Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde
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Ulick John de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde (; ; ; ; ; ; 20 December 1802 – 10 April 1874), styled Lord Dunkellin (; ) until 1808 and The Earl of Clanricarde from 1808 until 1825, was a British Whig politician who served as
British Ambassador to Russia The ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia (Russian: Британский Посол в России) is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Russian Federation and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Russia. ...
(1838–40),
Postmaster General A Postmaster General, in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters. The practice of having a government official respons ...
(1846–52) and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1858).


Background and education

Born at Belmont,
Hampshire Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial county, ceremonial and non-metropolitan county, non-metropolitan counties of England, county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English citi ...
, Clanricarde was the son of General
John de Burgh, 13th Earl of Clanricarde General John Thomas de Burgh, 13th and 1st Earl of Clanricarde PC (Ire) (; ; ; ; 22 September 1744 – 27 July 1808), styled The Honourable until 1797, was an Irish peer and soldier who was Governor of County Galway (1798–1808) and a membe ...
, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Burke, 1st Baronet.
Henry de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde Henry de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, KP, PC (Ire) (; ; ; ; 8 January 1742 – 8 December 1797), styled Lord Dunkellin (; ) until 1782 and The Earl of Clanricarde from 1782 until 1789, was an Irish peer and politician who was MP for ...
, was his uncle. He succeeded in the earldom in July 1808 at the age of five, on the death of his father. He was educated at
Eton College Eton College () is a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI under the name ''Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore'',Nevill, p. 3 ff. intended as a sister institution to King's College, C ...
. Burgh was a member of the
Anglican Church Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of the ...
, like his father, although his mother was a Catholic. Burgh was an active
Freemason Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
as a young man. While studying as an undergraduate at
Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church ( la, Ædes Christi, the temple or house, '' ædēs'', of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, the college is uniqu ...
he was initiated into the
Apollo University Lodge Apollo University Lodge No 357 is a Masonic Lodge based at the University of Oxford aimed at past and present members of the university. It was consecrated in 1819, and its members have met continuously since then. University of Oxford Membershi ...
No. 711 (later No. 357) of the
United Grand Lodge of England The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) is the governing Masonic lodge for the majority of freemasons in England, Wales and the Commonwealth of Nations. Claiming descent from the Masonic grand lodge formed 24 June 1717 at the Goose & Gridiron T ...
on 15 November 1820.


Political and diplomatic career

In 1825, at the age of 24, Clanricarde was created Marquess of Clanricarde in the
Peerage of Ireland The Peerage of Ireland consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland, or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is one of the five divisi ...
, a revival of the title which had become extinct on his uncle's death in 1797. The following year he was made Baron Somerhill, of Somerhill in the County of Kent, in the
Peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five Peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union 1800, Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the ...
, which entitled him to a seat in the
House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the Bicameralism, upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by Life peer, appointment, Hereditary peer, heredity or Lords Spiritual, official function. Like the ...
. In January 1826 the
Earl of Liverpool Earl of Liverpool is a title that has been created twice in British history. The first time was in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1796 for Charles Jenkinson, 1st Baron Hawkesbury, a favourite of King George III (see Jenkinson baronets for ...
appointed him as Joint Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (alongside
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), a post he held until August of the same year. He was sworn of the
Privy Council A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
in December 1830. Between 1838 and 1840, Lord Clanricarde served as
British Ambassador to Russia The ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia (Russian: Британский Посол в России) is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Russian Federation and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Russia. ...
. In 1846, he was appointed
Postmaster General A Postmaster General, in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters. The practice of having a government official respons ...
, with a seat in the cabinet, by
Lord John Russell John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, (18 August 1792 – 28 May 1878), known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a British Whig and Liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1852 and ag ...
, an office he retained until the government fell in 1852. He held his last ministerial post when he was briefly Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal under
Lord Palmerston Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. Palmerston dominated British foreign policy during the period ...
for a few weeks in February 1858. Apart from his political career, he was also Lord-Lieutenant of County Galway between 1831 and 1874. In 1831, he was made a
Knight of the Order of St Patrick The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a dormant British order of chivalry associated with Ireland. The Order was created in 1783 by King George III at the request of the then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, The 3rd Earl Temple (later cre ...
.


