Ulmus glabra 'Superba'

The wych elm cultivar ''Ulmus glabra'' Huds. 'Superba', Blandford Elm, with unusually large leaves, was raised by Gill's of Blandford Forum, Dorset, in the early 1840s as ''Ulmus montana superba'' and was quickly distributed to other UK nurseries. It was confirmed as a form of wych, and first described by Lindley in '' The Gardeners' Chronicle'', 1845,Lindley, J., 'The Elm', ''The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette'', 13 September 1845, p.628, col.3
/ref> later descriptions being added by Gill (1845) and Morren (1848), who called it ''U. montana'' var. ''superba''. Morren had adopted the name 'Superba' from the Fulham nurseryman Osborne in 1844, who supplied him with the tree – presumably one of the nurseries supplied by Gill. Morren states that 'Superba', already in cultivation in England, was introduced to Belgium by Denis Henrard of Saint Walburge, Liège, that in 1848 it had been present in Belgium for only three years, and that this variety was the one described as 'Superba' by Osborne, whom Henrard had visited at his nursery in Fulham in September 1844. 'Blandford Elm', with leaves of the same dimensions, was soon for sale in the USA (see 'Cultivation').

The Späth nursery in Berlin supplied a large-leaved ''U. montana superba'' from 1885 Republished 2004 Cambridge University Press, to the 1930s. H. JensenPossibly Holger Jensen, after whom ' Holgeri' was named. examined the tree at Späth's nursery and confirmed (1912) that it was identical to Morren's ''Ulmus montana superba''. Späth's catalogue of 1911–12, however, had erroneously claimed that a ''U. praestans'' E. Schoch was synonymous with Morren's ''U. montana superba''. Hartwig, who received specimens of ''U. praestans'' from Kiessling of the Magdeburg city nursery in 1908, said (1912) that "''Ulmus montana superba'', supposedly the same s ''U. praestans'' looks quite different when young, being wide with large, broad, dull green leaves, whereas ... ''U. praestans'' show an elongated medium-sized shiny green leaf and densely pyramidal crown". He concluded that ''U. praestans'' was not ''Ulmus montana superba''. Späth admitted the error in an article in Möller's ''Deutsche Gärtner-Zeitung'' (1912), where he stated that ''U. praestans'' E. Schoch was an ''Ulmus'' × ''hollandica'' hybrid, and implied that Morren's tree was a form of ''U. montana'' (wych elm). In later catalogues the nursery distinguished between Morren's ''Ulmus montana superba'' and the hybrid ''U. praestans'' E. Schoch (for which he adopted Henry's synonym ''Ulmus superba'' Henry), marketing both cultivars in the post-war period.

Späth was not the only botanist to confuse wych and hybrid 'Superba'. Though Loudon in his description (1838) of Canterbury Elm, ''Ulmus montana glabra major'', had made no reference to large leaves,Hanham, F. (1857)
''A Manual for the Park''
(Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London. Boulger tentatively (1881) and Green more confidently (1964) equated Canterbury Elm with Morren's ''U. montana'' var. ''superba'', a synonym not included in Rehder's lists (1915 & 1949). Loudon's description of Canterbury Elm, a fast-growing hybrid like Huntingdon Elm, holding its leaves late, does, however, match descriptions of ''U.'' × ''hollandica'' 'Superba' 'U. praestans''

Description

Descriptions of 'Superba' cultivars vary, as do herbarium specimens, confirming that more than one clone has been given the name. Gill's ''Ulmus montana superba'' had very large leaves, long by wide. Osborne and Morren's ''Ulmus montana'' var. ''superba'' likewise had very large wych-like leaves, to 26 by 15 cm, with a tapering tip to 3–4 cm long. The matching names, measurements and dates confirm that Gill's, and Osborne and Morren's, trees were the same clone. An 1880 herbarium specimen showing a large-leaved wych cultivar at Kew Gardens, labelled ''U. montana superba'', has dimensions similar to those given by Gill and Morren (juvenile elm leaves may be larger than those of mature canopy-leaves). Sheet described as ''U. montana'' var. ''superba'' (Kew Gardens specimen, 1880) The ''Ulmus'' 'Superba', 'Blandford Elm', in the 1902 catalogue of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey, was described as "a noble tree of large size and quick growth", with "large dark green foliage and smooth, grayish bark" (presumably in young specimens).

File:Ulmus montana superba. Morren (1848).jpg, Leaf-drawing (1848) of Osborne and Morren's 'Superba', leaves to 26 × 15  cm.

