United States enterprise law is the body of law concerning

networks Network, networking and networked may refer to: Science and technology * Network theory, the study of graphs as a representation of relations between discrete objects * Network science, an academic field that studies complex networks Mathematics ...

, platforms,

utilities A public utility company (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using that infrastructure). Public utilities are subject to forms of public control and ...

public services A public service is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies ...

(also NPU law) and the regulation of other enterprises or business entities. It is based on federal statutes, state statutes, and case law, that seek to guarantee human rights, particularly economic and social rights.

History

Second Bill of Rights The Second Bill of Rights or Bill of Economic Rights was proposed by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt during his State of the Union Address on Tuesday, January 11, 1944. In his address, Roosevelt suggested that the nation had come ...

Regulation Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. Fo ...

* Nationalization *

Privatization Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when ...

* History of US antitrust law

Administrative and general laws

The regulation of enterprise is subject to a range of federal and state rules that constitute the economy. First, principles of

judicial review Judicial review is a process under which executive, legislative and administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with authority for judicial review may invalidate laws, acts and governmental actions that are incomp ...

set the rules for all bodies exercising public authority

Administrative law

Judicial review Judicial review is a process under which executive, legislative and administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with authority for judicial review may invalidate laws, acts and governmental actions that are incomp ...

Corporate and bankruptcy laws

Delaware General Corporation Law The Delaware General Corporation Law (Title 8, Chapter 1 of the Delaware Code) is the statute of the Delaware Code that governs corporate law in the U.S. state of Delaware. Adopted in 1899, the statute has since seen Delaware become the most im ...

* New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual * Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 * Securities Act of 1933 * Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 *

Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 (, , November 6, 1978) is a United States Act of Congress regulating bankruptcy. The current Bankruptcy Code was enacted in 1978 by § 101 of the Act which generally became effective on October 1, 1979. The curre ...

Labor and employment laws

National Labor Relations Act of 1935 The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act, is a foundational statute of United States labor law that guarantees the right of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and ...

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) is a United States labor law that creates the right to a minimum wage, and " time-and-a-half" overtime pay when people work over forty hours a week. It also prohibits employment of minors in "opp ...

Equal Pay Act of 1963 The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Fro ...

* Civil Rights Act of 1964 * WARN Act of 1988

Antitrust and consumer protection

* Sherman Act of 1890 * Clayton Act of 1914

Networks and public services

Education

* 1965:

Elementary and Secondary Education Act The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 11, 1965. Part of Johnson's "War on Poverty", the act has been one of the most far-re ...

(ESEA) * 1965:

Higher Education Act of 1965 The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) () was legislation signed into United States law on November 8, 1965, as part of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society domestic agenda. Johnson chose Texas State University (then called " Southwest Te ...

(HEA) (Pub. L. No. 89-329) * 1974:

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA or the Buckley Amendment) is a United States federal law that governs the access to educational information and records by public entities such as potential employers, publicly funded e ...

(FERPA) * 1974:

Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 is a federal law of the United States of America. It prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff, and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts ...

(EEOA) * 1975:

Education for All Handicapped Children Act The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (sometimes referred to using the acronyms EAHCA or EHA, or Public Law (PL) 94-142 was enacted by the United States Congress in 1975. This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to p ...

(EHA) (Pub. L. No. 94-142) * 1978: Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment * 1980:

Department of Education Organization Act The Department of Education Organization Act is a United States federal law enacted in 1979. Purpose Congress established the United States Department of Education (ED) with the Department of Education Organization Act. Under the law, ED's missio ...

(Pub. L. No. 96-88) * 1984:

Equal Access Act The Equal Access Act is a United States federal law passed as Title VIII of the Education for Economic Security Act in 1984 to compel federally funded public secondary schools to provide equal access to extracurricular student clubs. Lobbied for ...

* 1990: The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act) * 1994:

Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 {{Infobox U.S. legislation , shorttitle = Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 , othershorttitles = {{unbulleted list, Alaska Native Educational Equity, Support and Assistance Act, Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellowship Act o ...

