The United States Army North (ARNORTH) is a formation of the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...

. An

Army Service Component Command Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs) are U.S. Army commands responsible for recommendations to the Joint Force Commander on the allocation and employment of U.S. Army forces within a combatant command or further assigned to subordinate unified c ...

(ASCC) subordinate to

United States Northern Command United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) is one of eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense. The command is tasked with providing military support for non-military authorities in the U.S., and protect ...

(NORTHCOM), ARNORTH is the joint force land component of NORTHCOM.U.S. Army North (15 May 2020) Joint Forces Land Component Command
JFLCC component of NORTHCOM ARNORTH is responsible for homeland defense and defense support of civil authorities. ARNORTH is garrisoned at

Fort Sam Houston Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. "Fort Sam Houston, TX • About Fort Sam Houston" (overview), US Army, 2007, webpageSH-Army. Known colloquially as "Fort Sam," it is named for the U.S. Senator from Texas, U.S. Represen ...

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

. Redesignated ARNORTH in 2004, it was first activated in early January 1943 as the United States Fifth Army, under the command of

Lieutenant General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

Mark Wayne Clark Mark Wayne Clark (May 1, 1896 – April 17, 1984) was a United States Army officer who saw service during World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was the youngest four-star general in the US Army during World War II. During World War I ...

History

World War II

The United States Fifth Army was one of the principal formations of the

U.S. Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cl ...

in the Mediterranean during World War II, and was the first American field army ever to be activated outside of the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

. It was officially activated on 5 January 1943 at Oujda, French Morocco and made responsible for the defence of

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

and Morocco. It was also given the responsibility for planning the American part of the invasion of mainland Italy, and therefore was not involved in the

Allied invasion of Sicily The Allied invasion of Sicily, also known as Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which the Allied forces invaded the island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis powers ( Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany). It b ...

(codenamed

Operation Husky Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Ma ...

), where it was instead assigned the role of training combat troops destined for Sicily. The United States Fifth Army was initially commanded by

, who would lead the Fifth Army for nearly two years, and was to experience some of the toughest fighting of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

, where it was engaged on the Italian Front, which was, in many ways, often more reminiscent of the

trench warfare Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. Trench warfare became ar ...

of the Western Front in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. Writing to Lieutenant General

Jacob L. Devers Jacob Loucks Devers (; 8 September 1887 – 15 October 1979) was a general in the United States Army who commanded the 6th Army Group in the European Theater during World War II. He was involved in the development and adoption of numerous w ...

(American deputy to Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, Mediterranean Theater commander) in late March 1944, Clark explained the difficulties of the fighting in Italy so far, which could be said of the whole campaign. They were, he claimed, "''Terrain, weather, carefully prepared defensive positions in the mountains, determined and well-trained enemy troops, grossly inadequate means at our disposal while on the offensive, with approximately equal forces to the defender.''" The Fifth Army first saw action during the

Salerno landings Operation Avalanche was the codename for the Allied landings near the port of Salerno, executed on 9 September 1943, part of the Allied invasion of Italy during World War II. The Italians withdrew from the war the day before the invasion, b ...

(Operation Avalanche), the assault landings at Salerno, part of the

Allied invasion of Italy The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place from 3 September 1943, during the Italian campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army ...

, in September 1943. Due to the comparatively low numbers of American troops available in the Mediterranean Theater it was made up of one American and one British corps. They were the U.S. VI Corps, under

Major General Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of ...

Ernest J. DawleyMikolashek, p. 57 and the British X Corps, under Lieutenant-General Richard L. McCreery. At Salerno, VI Corps landed on the right flank, and X Corps on the left flank. Progress was initially slow, due in part to a lack of initiative by Dawley, the VI Corps commander, and due also to heavier than expected German resistance. However, heavy naval and air bombardment, along with a parachute drop by elements of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division, had saved the forces from any danger of being driven back into the sea, combined with the approach of the

British Eighth Army The Eighth Army was an Allied field army formation of the British Army during the Second World War, fighting in the North African and Italian campaigns. Units came from Australia, British India, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Free French Forces ...

