''Ulmus'' 'Karagatch' is a hybrid

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture ...

from

Turkestan Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan ( fa, ترکستان, Torkestân, lit=Land of the Turks), is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang. Overview Known as Turan to the Persians, western Turk ...

(from a region now part of

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the s ...

), selected in the early 20th century and considered either a

backcrossing Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, to achieve offspring with a genetic identity closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and produ ...

of ''U.'' × ''androssowii'' and ''U. pumila'', or simply a cultivar of × ''androssowii''. It was grown from seeds, introduced from Bairam Ali in Russian Turkestan by Arthur P. Davis in the 1930s, as ''U.'' 'Karagatch', under which name it was planted at Kew. More, D. & White, J. (2013). ''Illustrated Trees of Britain and Northern Europe'', p.409. Cassells, London.''New Plant Introductions: Descriptions of Imported Seeds and Plants''
US Dept. of Agriculture, Washington 1917

Description

The Kew specimen had the appearance of a northern European field elm, more tall than broad. 'Karagatch' was described by the US Department of Agriculture (1917) as a "rapid-growing elm", suitable for semi-arid regions, with harder wood than that of

American Elm ''Ulmus americana'', generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America, naturally occurring from Nova Scotia west to Alberta and Montana, and south to F ...

. File:Ulmus 'Karagatch' (1990). Kew Gardens.jpg, 'Karagatch' at Kew Gardens, 1990

Pests and diseases

No information available.

Cultivation

'Karagatch' was present at Kew and in

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...

from the early 1930s.bioportal.naturalis.nl, specimen L.1582328
/ref> The Kew specimen was felled in 2015 as 'unsafe'. It was cloned and remains in cultivation (see 'Accessions').

Etymology

The name 'karagatch' (:'black tree' in the

Turkic languages The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia ( Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turki ...

, widely used for 'elm') has historically also been applied to ''U. minor'' 'Umbraculifera' (syn. ''U. densa'') from the same regio

and more loosely to field elm found in Turkey and to ''U. pumila'' found in Mongolia. de Roerich, G. (1931). ''Trails to Inmost Asia.'' Yale University Press.

Accessions

North America

Morton Arboretum The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, United States, is a public garden, and outdoor museum with a library, herbarium, and program in tree research including the Center for Tree Science. Its grounds, covering 1,700 acres (6.9 square kilometres ...

, US. As ''Ulmus × androssowii'' × ''U. pumila'' hybrid. Acc. no. 353-7

Europe

Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ...

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a Counties of England, county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-we ...

, UK. Acc. details not known. *Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection, ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht, five trees planted 2016

References

External links

* {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center , id=L.1582328 Juvenile long shoot (?); sheet described as 'Karagatch elm'; Den Haag specimen via Kew Gardens, 1931 Hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images Ulmus