Zagros
The Zagros Mountains ( ar, جبال زاغروس, translit=Jibal Zaghrus; fa, کوههای زاگرس, Kuh hā-ye Zāgros; ku, چیاکانی زاگرۆس, translit=Çiyakani Zagros; Turkish: ''Zagros Dağları''; Luri: ''Kuh hā-ye Zāgro ...
forests, growing with ''
Quercus brantii
''Quercus brantii'', the Brant's oak, is a species of oak native to Western Asia, namely in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
''Quercus brantii'' (covering more than 50% of the Zagros Mountains forest steppe ecoregion) is the most important tree s ...
,
Celtis australis
''Celtis australis'', the European nettle tree, Mediterranean hackberry, lote tree, or honeyberry, is a deciduous tree native to Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor. The tree was introduced to England in 1796.Hillier Nurseries Ltd. (19 ...
,
Platanus orientalis
''Platanus orientalis'', the Old World sycamore or Oriental plane, is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family, growing to or more, and known for its longevity and spreading crown. In autumn its deep green leaves may change to blood red ...
,
Fraxinus
''Fraxinus'' (), common name, commonly called ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. It contains 45–65 species of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous, though a number of Subtropics, subtropic ...
'' sp., and ''
Cerasus mahaleb''.
[Parsa, A. (1950). ''Flore de l'Iran'', 4.]
Although two more recent Iranian treatises maintain the original taxon,
[ Richens (1983), in line with Boissier's original ''U. campestris'' identification, sank ''U. boissieri'' as '']Ulmus minor
''Ulmus minor'' Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern ...
'', along with six other elms considered species by Soviet botanists.
Description
''Ulmus boissieri'' is distinguished by its small leaves and fruits. The ovate
Ovate may refer to:
*Ovate (egg-shaped) leaves, tepals, or other botanical parts
*Ovate, a type of prehistoric stone hand axe
*Ovates, one of three ranks of membership in the Welsh Gorsedd
*Vates
In modern English, the nouns vates () and ovat ...
, toothed leaves are 1.5 – 3 cm long, 1.2 – 2 cm broad, typically asymmetric at the base, the upper surfaces glabrous. The leaf veins number from 8 to 12; the petiole 2 – 3 mm long. The perfect apetalous
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usually ...
wind-pollinated flowers are minute; the suborbiculate samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
e 7 – 9 mm in diameter, with the seed located in the centre.[
Boissier's 1859 herbarium specimen (Grudzinskaya's "type" tree) shows 'Rueppellii'-like leaves and samarae, a field elm from neighbouring Turkestan (see 'External links').
]
Pests and diseases
Not known.
Cultivation
The extent of cultivation within Iran is unknown. Aside from the old field elm cultivar 'Umbraculifera', elm specimens from Iran are extremely rare in cultivation outside the country (see 'Putative specimens' below).
Putatative specimens
Four putative specimens from Iran are grown at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens
The Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares (180 acres) accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron.
The Gardens are located nor ...
, UK (see 'Accessions').[hants.gov.uk/thingstodo/hilliergardens]
file:SHHG_Ulmus_boissieri.jpg, Foliage of putative ''U. boissieri'', identified as U. minor'' Iran' at SHHG
Accessions
Europe
*Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield
Ampfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Test Valley in Hampshire, England, between Romsey, Eastleigh, and Winchester. It had a population at the 2001 census of 1,474, increasing to 1,583 at the 2011 Census.
Geography
Ampfield ...
, Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial county, ceremonial and non-metropolitan county, non-metropolitan counties of England, county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English citi ...
, England. Acc. no. 2001.0188, 4 putative specimens grown from wild collected seed in Iran by D & S Pigott 2000. Plant Centre Field, marked only as ''Ulmus minor'', Iran.
References
External links
"Herbarium specimen" - plants.jstor.org, le00011358
Labelled ''U. campestris'' f. ''microphylla'' Boiss., Kerman Province, Persia, 1859 (Pierre Edmond Boissier specimen); re-labelled 'type' ''Ulmus boissieri'' Grudz.; Herbarium Russian Academy of Sciences, 1977
"Herbarium specimen" - plants.jstor.org, je00026201
Labelled Paratype of ''Ulmus boissieri'' Grudz.; twigs and flowers (1)
"Herbarium specimen" - plants.jstor.org, je00026202
Labelled Paratype of ''Ulmus boissieri'' Grudz.; twigs and flowers (2)
* Sheet labelled ''U. campestris'', field elm specimen, Astarabad
Gorgan ( fa, گرگان ; also romanized as ''Gorgān'', ''Gurgān'', and ''Gurgan''), formerly Esterabad ( ; also romanized as ''Astarābād'', ''Asterabad'', and ''Esterābād''), is the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran. It lies appro ...
, northern Persia (1901) (Transcaspian–Persian expedition, 1900-1901)
* Sheet labelled ''U. glabra'' Mill., field elm specimen, Sumbar River valley (1901) (Transcaspian–Persian expedition, 1900-1901)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7879424
boissieri
Controversial elm taxa
Ulmus articles with images
Endemic flora of Iran
Trees of Asia
Plants described in 1977