Parliamentary elections were held in

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

on 27 March 1994, with a second round between 2 and 10 April. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1976 15 political parties gained seats and the majority of deputies were independents. However, 112 seats were remained unfilled, and a succession of by-elections were required in July, August, November and December 1994 and more in December 1995 and April 1996. Three hundred (300) seats or two thirds (2/3) of the parliament were required to be filled for the next convocation. In what were the first elections held after Ukraine broke away from the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

, the

Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...

emerged as the largest party in the

Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( uk, Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, translit=, Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, translation=Supreme Council of Ukraine, Ukrainian abbreviation ''ВРУ''), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the ...

, winning 86 of the 338 seats decided in the first two rounds. This election was the result of a compromise between the

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

and the Verkhovna Rada, which was reached on 24 September 1993 because of a political crisis caused by mass protests and strikes particularly from students and miners. On that day, the Rada adopted a decree to organize parliamentary elections ahead of schedule, and ahead of scheduled

presidential elections A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pr ...

in June.

Electoral system (50% rule)

As in the previous this election took place according to the

majoritarian Majoritarianism is a traditional political philosophy or agenda that asserts that a majority (sometimes categorized by religion, language, social class, or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain degree of prim ...

electoral system in 450 electoral districts containing several precincts.Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften)
by

Max Bader Max or MAX may refer to: Animals * Max (dog) (1983–2013), at one time purported to be the world's oldest living dog * Max (English Springer Spaniel), the first pet dog to win the PDSA Order of Merit (animal equivalent of OBE) * Max (gorilla) ...

Vossiuspers UvA Amsterdam University Press (AUP) is a university press that was founded in 1992 by the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. It is based on the Anglo-Saxon university press model and operates on a not-for-profit basis. AUP publishes scholarl ...

, 2010, (page 93) Each region was assigned a proportion of districts depending on its population. Hence the most mandates were received by the more populated eastern regions of Ukraine, particularly the regions of

Donets basin The Seversky Donets () or Siverskyi Donets (), usually simply called the Donets, is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, Done ...

such as Donetsk Oblast and

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ( uk, Дніпропетро́вська о́бласть, translit=Dnipropetrovska oblast), also referred to as Dnipropetrovshchyna ( uk, Дніпропетро́вщина), is an oblast (province) of central-eastern Ukra ...

. In order to be elected a candidate needed to obtain more than 50% of votes and in order for the election to be valid more than 50% of registered voters needed to vote.Parliamentary chronicles

The Ukrainian Week ''The Ukrainian Week'' ( uk, Український Тиждень, translit=Ukrainskyi Tyzhden) is an illustrated weekly magazine covering politics, economics and the arts and aimed at the socially engaged Ukrainian-language reader. It provides ...

(30 November 2018) If no candidate obtained more than 50% in the first round, the top two candidates were listed on the ballot in the second round. In the second round the 50% rule was applied as well. Reelections were called if the 50% votes in the second round was not met. Because of those conditions several districts in the

were left not represented for a whole convocation. Particularly acute that problem was in the city of

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...

that was assigned 23 mandates, while in the parliament only 10 representatives for Kyiv participated in the second convocation - less than a half. Kyiv became the most under represented region.

Results

Parliamentary factions

Blocs were formed in the Rada on 11 May 1994: The political blocks formed in the Verkhovna Rada did not exactly represented a similar party. Such parties as the Peasant's Party of Ukraine (SelPU) and the Agrarians for Reform (AZR) (a breakaway SelPU members) formed the Agrarians of Ukraine block. Although some of the deputies, especially from SelPU, joined the Socialist block. The

Ukrainian Republican Party The Ukrainian Republican Party ( uk, Українська Республіканська партія; ''Ukrajinska Respublikanska Partija'') was the first registered political party in Ukraine created on November 5, 1990

(URP), the

Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists The Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists ( uk, Конгрес українських націоналістів ''Konhres ukrayinskykh natsionalistiv'') is a far-right political party in Ukraine. It was founded on October 18, 1992, and registered wit ...

