The

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

''Ulmus'' 'Androssowii' R. Kam. (or 'Androsowii'), an elm of Uzbekistan and TajikistanForestry Commission, ''Report on Forest Research for the year ended March 1987'', Edinburgh 1987; p.45 sometimes referred to in old travel books as 'Turkestan Elm' or as 'karagach' black tree, = elm its local name, is probably an artificial

. According to Lozina-Lozinskaia the tree is unknown in the wild in Uzbekistan,Sokolov (1951). '' ''Trees & Shrubs in the U.S.S.R'''' (in Russian), 2: 506. and apparently arose from a crossing of ''U. densa'' var. ''bubyriana'' Litv. (now ''Ulmus minor'' 'Umbraculifera'), which it resembles (see the disputed species ''Ulmus densa''), and the

Siberian Elm ''Ulmus pumila'', the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes miscalled the 'Chinese Elm' (''Ulmus parvifolia''). ''U. pumila'' has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, Nor ...

''Ulmus pumila''. Not to be confused with the ''U. turkestanica'' Regel distributed by the

Späth nursery The Späth (often spelt ''Spaeth'') family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulen ...

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

. For ''U.'' 'Karagatch', see 'Hybrid cultivars' below. For so-called ''Ulmus androssowii'' var. ''subhirsuta'' C. K. Schneid. and ''Ulmus androssowii'' var. ''virgata'' (Planch.) Grudz. , see '' Ulmus chumlia''.

Description

The tree grows to a height of and is distinguished by its very dense spherical crown and pubescent leaves.

Rehder Rehder is a German surname. Notable people with this surname include the following: * Alfred Rehder (1863–1949), German-American botanist and Harvard professor * Elke Rehder (born 1953), German artist * Harald Alfred Rehder (1907–1996), Ameri ...

noted (1939) that though similar in habit to 'Umbraculifera', 'Androssowi' could be "easily distinguished" by the grayish-brown bark of its twigs with conspicuous corky wings on older branches, by the pubescent winter-buds, by the mostly shallow- and single-toothed leaves, pubescent beneath, and by the near-orbicular fruit 10-13 mm in diameter, with the seed slightly above the middle. In 'Umbraculifera', by contrast, the twigs are red-brown and never corky, the leaves are more clearly and sharply double-toothed, only slightly pubescent beneath when young and soon smooth, and the obovate fruit is wedge-shaped at base and about 1.5 cm long, with the seed close to the notch. The compact branch structure of 'Androssowii' helps the tree conserve moisture. File:Ulmus 'Androssowii' (ex-Moscow) - Grange Farm arboretum. 2017-08-12 (47).jpg, 'Androssowii',

Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ' ...

, Lincolnshire File:Ulmus 'Androssowii' (ex-Moscow) - Grange Farm arboretum. 2017-08-12 (48).jpg, Leaves of same

Pests and diseases

Not known. In 1987, according to a

Forestry Commission The Forestry Commission is a non-ministerial government department responsible for the management of publicly owned forests and the regulation of both public and private forestry in England. The Forestry Commission was previously also respon ...

study of the

Dushanbe Dushanbe ( tg, Душанбе, ; ; russian: Душанбе) is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. , Dushanbe had a population of 863,400 and that population was largely Tajik. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe (r ...

area, Tadjikistan, elms including 'Androssowii' "were plentiful in the city, pastures and roadside plantations, but no symptoms of

Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...

, foliar or internal, were found. Breeding galleries of a

Scolytus ''Scolytus'' is a genus of bark beetles (subfamily Scolytinae). It includes several species notorious for destroying trees in the forests. The Dutch elm disease is spread in North America by two species : the native elm bark beetle, ''Hylurgopinu ...

species close to

Scolytus multistriatus ''Scolytus multistriatus'', the European elm bark beetle or smaller European elm bark beetle, is a bark beetle species in the genus ''Scolytus''. In Europe, while ''S. multistriatus'' acts as vector of the Dutch elm disease, caused by the Ascomy ...

were present in stressed or dying trees but no

Ophiostoma ulmi ''Ophiostoma ulmi'' is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the causative agents of Dutch elm disease. It was first described under the name ''Graphium ulmi'', and later transferred to the genus ''Ophiostoma''. Dutc ...

was obtained from the galleries." The report concluded that, to date, the region may have escaped Dutch elm disease through geographical isolation.