, under

General A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED ...

Bernard Montgomery (the Eighth Army had landed further south in

Operation Baytown Operation Baytown was an Allied amphibious landing on the mainland of Italy that took place on 3 September 1943, part of the Allied invasion of Italy, itself part of the Italian Campaign, during the Second World War. Planning The attack was ...

, six days before Avalanche), the

German 10th Army The 10th Army () was a World War II field army of (Germany). A new 10th Army was activated in 1943 as part of Adolf Hitler's last stand, who saw action notably in late 1943 and early 1944 along the "Winter Line" at the Battle of San Pietro In ...

began to retreat. On 20 September, by which time the Fifth and Eighth Armies had linked up, Major General Dawley, VI Corps commander, was relieved of his command by Clark. Dawley was temporarily made deputy army commander, and was soon replaced in command of VI Corps by Major General

John P. Lucas Major General John Porter Lucas (January 14, 1890 – December 24, 1949) was a senior officer of the United States Army who saw service in World War I and World War II. He is most remembered for being the commander of VI Corps during the Battle of ...

Progress was then good for a couple of weeks and the Fifth Army crossed the Barbara Line and the

Volturno Line The Volturno Line (also known as the Viktor Line; , ) was a German defensive position in Italy during the Italian Campaign of World War II. The line ran from Termoli in the east, along the Biferno River through the Apennine Mountains to the ...

until the Germans turned, stood and fought. They had established a position on the

Winter Line The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded by Albert Kesselring. The series of three lines was designed to defend a western section ...

(also known as the Gustav Line), which included the formidable defensive positions at San Pietro Infine in the Liri Valley and at

Monte Cassino Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first ho ...

. By this point, Fifth Army had been reinforced by a second American corps, II Corps, commanded by Major General

Geoffrey Keyes Lieutenant General Geoffrey Keyes (October 30, 1888 – September 17, 1967) was a highly decorated senior United States Army officer who served with distinction in Sicily and Italy during World War II. Early life Keyes was born on October 30, ...

. By the end of November Clark's Fifth Army had almost doubled in size, with the addition of French General

Alphonse Juin Alphonse Pierre Juin (16 December 1888 – 27 January 1967) was a senior French Army general who became Marshal of France. A graduate of the École Spéciale Militaire class of 1912, he served in Morocco in 1914 in command of native troops. Upon ...

French Expeditionary Corps There have been several French Expeditionary Corps (French ''Corps expéditionnaire'' 'français'': * Expeditionary Corps of the Orient 'Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient'', CEO(1915), during World War I * Expeditionary Corps of the Dardanelles 'Co ...

, from 130,247 men to 243,827. With the failure of the first operations to capture Monte Cassino, an attempt was made to exploit the Allied preponderance in seapower before the coming invasion of Normandy robbed the Mediterranean of the naval forces necessary for an

amphibious assault Amphibious warfare is a type of offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach. Through history the operations were conducted ...

to seize

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. VI Corps, with its experience of amphibious landings at Salerno, was chosen for the assault and withdrawn from the line, replaced by the French Expeditionary Corps. They made a second attempt to capture Monte Cassino in conjunction with the amphibious assault by VI Corps, which again failed. VI Corps landed at Anzio, unopposed, on 22 January 1944 in

Operation Shingle The Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944 (beginning with the Allied amphibious landing known as Operation Shingle) to June 5, 1944 (ending with the capture of Rome). The op ...

, and suffered many of the same problems as had been seen at Salerno. A perceived lack of initiative on the part of the commander, Major General Lucas, combined with worries about the Germans catching VI Corps off balance if it advanced too far inland resulted in the beachhead being bottled up. The Germans launched a series of attacks and counterattacks, with both sides sustaining heavy losses, and nearly breached the last beachhead defences before again being driven off by heavy naval and air support. The fault, however, ''"was not due to Lucas's incompetence; it was due instead to wishful thinking, faulty operational planning, and the German army's ability to respond forcefully and aggressively.''" After the failure of Shingle, a large reorganization took place. Previously the Apennines had been the rough dividing line between Fifth and Eighth Armies. However, the dividing line was shifted westwards, to allow the concentration of both armies on the western side of Italy for maximum firepower to break through to Rome.