* 2001: No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) * 2004: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) * 2005: Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (HERA) (Pub. L. No. 109-171) * 2006: Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act * 2007: America COMPETES Act * 2008: Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) (Pub. L. No. 110-315) * 2009:

Race to the Top Race to the Top (R2T, RTTT or RTT) was a $4.35 billion United States Department of Education competitive grant created to spur and reward innovation and reforms in state and local district K–12 education. Funded as part of the American Recovery ...

* 2009:

Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act The Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2009 (SAFRA; ) is a bill introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives of the 111th United States Congress by Congressman George Miller that would expand federal Pell Grants to a maximum of $ ...

* 2010:

Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (, ) is a law that was enacted by the 111th United States Congress, by means of the reconciliation process, in order to amend the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (). The law includes the ...

* :United States education case law

Health

Department of Health A health department or health ministry is a part of government which focuses on issues related to the general health of the citizenry. Subnational entities, such as states, counties and cities, often also operate a health department of their ow ...

* 1946:

Hospital Survey and Construction Act A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emerge ...

( Hill-Burton Act) PL 79-725 * 1949:

Hospital Construction Act A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emerge ...

PL 81-380 * 1950:

Public Health Services Act Amendments In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkei ...

PL 81-692 * 1955:

Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe sym ...

PL 84-377 * 1956: Health Research Facilities Act PL 84-835 * 1960:

Social Security Amendments (Kerr-Mill aid) Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from ...

PL 86-778 * 1961: Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 87-395 * 1962: Public Health Service Act PL 87-838 * 1962: Vaccination Assistance PL 87-868 * 1963: Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act/Community Mental Health Centers Act PL 88-164 * 1964: Nurse Training Act PL 88-581 * 1965: Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 89-109 * 1965: Medicare PL 89-97 * 1965: Mental Health Centers Act Amendments PL 89-105 * 1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments PL 89-239 * 1966: Comprehensive Health Planning and Service Act PL 89-749 * 1970:

Community Mental Health Service Act A community is a Level of analysis, social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place (geography), place, Norm (social), norms, religion, values, Convention (norm), customs, or Identity (social science), identity. Communiti ...

PL 91-211 * 1970: Family Planning Services and Population Research Act PL 91-572 * 1970: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act PL 91-695 * 1971:

National Cancer Act The "war on cancer" is the effort to find a cure for cancer by increased research to improve the understanding of cancer biology and the development of more effective cancer treatments, such as targeted drug therapies. The aim of such efforts is t ...

PL 92-218 * 1974: Research on Aging Act PL 93-296 * 1974: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act PL 93-641 * 1979:

(removed education functions) PL 96-88 * 1987: Department of Transportation Appropriations Act PL 100-202 * 1988:

Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act Medicare is a government national health insurance program in the United States, begun in 1965 under the Social Security Administration (SSA) and now administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). It primarily provides ...

PL 100-360 * 1989: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act PL 101-164 * 1996:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA or the Kennedy– Kassebaum Act) is a United States Act of Congress enacted by the 104th United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on August 21, 1 ...

PL 104-191 * 2000: Child Abuse Reform and Enforcement Act P.L. 106-177 * 2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PL 111-148

Oil, gas and coal

* Coal mining in the United States *

Coal power in the United States Coal generated about 22% of the electricity at utility-scale facilities in the United States in 2021, down from 39% in 2014. In 2021, coal supplied of primary energy to electric power plants, which made up 90% of coal's contribution to U ...

* Deepwater Horizon litigation *

Petroleum in the United States Petroleum has been a major industry in the United States since shortly after the oil discovery in the Oil Creek area of Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859. The industry includes exploration, production, processing ( refining), transport ...

* Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 * Protecting our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety (PIPES) Act of 2016

Energy

* 1920 –

Federal Power Act The Federal Power Act is a law appearing in Chapter 12 of Title 16 of the United States Code, entitled "Federal Regulation and Development of Power". Enacted as the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920, and amended many times since, its origina ...

Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA), also known as the Wheeler-Rayburn Act, was a US federal law giving the Securities and Exchange Commission authority to regulate, license, and break up electric utility holding companies. It l ...

, repealed * 1946 – Atomic Energy Act PL 79-585 (created the Atomic Energy Commission) * 1954 – Atomic Energy Act Amendments PL 83-703 * 1956 –

Colorado River Storage Project The Colorado River Storage Project is a United States Bureau of Reclamation project designed to oversee the development of the upper Colorado River basin. The project provides hydroelectric power, flood control and water storage for participat ...

PL 84-485 * 1957 – Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property PL 85-162 * 1957 – Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act PL 85-256 * 1968 – Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act PL 90-481 * 1973 – Mineral Leasing Act Amendments ( Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Authorization) PL 93-153 * 1974 – Energy Reorganization Act PL 93-438 (Split the AEC into the Energy Research and Development Administration and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission) * 1975 –

Energy Policy and Conservation Act The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA) () is a United States Act of Congress that responded to the 1973 oil crisis by creating a comprehensive approach to federal energy policy. The primary goals of EPCA are to increase energy pro ...

PL 94-163 * 1977 –

Department of Energy Organization Act Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

PL 95-91 (Dismantled ERDA and replaced it with the Department of Energy) * 1978 –

National Energy Act The National Energy Act of 1978 (NEA78) was a legislative response by the U.S. Congress to the 1973 energy crisis. It includes the following statutes: * Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) () * Energy Tax Act () * National Energy Cons ...

PL 95-617, 618, 619, 620, 621 * 1980 –

Energy Security Act The Energy Security Act was signed into law by U.S. President Jimmy Carter on June 30, 1980. Thursday, 19 January 2017 It consisted of six major acts: * U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corporation Act * Biomass Energy and Alcohol Fuels Act * Renewable Ener ...

PL 96-294 * 1989 –

Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are p ...

PL 101-60 * 1992 –

Energy Policy Act of 1992 The Energy Policy Act of 1992, effective October 24, 1992, (102nd Congress H.R.776.ENR, abbreviated as EPACT92) is a United States government act. It was passed by Congress and set goals, created mandates, and amended utility laws to increase c ...

PL 102-486 * 2000 – National Nuclear Security Administration Act PL 106-65 * 2005 – Energy Policy Act of 2005 PL 109-58 * 2007 –

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007Pub.L. 110-140, originally named the Clean Energy Act of 2007, is an Act of Congress concerning the energy policy of the United States. As part of the Democratic Party's 100-Hour Plan during th ...

PL 110-140 * 2008 –

Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (, also known as the 2008 U.S. Farm Bill) was a $288 billion, five-year agricultural policy bill that was passed into law by the United States Congress on June 18, 2008. The bill was a continuation ...

PL 110-234 *''

Arizona Public Service Co. v. Snead ''Arizona Public Service Co. v. Snead'', 441 U.S. 141 (1979), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a New Mexico tax on the generation of electricity was invalid under the Supremacy ...

'' *'' Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.'' *'' Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission'' *''

Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group ''Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group'', 438 U.S. 59 (1978), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court overturned the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina's decision that the Price And ...

'' *'' Entergy Louisiana, Inc. v. Louisiana Public Service Commission'' *''

Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland ''Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland'', 437 U.S. 117 (1978), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a Maryland law prohibiting oil producers and refiners from operating filling station, service stations within its border ...

'' *''

Federal Power Commission v. Sierra Pacific Power Company ''Federal Power Commission v. Sierra Pacific Power Co.'', 350 U.S. 348 (1956), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court interpreted the Federal Power Act (FPA) as permitting the Federal Power Commission (FPC) to modify a rate spe ...

'' *''

Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation ''Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation'', 362 U.S. 99 (1960), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court which determined that the Federal Power Commission was authorized to take lands owned by the Tuscarora Indian tribe ...

'' *''

Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. ''Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co.'', 419 U.S. 345 (1974), is an United States administrative law, administrative law case of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that extensive state regulation of a public utility does not transform ...