(CUN), and the

Democratic Party of Ukraine The Democratic Party of Ukraine ( uk, Демократична партія України; ''Demokratychna Partiya Ukrayni'') is a political party in Ukraine registered in 1991. Until 2006 it had a parliamentary representation, but after associa ...

(DemPU) has formed the electoral block ''Derzhavnist'' (Statehood). * The left electoral blocks: ''Communists of Ukraine'', ''Socialist block'', and ''Peasant's Party of Ukraine'' * The right electoral blocks: ''People's Movement of Ukraine'' and ''Derzhavnist'' * The center electoral blocks: ''Interregional block'', ''Social-Market Choice'', ''Unity'', and ''Agrarians for Reforms'' * The right-center electoral blocks: ''Reforms'' and ''Center'' In February 1997 the following factions were present in parliament:Contemporary Ukraine Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation
by

Roman Solchanyk Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

, M. E. Sharpe, May 1998, (page 26) * The leftist: ''Communist of Ukraine'' (86 seats), ''Socialist Party of Ukraine'' (25 seats) and ''Peasant's Party of Ukraine'' (38 seats) * The

centrist Centrism is a political outlook or position involving acceptance or support of a balance of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy while opposing political changes that would result in a significant shift of society strongly to Left-w ...

: ''Constitutional Center'' (56 seats), ''Unity'' (37 seats), ''Intraregional Deputies Group'' (28 seats), ''Social-Market Choice'' (25 seats) and Independents (25 seats) *The national democratic: ''Reforms'' and (29 seats) ''

People's Movement of Ukraine The People's Movement of Ukraine ( uk, Народний Рух України, Narodnyi Rukh Ukrayiny) is a Ukrainian political party and first opposition party in Soviet Ukraine. Often it is simply referred to as the Movement ( uk, Рух, R ...

'' (27 seats).

By regions (single constituency)

Regional rankings

by party

;Crimea (19) * No party affiliation (11) *

(7) * Party of Economic Revival of Crimea (1) ;Vinnytsia Region (16) * No party affiliation (15) *

(1) ;Volyn Region (9) * No party affiliation (7) *

(1) *

(1) ;Dnipropetrovsk Region (34) * No party affiliation (25) * Labor Party (3) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (3) *

(1) *

Socialist Party of Ukraine The Socialist Party of Ukraine ( uk, Соціалістична Партія України, translit=Sotsialistychna Partiia Ukrayiny, SPU) was a social democratic and democratic socialist political party in Ukraine. It was one of the oldest par ...

(1) * Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (1) ;Donetsk Region (48) *

(24) * No party affiliation (18) *

(3) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) * Labor Party (1) * Democratic Party of Ukraine (1) ;Zhytomyr Region (12) * No party affiliation (8) *

(3) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Zakarpattia Region (11) * No party affiliation (9) * Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine (1) * Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine (1) ;Zaporizhia Region (18) * No party affiliation (8) *

(7) * Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (1) *

(1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Ivano-Frankivsk Region (13) * No party affiliation (10) *

(2) *

(1) ;Kirovohrad Region (12) * No party affiliation (6) *

(4) *

(1) * Democratic Party of Ukraine (1) ;Luhansk Region (23) *

(14) * No party affiliation (8) *

(1) ;Lviv Region (22) * No party affiliation (10) *

(5) *

(3) * Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (2) * Ukrainian Republican Party (1) * Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party (1) ;Mykolaiv Region (11) * No party affiliation (5) *

(5) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Odessa Region (23) * No party affiliation (14) *

(6) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (2) *

(1) ;Kyiv Region (17) * No party affiliation (11) *

(3) *

(1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) * Ukrainian Republican Party (1) ;Poltava Region (16) * No party affiliation (13) *

(2) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Rivne Region (10) * No party affiliation (4) *

(4) *

(2) ;Sumy Region (12) *

(4) *

(3) * No party affiliation (3) *

(1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Ternopil Region (10) *

(3) *

(2) * No party affiliation (2) *

(1) * Ukrainian National Assembly (1) * Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party (1) ;Kharkiv Region (25) * No party affiliation (16) *