British V Corps V Corps was an army corps of the British Army that saw service in both the First and the Second World Wars. It was first organised in February 1915 and fought through the First World War on the Western front. It was recreated in June 1940, duri ...

was left on the Adriatic coast to pin down any German units there. Fifth Army was relieved of responsibility for Cassino and the final phases of that battle saw

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asia ...

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

and finally Polish troops thrown against the fortress. Fifth Army also lost McCreery's British X Corps at this time, since it was felt that having exclusively American-organised units under Fifth Army and British-organised units under Eighth Army would ease logistics. The breakthrough was achieved during the spring of 1944. Coordinated assaults by all the Allied forces, except V Corps, which was confined to a holding action, broke through. II Corps attacked along the coast, the French Expeditionary Corps, in a classic demonstration of

mountain warfare Mountain warfare (also known as alpine warfare) is warfare in mountains or similarly rough terrain. Mountain ranges are of strategic importance since they often act as a natural border, and may also be the origin of a water source (for example, ...

, broke through on the right flank of Fifth Army, and VI Corps, now commanded by Major General Lucian K. Truscott, broke out of the Anzio beachhead. By early summer, Allied forces were well on their way to capturing Rome. At this point, one of the more controversial incidents in the history of Fifth Army occurred. The strategic conception of

Sir Harold Alexander, commanding the

Allied Armies in Italy The Allied Armies in Italy (AAI) was the title of the highest Allied field headquarters in Italy, during the middle part of the Italian campaign of World War II. In the early and later stages of the campaign the headquarters was known as the ...

(later redesigned

15th Army Group The 15th Army Group was an Army Group in World War II, composed of the British Eighth and the U.S. Fifth Armies, which apart from troops from the British Empire and U.S.A., also had whole units from other allied countries/regions; like two of ...

), was that the forces of VI Corps, coming out of Anzio, would trap the retreating German forces, and leave them to be annihilated by the advancing Fifth and Eighth Armies. However, in contravention of orders, Clark diverted units of VI Corps towards Rome, leaving a small blocking force to attempt to stop the Germans. It failed to do so, and the German forces were able to escape and reestablish a coherent line to the north of Rome. Clark claimed that there were significant German threats which necessitated the diversion, but many believe that he was primarily glory-seeking by being the first to liberate Rome. Two days after Rome fell, on 4 June 1944, Operation Overlord was launched. The strategic conception of Overlord called for a supporting operation to be mounted by invading southern France. In order to do so, forces would have to be withdrawn from the Allied Armies in Italy. In the end, VI Corps was withdrawn, forming the nucleus of the field forces of the U.S. Seventh Army for the invasion of the French Riviera, Operation Dragoon. The French Expeditionary Corps was also withdrawn, to allow its men to be used to for the

French First Army The First Army (french: 1re Armée) was a field army of France that fought during World War I and World War II. It was also active during the Cold War. First World War On mobilization in August 1914, General Auguste Dubail was put in the ch ...

, a follow-up formation for Dragoon. In slightly less than two months, the strength of the Fifth Army dropped from 248,989 down to 153,323. However, the 25,000-strong Brazilian Expeditionary Force, under Marshal J.B. Mascarenhas de Morais, as well as other divisions had arrived to align with U.S. IV Corps (which had arrived in June) under Major General Willis D. Crittenberger, so two corps were maintained within Fifth Army. In the second half of 1944, the Allied forces fighting on the Italian Front within the U.S. Fifth Army and British Eighth Army resembled more a multi-national force being constituted by: Americans (including segregated African/and/Japanese-Americans), British, French, members of French and British colonies (New Zealanders, Canadians, Indians, Gurkhas, Black Africans, Moroccans, Algerians, Jews and Arabs from the British Mandate in Palestine, South Africans, Rhodesians), as well as Brazilians and exiled forces from Poland, Greece, former Czechoslovakia and anti-fascist Italians. The Germans reestablished their line across Italy at the level of Pisa and

Rimini Rimini ( , ; rgn, Rémin; la, Ariminum) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient ''Ariminu ...