'' *''

Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy ''Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy'', 460 U.S. 766 (1983), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court. Background After the meltdown of reactor number 2 at Three Mile Island, the People Against Nuclear Energ ...

'' *''

North American Co. v. Securities and Exchange Commission ''North American Co. v. Securities and Exchange Commission'', 327 U.S. 686 (1946), is a United States Supreme Court case holding that a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) order under the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA) directing ...

'' *'' Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission'' *'' Pacific Gas & Electric v. Public Utilities Commission'' *'' Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan'' *''

Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Wisconsin ''Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Wisconsin'', 347 U.S. 672 (1954), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that sale of natural gas at the wellhead was subject to regulation under the Natural Gas Act. Prior to this case, i ...

'' *'' Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States'' *'' State Oil Company v. Khan'' *''

National Audubon Society v. Superior Court ''National Audubon Society v. Superior Court'' (Supreme Court of California, 1983, ) was a key case in California highlighting the conflict between the public trust doctrine and appropriative water rights. The Public Trust Doctrine is based o ...

'' *'' Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill'' *''

Texaco Inc. v. Dagher ''Texaco Inc. v. Dagher'', 547 U.S. 1 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the application of U.S. antitrust law to a joint venture between oil companies to market gasoline to gas stations. The Court ruled un ...

'' *'' United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Ideal Cement Co.'' *'' United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Memphis Light, Gas, and Water Division'' *''

United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Mobile Gas Service Corp. ''United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Mobile Gas Service Corp.'', 350 U.S. 332 (1956), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court interpreted the Natural Gas Act of 1938 (NGA) as not allowing a gas supply company to unilaterally modify rate ...

'' *'' Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.''

Agriculture and environment

* 1890, 1891, 1897, 1906

Meat Inspection Act The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) is an American law that makes it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under strictly r ...

* 1906:

Pure Food and Drug Act The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, also known as Dr. Wiley's Law, was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administratio ...

* 1914:

Cotton Futures Act The Cotton Futures Act of 1914 authorized the United States Department of Agriculture to establish physical standards as a means of determining color grade, staple length and strength, and other qualities and properties for cotton. It was intende ...

* 1916:

Federal Farm Loan Act The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 () was a United States federal law aimed at increasing credit to rural family farmers. It did so by creating a federal farm loan board, twelve regional farm loan banks and tens of farm loan associations. The act ...

* 1917: Food Control and Production Acts * 1921:

Packers and Stockyards Act The Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921 (Title 7 of the United States Code, 7 U.S.C. §§ 181-229b; P&S Act) regulates meatpacking, livestock dealers, market agencies, live poultry dealers, and swine contractors to prohibit unfair or deceptive prac ...

* 1922:

Grain Futures Act The Grain Futures Act (ch. 369, , ) is a United States federal law enacted September 21, 1922 involving the regulation of trading in certain commodity futures, and causing the establishment of the Grain Futures Administration, a predecessor orga ...

* 1922: National Agricultural Conference * 1923:

Agricultural Credits Act Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people ...

* 1930:

Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act The Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, 1930 (PACA), enacted 10 June 1930 and codified as Chapter 20A of Title 7 of the United States Code Title 7 of the United States Code outlines the role of agriculture in the United States Code. Chapte ...

* 1930: Foreign Agricultural Service Act * 1933:

Agricultural Adjustment Act The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. The government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers subsidies not to plant on par ...

(AAA) * 1933: Farm Credit Act * 1935:

Resettlement Administration The Resettlement Administration (RA) was a New Deal U.S. federal agency created May 1, 1935. It relocated struggling urban and rural families to communities planned by the federal government. On September 1, 1937, it was succeeded by the Farm S ...

* 1936: Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act * 1937:

Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

* 1941: National Victory Garden Program * 1941: Steagall Amendment * 1946: Farmers Home Administration * 1946: National School Lunch Act PL 79-396 * 1946: Research and Marketing Act * 1948: Hope-Aiken Agriculture Act PL 80-897 * 1956: Soil Bank Program authorized * 1957: Poultry Inspection Act * 1947:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) is a United States federal law that set up the basic U.S. system of pesticide regulation to protect applicators, consumers, and the environment. It is administered and regulated by th ...