(6) *

(2) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Kherson Region (10) *

(5) * No party affiliation (3) *

(1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Khmelnytsky Region (13) * No party affiliation (8) *

(2) *

(1) *

(1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Cherkasy Region (13) * No party affiliation (8) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (3) *

(2) ;Chernivtsi Region (8) * No party affiliation (5) *

(1) *

(1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Chernihiv Region (13) * No party affiliation (8) *

(3) * Labor Party (1) * Peasant Party of Ukraine (1) ;Kyiv (11/23) * No party affiliation (6) *

(4) *

(1) ;Sevastopol (4) *

(3) * No party affiliation (1)

by nationality

;Kyiv (11/23) * Ukrainian (9) * Russian (1) * Bulgarian (1) ;Sevastopol (4) * Russian (2) * Ukrainian (1) * Not identified (1) ;Crimea (19) * Russian (9) * Ukrainian (6) * Jewish (2) * Karaite (1) * Not identified (1) ;Vinnytsia Region (16/17) * Ukrainian (14) * Russian (1) * Polish (1) ;Volyn Region (8/9) * Ukrainian (8) ;Dnipropetrovsk Region (34) * Ukrainian (28) * Russian (4) * Not identified (2) ;Donetsk Region (47) * Ukrainian (27→26) * Russian (18→19) * Adyghe (1) * Jewish (1) ;Zhytomyr Region (12/13) * Ukrainian (10) * Russian (1) * German (1) ;Zakarpattia Region (10) * Ukrainian (8) * Russian (1) * Hungarian (1) ;Zaporizhia Region (18) * Ukrainian (12) * Russian (6) ;Ivano-Frankivsk Region (12/13) * Ukrainian (10) * Russian (1) * Not identified (1) ;Kyiv Region (16) * Ukrainian (14) * Russian (2) ;Kirovohrad Region (10) * Ukrainian (7→6) * Russian (3) * Not identified (0→1) ;Luhansk Region (24) * Ukrainian (12) * Russian (10) * Chuvash (1) * Jewish (1) ;Lviv Region (22/23) * Ukrainian (22) ;Mykolaiv Region (11) * Ukrainian (7) * Russian (4) ;Odessa Region (21/23) * Ukrainian (12→13) * Russian (6→5) * Jewish (1) * Moldavian (1) * Bulgarian (1) * Not identified (1) ;Poltava Region (16) * Ukrainian (14) * Russian (1) * Belorussian (1) ;Rivne Region (10) * Ukrainian (9) * Not identified (1) ; Sumy Region (11/13) * Ukrainian (11) ;Ternopil Regin (10) * Ukrainian (10) ;Kharkiv Region (25/28) * Ukrainian (14) * Russian (8) * Jewish (1) * Polish (1) * Not identified (1) ;Kherson Region (9/11) * Ukrainian (7) * Belorussian (1) * Not identified (1) ;Khmelnytskyi Region (13) * Ukrainian (12) * Russian (1) ;Cherkasy Region (13) * Ukrainian (13) ;Chernivtsi Region (8) * Ukrainian (7) * Romanian (1) ;Chernihiv Region (12) * Ukrainian (10) * Russian (2)

Aftermath

Due to the low turnout, 112 seats remained vacant and later in the summer of 1994 (24 and 31 July and 7 August) 20 MPs were elected to the Rada. On 20 November and 4 December nine more MPs were elected. On 30 May 1994 MP Roman Kuper died of a heart attack and

Leonid Kravchuk Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk ( uk, Леонід Макарович Кравчук; 10 January 1934 – 10 May 2022) was a Ukrainian politician and the first president of Ukraine, serving from 5 December 1991 until 19 July 1994. In 1992, he signed ...

was elected as his replacement on 25 September. On 15 July

Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corru ...

surrendered his parliamentarian mandate after being elected President, and Vasyl Yevrukhov was elected in his place. On 21 August MP Vitaliy Yurkovsky died, and was replaced by Natalya Vitrenko.

References

External links

Parliamentary and Presidential Elections of 1994
Analitik

Kandydat

Tomenko
List of deputies
{{Ukrainian elections

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...

Parliamentary election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

March 1994 events in Europe