. The Allied forces spent another winter, after fierce fighting in the summer and autumn in front of the Gothic Line, frustrated at their lack of ability to break through. This time Fifth Army, with

British XIII Corps XIII Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army that fought on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front during the World War I, First World War and was reformed for service during the World War II, Second World War, serving in ...

under command, led by Lieutenant-General

Sidney Kirkman General Sir Sidney Chevalier Kirkman, (29 July 1895 – 29 October 1982) was a British Army officer, who served in both the First World War and Second World War. During the latter he commanded the artillery of the Eighth Army during the Second B ...

(whose relationship with Clark was apparently very stormy) was straddling the Apennines, with many of its units occupying high, exposed positions which were miserable to garrison. That winter also saw a significant change of command. Lieutenant General Clark moved to command 15th Army Group (previously styled the Allied Armies in Italy), and Lieutenant General Lucian K. Truscott was appointed to command Fifth Army in his place. Truscott would command the Army from 16 December 1944 until the war's end. Another change came in January 1945 when XIII Corps reverted to control of British Eighth Army, which had also seen many changes in composition and command, and was now commanded by Lieutenant-General Richard L. McCreery. In the final offensive of the Italian campaign, launched in April 1945, against the German

Army Group C Army Group C (in German, ''Heeresgruppe C'' or ''HGr C'') was an army group of the German Wehrmacht, that was formed twice during the Second World War. History Army Group C was formed from Army Group 2 in Frankfurt on 26 August 1939. It init ...

, the Eighth Army initiated the main offensive on the Adriatic coast, and then the Fifth Army also broke through the German defenses around Bologna. The German units, in the main, were pinned against the Po River and destroyed, or at the very least deprived of their transport and heavy weapons, which effectively made many of them useless. II Corps units raced through Milan towards the French frontier and the great port of Genoa. IV Corps pushed due north through Verona, Vicenza and as far as Bolzano and to the Brenner Pass, where they linked up with elements of the U.S. Seventh Army, under Lieutenant General Alexander Patch. Its role in Italy cost Fifth Army dearly. It suffered 109,642 casualties in 602 days of combat, of which 19,475 were killed in action. The Fifth Army headquarters returned to the United States in September 1945. Fifth Army was inactivated on 2 October 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts. In the informal athletic competitions held between units of the European and North African theaters, the Fifth Army was among the most successful, winning titles in baseball, boxing, swimming and football during the 1944 season. The football championship was gained after a victory over 12th Air Force in the Spaghetti Bowl (American football), Spaghetti Bowl on 1 January 1945.

Order of Battle August 1944

(Part of

) *

United States Fifth Army – (

Mark W. Clark, Mark Clark) **

II Corps (United States), U.S. II Corps – (

) ***

34th Infantry Division (United States), U.S. 34th Infantry Division – (Major General Charles L. Bolte) *** 88th Infantry Division SSI

88th Infantry Division (United States), U.S. 88th Infantry Division – (Major General John E. Sloan) *** US 91st Infantry Division

91st Division (United States), U.S. 91st Infantry Division – (Major General William G. Livesay) ** US IV Corps SSI

U.S. IV Corps – (Major General Willis D. Crittenberger) *** 6TH SA ARMD DIV FLASH

6th Armoured Division (South Africa), 6th South African Armoured Division – (Major-general (United Kingdom), Major-General Evered Poole) *** 85th Division SSI

85th Infantry Division (United States), U.S. 85th Infantry Division – (Major General John B. Coulter) *** Brazilian Expeditionary Forces insignia (smoking snake)

Brazilian Expeditionary Forces insignia (smoking snake)