PL 80-104 * 1949: Agricultural Act PL 81-439 (Section 416 (b)) * 1954: Food for Peace Act PL 83-480 * 1954: Agricultural Act PL 83-690 * 1956:

Mutual Security Act The Mutual Security Act of 1951 launched a major American foreign aid program, 1951–61, of grants to numerous countries. It largely replaced the Marshall Plan. The main goal was to help poor countries develop and to containment, contain the spre ...

PL 84-726 * 1957: Poultry Products Inspection Act PL 85-172 * 1958: Food Additives Amendment PL 85-929 * 1958:

Humane Slaughter Act The Humane Slaughter Act, or the Humane Methods of Livestock Slaughter Act (P.L. 85-765; 7 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), is a United States federal law designed to decrease suffering of livestock during slaughter. It was approved on August 27, 1958. T ...

* 1958: Agricultural Act PL 85-835 * 1961: Agricultural Act PL 87-128 * 1964: Agricultural Act PL 88-297 * 1964: Food Stamp Act PL 88-525 * 1964:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Extension Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...

PL 88-305 * 1965: Appalachian Regional Development Act * 1965: Food and Agriculture Act PL 89-321 * 1966:

Child Nutrition Act The Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (CNA) is a United States federal law ( act) signed on October 11, 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Act was created as a result of the "years of cumulative successful experience under the National School L ...

PL 89-642 * 1967: Wholesome Meat Act PL 90-201 * 1968: Wholesome Poultry Products Act PL 90-492 * 1970: Agricultural Act PL 91-524 * 1972: Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act PL 92-516 * 1970:

Environmental Quality Improvement Act The Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 is a United States environmental law which was passed to work in conjunction with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). One of the two major purposes of the Act was to authorize the ...

* 1970: Food Stamp Act PL 91-671 * 1972: Rural Development Act * 1972: Rural Development Act Reform 3.31 * 1972: National School Lunch Act Amendments (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children) PL 92-433 * 1973:

Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

PL 93-86 * 1974:

Safe Drinking Water Act The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the principal federal law in the United States intended to ensure safe drinking water for the public. Pursuant to the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to set standards for drinking wa ...

PL 93-523 * 1977: Food and Agriculture Act PL 95-113 * 1985: Food Security Act PL 99-198 * 1996: Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act PL 104-127 * 1996:

Food Quality Protection Act The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), or H.R.1627, was passed unanimously by Congress in 1996 and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on August 3, 1996. The FQPA standardized the way the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would man ...

PL 104-170 * 2000:

Agriculture Risk Protection Act The Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000 () made major revisions to the United States' federal crop insurance program and provided emergency agricultural assistance. The crop insurance provisions significantly increased the program's government ...

PL 106-224 * 2002: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act PL 107-171 * 2008:

PL 110-246 * 2010:

Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 () is a federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on December 13, 2010. The law is part of the reauthorization of funding for child nutrition (see the original Child Nutrition Act). It fu ...

PL 111-296

Water

*''

Slaughter-House Cases The ''Slaughter-House Cases'', 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision consolidating several cases that held that the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution only pr ...

'',

Housing

* 1944 –

Servicemen's Readjustment Act The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I. (military), G.I.s). The original G.I. Bill exp ...

, * 1949 – Housing Act, * 1950 – Housing Act, * 1951 – Defense Housing Act, * 1952 –

550 Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act 55 may refer to: * 55 (number) * 55 BC * AD 55 * 1955 *2055 Science *Caesium, by the element's atomic number Astronomy *Messier object M55, a magnitude 7.0 globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius *The New General Catalogue object NGC ...