Etymology

Morren states that 'Superba' was so called "parce qu'en effet cette variété l'emporte sur les autres par sa beauté" because indeed this variety surpasses others in beauty

Pests and diseases

With the exception of Exeter Elm and dwarf wych, ''U. glabra'' Huds. cultivars are not noted for any resistance to Dutch elm disease.

Cultivation

An 1880 Kew Gardens herbarium specimen, from one of the arboretum's own trees, labelled ''U. montana'' var. ''Superba'' and matching Lindley's description, confirms that Gill's tree was present at Kew (see 'External links'). Mid 20th-century herbarium specimens from the Wageningen Aboretum, The Netherlands, show a wych cultivar there "formerly labelled ''Ulmus × hollandica'' 'Superba'". Sheet labelled ''Ulmus glabra'' Huds., formerly called 'Superba' Sheet labelled ''Ulmus glabra'' Huds., formerly called 'Superba' Sheet labelled ''Ulmus glabra'' Huds., formerly called 'Superba' (with samarae)

''Ulmus montana superba'', 'The superb-leaved elm', appeared in the catalogues of Hovey's nursery of Boston, Massachusetts, from the 1850s. 'Blan ord Elm (''superba'')', with "remarkably large leaves", appeared in the 1868 catalogue of the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York;Ellwanger & Barry, ''Descriptive Catalogue of Hardy Ornamental Trees ... at the Mount Hope Nurseries'' (Rochester, N.Y., 1868), p.9
/ref>Ellwanger & Barry, ''Descriptive Catalogue of Hardy Ornamental Trees ... at the Mount Hope Nurseries'' (Rochester, N.Y., 1875) by the 1880 catalogue it was listed as ''U. montana'' var. ''superba'' (Blandford Elm), "A noble tree of large size and quick growth; foliage large and dark green; bark smooth and grayish". Under the same name and description it appeared in the catalogues of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey, and in Kelsey's 1904 catalogue, New York. The absence of Späth's names from the Bobbink and Atkins and the Kelsey lists and their use of 'Blandford Elm' suggest that the cultivar was Gill's clone.

A cultivar listed in 2008 as ''Ulmus × hollandica'' 'Blandford' by the Urban Forestry Administration of the District Department of Transportation in Washington, D.C., as one of its 'street trees', is likely to have been Blandford Elm misnamed as a hybrid, or hybrid 'Superba' misnamed 'Blandford'.

Given Späth's pre-1912 naming error, it is not clear whether one planting of ''U. montana superba'' at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, in 1896, sourced from Späth, was the wych or the hybrid 'Superba'. The specimen (no. 42304) maintained as part of a low hedge at Wakehurst Place, Sussex (2020), grown from a cutting from Ottawa donated in 1949, is, however, listed as the hybrid 'Superba', suggesting that 1896 Ottawa planting may likewise have been the hybrid.

Notable trees

A large-leaved elm described as ''Ulmus campestris'' 'Superba' obtained from Louis van Houtte of Ghent, Belgium, before 1841 was photographed at the Ellwanger and Barry nursery at Mount Hope, Rochester, New York, c. 1900. The photograph is also captioned 'Belgium Elm', possibly a reference to its source rather than a confusion with the hybrid 'Belgica'. As the nursery later stocked the wych 'Superba', Blandford Elm, it is probable that propagation was from this tree. Arnold Arboretum identified it in 1915 as a varietal form of ''Ulmus glabra'' Huds., which would match Blandford Elm, despite the apparent discrepancy in dates.

Putative specimens in the UK

An old example of what appears to be the same clone as the 1880 Kew large-leaved 'Superba' survives (2019) on Leith Links, Edinburgh. The Edinburgh tree has wych samarae and short petioles, with no evidence of hybridization.

File:AZ0105. Ulmus. August. Hermitage Place, Leith Links, Edinburgh. 02.jpg, Large-leafed wych cultivar, Leith Links, Edinburgh.
File:AZ0105. Ulmus. Leaves. Hermitage Place, Leith Links, Edinburgh. 01.jpg, Foliage of same matching Kew's 1880 'Superba'
File:AZ0105. Ulmus. Leaves. Hermitage Place, Leith Links, Edinburgh. 04.jpg, Close-up of leaves
File:AZ0105. Ulmus. Underside of leaves. Hermitage Place, Leith Links, Edinburgh. 03.jpg, Underside of long shoot
File:Ulmus. Hermitage Place, Leith Links, Edinburgh (4).jpg, Bole
File:Ulmus. Hermitage Place, Leith Links, Edinburgh (1).jpg, Same, autumn

Notes

Herbarium Specimens

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ulmus glabra 'Superba'
Wych elm cultivar
Ulmus articles with images
Ulmus
Ulmus Edinburgh Spath 1902