Great Hunger

Burgh was a substantial landowner in
County Galway "Righteousness and Justice" , anthem = () , image_map = Island of Ireland location map Galway.svg , map_caption = Location in Ireland , area_footnotes = , area_total_km2 = ...
, with his
Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...
-descended family holding their seat at
Portumna Portumna ( - meaning 'the landing place of the oak') is a market town in the south-east of County Galway, Ireland, on the border with and linked by a bridge to County Tipperary. The town is located to the west of the point where the River Shanno ...
. During the years of the Great Hunger in Ireland, his record was mixed. A supporter of the
British Whigs The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the Parliaments of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and the 1850s, the Whigs contested power with their rivals, the Tories. T ...
and a sitting member of the Russell Ministry, his principal aim was upholding the interests of the Anglo-Irish landowning class. Although he did not initiate mass clearances of destitute tenants from the estates, as
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and
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were notoriously known for, there were more small-scale displacements over a longer period of time. de Burgh was the Crown's
Lord Lieutenant of Galway This is a list of people who have held the post of Lord Lieutenant of County Galway. There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 ...
during the Famine and did not condemn the large-scale evictions by his fellow Galway landowners, John Gerrard (and his wife Marcella Netterville) at Ballinlass,
Christopher St George Christopher St George JP DL (1812 – 13 November 1877) was an Irish Member of Parliament. He was son of Arthur French St George by his wife Lady Harriet, daughter of William St Lawrence, 2nd Earl of Howth. His paternal grandfather, Christophe ...
at
Connemara Connemara (; )( ga, Conamara ) is a region on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of western County Galway, in the west of Ireland. The area has a strong association with traditional Irish culture and contains much of the Connacht Irish-speak ...
and Patrick Blake at Tully. On the other hand, de Burgh highlighted in his correspondence with Russell and the Whig administration in Ireland the plight of starving tenants. He advocated a paternalistic state intervention, rather than a purely ''
laissez-faire ''Laissez-faire'' ( ; from french: laissez faire , ) is an economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies) deriving from special interest groups. ...
'' approach. He suggested state-sponsored public works and land drainage and sought to have corn depots set up in
Loughrea Loughrea ( ; ) is a town in County Galway, Ireland. The town lies to the north of a range of wooded hills, the Slieve Aughty Mountains, and the lake from which it takes its name. The town's cathedral, St Brendan's, dominates the town's skyline ...
and Portumna to distribute food. He donated some monies to local relief committees. de Burgh also financially assisted the emigration of poor tenants; this issue is controversial due to the fact that it still meant the displacement of the native population from the land, but supporters argue that it would have at least saved more lives ( Charles Trevelyan opposed such programmes). de Burgh did not initiate any private work schemes on the estates under his control for tenants, like some neighbouring landlords, nor did he improve agriculture on the estates.


Family

Lord Clanricarde married the Hon. Harriet Canning (13 April 1804 – 8 January 1876), daughter of Prime Minister
George Canning George Canning (11 April 17708 August 1827) was a British Tory statesman. He held various senior cabinet positions under numerous prime ministers, including two important terms as Foreign Secretary, finally becoming Prime Minister of the Unit ...
, on 4 April 1825 at Gloucester Lodge in Brompton. The couple had seven children: *Lady Elizabeth Joanna de Burgh (22 February 1826 – 26 February 1854); married
Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood Henry may refer to: People *Henry (given name) * Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portugal ...
*
Ulick Canning de Burgh, Lord Dunkellin Ulick Canning de Burgh, Lord Dunkellin (; ; ; ; ; ; 12 July 1827 – 16 August 1867) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and politician who served during the Crimean War and was Military Secretary to the Governor-General of India, Viceroy of India and ...
(12 July 1827 – 16 August 1867) *Lady Emily Charlotte de Burgh (19 October 1828 – 10 October 1912); married
Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork Richard Edmund St Lawrence Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork and Orrery KP, PC (19 April 1829 – 22 June 1904), styled Viscount Dungarvan between 1834 and 1856, was a British courtier and Liberal politician. In a ministerial career spanning between ...
*Lady Catherine de Burgh (c. 1830 – 8 April 1895); married John Weyland, and together they had a son. *Lady Margaret Anne de Burgh (c. 1831 – 31 March 1888); married
Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale (11 April 1829 – 13 February 1907), was a British industrialist and Liberal politician. Background and education Allendale was the eldest son of Thomas Beaumont and his wife Henrietta Jane Emma, ...
* Hubert George de Burgh-Canning, 2nd Marquess of Clanricarde (30 November 1832 – 12 April 1916) *Lady Harriet Augusta de Burgh (c. 1834 – 18 January 1901); married Thomas Frederick Charles Vernon-Wentworth, maternal grandson
Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury (14 February 1773 – 4 January 1856), styled The Honourable Charles Brudenell-Bruce from birth until 1776, Lord Bruce from 1776 to 1814 and The Earl of Ailesbury from 1814 to 1821, was a Britis ...
. They had a son and a daughter. Lord Clanricarde died at Stratton Street,
Piccadilly Piccadilly () is a road in the City of Westminster, London, to the south of Mayfair, between Hyde Park Corner in the west and Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is part of the A4 road that connects central London to Hammersmith, Earl's Court, ...
, London, in April 1874, aged 71, and was succeeded in the marquessate by his second but only surviving son, Hubert. The Marchioness of Clanricarde died in January 1876, aged 71.


Honours

*KP:
Knight of St. Patrick The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a dormant British order of chivalry associated with Ireland. The Order was created in 1783 by George III of the United Kingdom, King George III at the request of the then Lord Lieutenant of Irelan ...
, ''1831'' *PC:
Privy Counsellor The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a privy council, formal body of advisers to the British monarchy, sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises Politics of the United King ...
, ''1830–1874''


Arms


Ancestry


External links

*


References

, - {{DEFAULTSORT:Clanricarde, Ulick De Burgh, 1st Marquess Of People educated at Eton College 1802 births 1874 deaths 19th-century Anglo-Irish people Irish Anglicans Irish Freemasons Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England Lords Privy Seal Lord-Lieutenants of Galway Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Knights of St Patrick United Kingdom Postmasters General Diplomatic peers Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, Ulick de Ulick Marquesses of Clanricarde Peers of the United Kingdom created by George IV