United States Coast Guard Cutter is the term used by the

U.S. Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, mul ...

for its commissioned vessels. They are or greater in length and have a permanently assigned crew with accommodations aboard. They carry the ship prefix USCGC.

History of the USCG cutters

The

Revenue Marine ) , colors= , colors_label= , march= , mascot= , equipment= , equipment_label= , battles= , anniversaries=4 August , decorations= , battle_honours= , battle_honours_label= , disbanded=28 January 1915 , flying_hours= , website= , commander1= , co ...

and the

Revenue Cutter Service ) , colors= , colors_label= , march= , mascot= , equipment= , equipment_label= , battles= , anniversaries=4 August , decorations= , battle_honours= , battle_honours_label= , disbanded=28 January 1915 , flying_hours= , website= , commander1= , co ...

, as it was known variously throughout the late 18th and the 19th centuries, referred to its ships as cutters. The term is English in origin and refers to a specific type of vessel, namely, "a small, decked ship with one mast and

bowsprit The bowsprit of a sailing vessel is a spar extending forward from the vessel's prow. The bowsprit is typically held down by a bobstay A bobstay is a part of the rigging of a sailing boat or ship. Its purpose is to counteract the upward tensio ...

, with a

gaff Gaff may refer to: Ankle-worn devices * Spurs in variations of cockfighting * Climbing spikes used to ascend wood poles, such as utility poles Arts and entertainment * A character in the ''Blade Runner'' film franchise * Penny gaff, a 19th- ...

mainsail A mainsail is a sail rigged on the main mast of a sailing vessel. * On a square rigged vessel, it is the lowest and largest sail on the main mast. * On a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, it is the sail rigged aft of the main mast. The sail's foot i ...

on a boom, a square yard and

topsail A topsail ("tops'l") is a sail set above another sail; on square-rigged vessels further sails may be set above topsails. Square rig On a square rigged vessel, a topsail is a typically trapezoidal shaped sail rigged above the course sail and ...

, and two

jib A jib is a triangular sail that sets ahead of the foremast of a sailing vessel. Its tack is fixed to the bowsprit, to the bows, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast. Jibs and spinnakers are the two main types of headsail ...

s or a jib and a staysail." With general usage, that term came to define any vessel of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

HM Customs and Excise HM Customs and Excise (properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was t ...

and the term was adopted by the

U.S. Treasury Department The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and ...

at the creation of what would become the Revenue Marine. Since that time, no matter what the vessel type, the service has referred to its vessels with permanently assigned crews as cutters.

First ten cutters

In 1790, Congress authorized the

Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...

, Alexander Hamilton, to create a maritime service to enforce customs laws (1 Stat. L. 145, 175; 4 August 1790). Alternatively known as the system of cutters, Revenue Service, and Revenue-Marine this service was officially named the Revenue Cutter Service (12 Stat. L., 639) in 1863. This service was placed under the control of the Treasury Department. The first ten cutters were: USRC Massachusetts (1791)

* USRC ''Vigilant'' * USRC ''Active'' * USRC ''General Green'' * USRC ''Massachusetts'' * USRC ''Scammel'' * USRC ''Argus'' * USRC ''Virginia'' * USRC ''Diligence'' * USRC ''South Carolina'' * USRC ''Eagle''

Current USCG cutter classes and types

*460' Polar Security Cutter (WMSP) *420' Icebreaker ''Healy'' (WAGB) *418'

National Security Cutter The Legend-class cutter, also known as the National Security Cutter (NSC) and Maritime Security Cutter, Large, is the largest active patrol cutter class of the United States Coast Guard. Entering into service in 2008, the Legend-class is the la ...

(WMSL) *399' Polar-class icebreaker (WAGB) *360' Offshore Patrol Cutter (WMSM) *295' (WIX) *282'

Edenton-class salvage and rescue ship The ''Edenton''-class salvage and rescue ship was a class of salvage and rescue ships that were operated by the United States Navy during the 1970s. Design ''Edenton''-class was a ship class consisting of three purpose built rescue ships, wh ...

, converted to Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC) *270' Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC) *240' (WLBB) *225' Seagoing Buoy Tender (WLB) *210' Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC) *175'

Coastal Buoy Tender The United States Coast Guard commissioned a new Keeper class of coastal buoy tenders in the 1990s that are 175 feet (53 m) in length and named after lighthouse keepers. Keeper-class cutters serve the Coast Guard in a variety of missions and a ...

(WLM) *160' Inland Construction Tender (WLIC) *154'

Sentinel-class cutter The Sentinel-class cutter, also known as Fast Response Cutter due to its program name, is part of the United States Coast Guard's Deepwater program. At it is similar to, but larger than the lengthened 1980s-era s that it replaces. Up to 58 ves ...

(WPC) *140' Bay-class icebreaking tug (WTGB) *110'

Island-class patrol boat The Island-class patrol boat is a class of United States Coast Guard Cutter, cutters of the United States Coast Guard. 49 cutters of the class were built, of which 37 remain in commission. Their hull numbers are WPB-1301 through WPB-1349. Overv ...

(WPB) *100' Inland Buoy Tender (WLI) *100' Inland Construction Tender (WLIC) * 87' Marine Protector-class coastal patrol boat (WPB) * 75' River Buoy Tender (WLR) * 75' Inland Construction Tender (WLIC) * 65' River Buoy Tender (WLR) * 65' Inland Buoy Tender (WLI) * 65' Small Harbor Tug (WYTL)

Historic USCG cutter classes and types

*378' High endurance cutter (WHEC) *327' (WPG) *311' (WAVP) *306' (WDE) *269' (WAGB) *255' *250' *240' *230' Light Icebreaker, redesignated Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC) *213' *213' Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC) *205' , converted to (WAT) cutter, redesignated ( WMEC) *180' Seagoing buoy tender (WLB) *180' Oceanographic vessel (WAGO) *165' *165' *165' *157' (WLM) *133' (WLM) *125' (WSC) *123'

Patrol boat (Deepwater Modified) A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel A naval ship is a military ship (or sometimes boat, depending on classification) used by a navy. Naval ships are dif ...

( WPB) *110' (WYTM) *110' (WYTM) *110' (WYTM) * 95' (WPB) * 82' (WPB)

Notes

{{Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries Ship types Ship prefixes