Cultivation

The hybrid has been widely planted in southern and western areas of the former Soviet Union, notably along the streets of

Samarkand fa, سمرقند , native_name_lang = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from the top:Registan square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, view inside Shah-i-Zinda, ...

. In western Europe it was distributed by Hesse's Nurseries,

Weener Weener () is a town in the district of Leer, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Ems. The towns population is at 15,654, making it the largest town of the region Rheiderland. It has a railw ...

, Germany, in the 1930s. A specimen was present at

Kew Gardens Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1840, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...

in the 1930s.naturalis.nl, specimen L.1582323
/ref> Cold-hardy, it prefers a rich soil and moderate humidity. File:Ulmus x androssowi.jpg, 'Androssowii' left, ''U. Bubyriana'' ''Ulmus minor'' 'Umbraculifera'right, Samarkand (1903) File:Gorskii 21791u.jpg, Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century File:Aziatskaya Rossiya. Vol 2. p. 136. 'Karagach'. Samarkand Oblast.jpg, Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century File:Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'.jpg, Photo captioned 'Umbraculifera' but possibly 'Androssowii',

Bukhara Bukhara (Uzbek language, Uzbek: /, ; tg, Бухоро, ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan, with a population of 280,187 , and the capital of Bukhara Region. People have inhabited the region around Bukhara ...

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked cou ...

(c.1910)

Hybrid cultivars

''Ulmus'' 'Karagatch' is a hybrid cultivar from Turkestan, selected in the early 20th century and said to be either a

backcrossing Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, to achieve offspring with a genetic identity closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and product ...

of ''U. pumila'' and ''U.'' 'Androssowii' or simply a cultivar of 'Androssowi'.

Synonymy

*''Ulmus Androssowi'': Litv. in ''Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae'' 8: 23, no. 2445, ''t''.2, 1922. *''Ulmus pumila'' f. ''androssowii'' (Litv.) Rehd.

Accessions

;North America *

Morton Arboretum The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, United States, is a public garden, and outdoor museum with a library, herbarium, and program in tree research including the Center for Tree Science. Its grounds, covering 1,700 acres (6.9 square kilometres ...

, Illinois, US. Acc. no. 353-72 (received as ''U. pumila'' f. ''androssowii'' (Litv.) Rehder). ;Europe *

Sutton St James Sutton St James is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about south-west of Long Sutton. Lying in the Lincolnshire Fens, Sutton St James did not exist at the time of the 1086 ''Domesday Book''. Su ...

Spalding, Lincolnshire Spalding () is a market town on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. The town had a population of 31,588 at the 2011 census. The town is the administrative centre of the South Holland District. The town is ...

, UK. Grafted cuttings acquired 2013. Acc. nos. 1095, 1096. *Hortus Botanicus Nationalis,

Salaspils Salaspils (; german: Kircholm; sv, Kirkholm) is a town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Salaspils Municipality. The town is situated on the northern bank of the Daugava river, 18 kilometers to the south-east of the city of Riga. Histo ...

, Latvia. Acc. nos. 18165, 18166 (as ''U. pumila'' f. ''androssowii'', both from

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

). *

Sir Harold Hillier Gardens The Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares (180 acres) accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron. The Gardens are located nor ...

Romsey Romsey ( ) is a historic market town in the county of Hampshire, England. Romsey was home to the 17th-century philosopher and economist William Petty and the 19th-century British prime minister, Lord Palmerston, whose statue has stood in the t ...

, UK. Acc. nos. 2016.0355, 2016.0356.

Nurseries

;Europe *Pan-global Plant

Frampton on Severn Frampton on Severn is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. The population is 1,432. Geography The village is approximately south of Gloucester, at . It lies on the east bank of the River Severn, and on the west bank of the ...

Gloucestershire Gloucestershire ( abbreviated Glos) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn and the entire Forest of Dean. The county town is the city of Gl ...

, UK.

References

External links

Photographs of and information on 'karagach' in Uzbekistan, World Digital Library
* Formerly labelled ''U. pumila'' 'Androssowi' (Wageningen Arboretum, 1962) * Formerly labelled ''U. pumila'' 'Androssowi' (Wageningen Arboretum, 1962) * ''Ulmus'', formerly mis-labelled ''U. angronovii'' (Kew specimen, 1935) {{Taxonbar, from=Q4130195 Ulmus Hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images