, * 1954 – Housing Act, * 1959 – Housing Act, * 1962 – Senior Citizens Housing Act, * 1965 – Housing and Urban Development Act, * 1965 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, * 1968 – Housing and Urban Development Act, * 1974 – Housing and Urban Development Act, * 1976 – Housing and Urban Development Act, * 1986 –

Tax Reform Act of 1986 The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA) was passed by the 99th United States Congress and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on October 22, 1986. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 was the top domestic priority of President Reagan's second term. The ...

, **

Low-Income Housing Tax Credit The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC - often pronounced "lie-tech", Housing Credit) is a dollar-for-dollar tax credit in the United States for affordable housing investments. It was created under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) and gives ...

* 1987 – Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, * 1987 – Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, * 1989 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989, * 1990 – Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, * 1992 –

Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 was first introduced to the 102nd Congress on June 5, 1992, and was signed and made law by President George H. W. Bush on October 28, 1992. Also known as "The 1992 Act", the bill amended a number of hou ...

, ** Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, * 2009 –

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) (), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009. Developed in response to the Gr ...

, abbreviated ARRA, ** Repairing and modernizing public housing, including increasing the energy efficiency of units, $4 billion to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Transport

Department of Transport The Department for Transport (DfT) is a department of His Majesty's Government responsible for the English transport network and a limited number of transport matters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland that have not been devolved. The d ...

*1966 – Department of Transportation established PL 89-670 *1806 –

Cumberland Road The National Road (also known as the Cumberland Road) was the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. Built between 1811 and 1837, the road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a main tran ...

*1935 – Motor Carrier Act *1950 – Federal Aid to Highway PL 81-769 *1956 – Federal-Aid to Highway/Interstate Highway Act PL 84-627 *1965 –

Highway Beautification Act In the United States, highway beautification is the subject of the Highway Beautification Act (HBA), passed in the Senate on September 16, 1965 and in the U.S. House of Representatives on October 8, 1965, and signed by the President Lyndon B. Jo ...

PL 89-285 *1973 – Federal Aid Highway Act PL 93-87 *1980 – Motor Carrier Act PL 96-296 *1982 – Bus Regulatory Reform Act PL 97-261 *1862 – Pacific Railway Act *1887 –

Interstate Commerce Act The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower ...

*1916 –

Adamson Railway Labor Act Adamson may refer to: * Adamson (surname), list of people * ''Adamson'', taxonomic author abbreviation for British botanist Robert Stephen Adamson (1885–1965) * Adamson (automobile), an English automobile model * ''Adamson'' (comic strip) or ...

*1970 – Rail Passenger Service Act PL 91-518 *1973 – Amtrak Improvement Act PL 93-146 *1976 –

Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act The Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976, often called the "4R Act," is a United States federal law that established the basic outlines of regulatory reform in the railroad industry and provided transitional operating funds fo ...

PL 94-210 *1980 – Staggers Rail Act PL 96-448 *1946 – Federal Airport Act PL 79-377 *1957 – Airways Modernization Act PL 85-133 *1958 – Federal Aviation Act PL 85-726 *1959 – Airport Construction Act PL 86-72 *1978 –

Airline Deregulation Act The Airline Deregulation Act is a 1978 United States federal law that deregulated the airline industry in the United States, removing federal control over such areas as fares, routes, and market entry of new airlines. The Civil Aeronautics Boa ...

PL 95-504 *1970 –

Airport and Airway Development Act The Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 (Public law, Pub.L. 91-258) was a United States federal law passed during the 91st United States Congress, 91st Congress, and signed into law by President of the United States, President Richard Nixon ...

PL 91-258 *2000 –

Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century The Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century is a United States federal law, signed on 5 April 2000, seeking to improve airline safety. It is popularly called "AIR 21," and is also known as Public Law 106-181. Ba ...

PL 106-181 *1964 – Urban Mass Transportation Act PL 88-365 *1970 – Urban Mass Transportation Act PL 91-453 *1974 –

National Mass Transportation Assistance Act The National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974 is a United States federal law that extended the Urban Mass Transportation Act to cover operating costs as well as construction costs. This act was the culmination of a major lobbying effort b ...

PL 93-503 *1954 –

Saint Lawrence Seaway The St. Lawrence Seaway (french: la Voie Maritime du Saint-Laurent) is a system of locks, canals, and channels in Canada and the United States that permits oceangoing vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North Ameri ...

Act *1958 – Transportation Act PL 85-625 *1976 – Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act PL 94-435 *1982 – Transportation Assistance Act PL 97-424 *1987 – Surface Transportation Act PL 100-17 *1991 –

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA, pronounced ''Ice-Tea'') is a United States federal law that posed a major change to transportation planning and policy, as the first U.S. federal legislation on the subject in ...

PL 102-240 *1998 –

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century The United States federal Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) is a federal transportation bill enacted June 9, 1998, as and . TEA-21 authorized federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and transit ...

PL 105-178 *2002 – Homeland Security Act (PL 107-296) *2005 – Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (PL 109-59)

Post

Postal Reorganization Act The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 was a law passed by the United States Congress that abolished the then United States Post Office Department, which was a part of the Cabinet, and created the United States Postal Service, a corporation-like i ...

Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 is a federal statute intended to address "the finances and operations of the U.S. Postal Service (USPS)", specifically to lift budget requirements imposed on the Service by the Postal Accountability and Enha ...

Telecomms

* Communications Act of 1934 *

Telecommunications Act of 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is a United States federal law enacted by the 104th United States Congress on January 3, 1996, and signed into law on February 8, 1996, by President Bill Clinton. It primarily amended Chapter 5 of Title 47 of ...

* COPE Act of 2006 (Communications Act of 2006) * Telecommunications Act of 2005 *'' Comcast Corp. v. FCC'' *'' Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation'' *'' Hush-A-Phone v. United States'' *'' National Cable & Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services'' *'' SBC Communications, Inc. v. FCC'' *'' Schurz Communications, Incorporated v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America'' *'' Smith v. Maryland'' *''

Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission ''Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission'', 512 U.S. 622 (1994), is the first of two United States Supreme Court cases dealing with the must-carry rules imposed on cable television companies. ''Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Commu ...

'' *''

United States v. Southwestern Cable Co. ''United States v. Southwestern Cable Co.'', 392 U.S. 157 (1968), is a case in the development of American administrative law. Legal principle The scope of authority held by an agency is determined by the agency's organic statute. Where Congre ...

'' *''

USTA v. FCC ''USTA'' ''v.'' ''FCC'' is the 2004 court case in which the Washington, D.C., Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the Federal Communications Commission's ''Triennial Review Order'' (TRO). The court's decision is based on the Telecommunications ...

'' *''

Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2002) ''Verizon Communications Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission'', 535 U.S. 467 (2002), is a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which Verizon Communications argued that the Federal Communications Commissio ...

'' *''

Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2014) ''Verizon Communications Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission'', 740 F.3d 623 (D.C. Cir., 2014), was a case at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacating portions of the FCC Open Internet Order of 2010, which the court determin ...

'' *'' Verizon Communications v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP''

Media

Federal Radio Commission The Federal Radio Commission (FRC) was a government agency that regulated United States radio communication from its creation in 1927 until 1934, when it was succeeded by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FRC was established by t ...

* Media cross-ownership in the United States *

Public Service Broadcaster Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...

*'' Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations (2009)'' *'' Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations (2012)'' *''

National Broadcasting Co. v. United States ''National Broadcasting Co. v. United States'', 319 U.S. 190 (1943), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Federal Communications Commission had the power to issue regulations pertaining to associations between br ...

'' *'' Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission'' *

NPR National Public Radio (NPR, stylized in all lowercase) is an American privately and state funded nonprofit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It differs from other ...

YouTube YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...

Federal and state fiscal policy

{{main, Taxation in the United States

References

*M Ricks, G Sitaraman, S Welton and L Menand, ''Networks, Platforms & Utilities: Law and Policy'' (2022) *E McGaughey, ''Principles of Enterprise Law: the Economic Constitution and Human Rights'' (Cambridge UP)

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