Brazilian Expeditionary Force – (Major General Mascarenhas de Morais) *** COA_442nd_InfReg

442nd Infantry Regiment (United States), U.S. 442nd Infantry Regiment **

– (Lieutenant-General

) ***

History of the British 1st Division during the World Wars, British 1st Infantry Division – (Major-General Charles Loewen) *** 6th Armoured Division flash

6th Armoured Division (United Kingdom), British 6th Armoured Division – (Major-General Horatius Murray) *** 8th Infantry Division (India), 8th Indian Infantry Division – (Major-General Dudley Russell) ** Army Group Reserve *** United States Army 1st Armored Division CSIB

United States Army 1st Armored Division CSIB

1st Armored Division (United States), U.S. 1st Armored Division – (Major General Vernon Prichard)

Post war

The Army's next role was considerably less violent, and it was reactivated on 11 June 1946 at Chicago under the command of

, who had commanded U.S. VI Corps in the early stages of the Battle of Anzio (battle of Anzio, Operation Shingle) during

before being relieved. It was redesignated as the Fifth United States Army on 1 January 1957. Its postwar role was as a command and control headquarters for United States Army Reserve, U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard units, formally responsible for the training of many Army troops and also the ground defense of part of the continental United States. In June 1971, the Fifth Army moved to its current base at

Redesignation in 2004

In 2004, Fifth Army transferred its Reserve preparation obligations to First United States Army, First Army, and became responsible for homeland defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) as United States Army North, the Army Service Component Command of United States Northern Command. Joint Task Force-Civil Support, a subordinate command, is designated as the United States Department of Defense, Department of Defense (DoD) command element for Department of Defense assistance to the overall federal response to a state governments request for assistance in the event of a catastrophic chemical, biological, nuclear or high yield explosive CBRNE emergency. The command also has a subordinate Contingency Command Post (CCP), known as Task Force-51, which is responsible for responding to all hazards incidents that require DOD assistance. TF-51 can be employed as an all-hazards task force or a Joint Task Force (JTF) with joint augmentation. In 2020, ARNORTH mitigated the COVID-19 pandemic by setting up hospitals using 15 Urban Augmentation Medical Task Forces.

2021 Organization

The current organization of US Army North as of 21 December 2021 is as follows: * Army Headquarters & Headquarters Battalion, at

**323rd Army Band, 323rd Army Band "Fort Sam's Own" *Joint Task Force North (JTF-N), at Fort Bliss, Texas *Defence Coordinating Elements (DCE) *Task Force 46 (Michigan Army National Guard), in Lansing, Michigan, Lansing, Michigan – CBRN, part of 46th Military Police Command *Task Force 51 *Task Force 76 (Army Reserve), in Salt Lake City, Utah – CBRN, part of 76th Operational Response Command *Joint Task Force Civil Support, at Joint Base Langley–Eustis, Virginia *Civil Support Training Activity (CSTA) * US_Army_505th_MIB_SSI

505th Military Intelligence Brigade, 505th Military Intelligence Brigade (Theater) (Army Reserve) **Headquarters & Headquarters Company, at Fort Sam Houston, Texas **383rd Military Intelligence Battalion, HQ in Belton, Missouri, Belton, Missouri **549th Military Intelligence Battalion, at Camp Bullis, Texas * 263ADABdeSSI

263rd Army Air and Missile Defense Command (South Carolina Army National Guard) **Command Headquarters & Headquarters Battery, in Anderson, South Carolina, Anderson, South Carolina **2nd Battalion, 263rd Air Defence Artillery Regiment, in Anderson, South Carolina (4 x batteries in Seneca, Easley, and Clemson) * 3rd_Sustainment_Command_CSIB

3rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) – part of XVIII Airborne Corps **Command Special Troops Battalion, at Fort Bragg, North Carolina **330th Movement Control Battalion **264th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion * 4th_Infantry_Division_SSI

4th Infantry Division Sustainment Brigade – part of 4th Infantry Division (United States), 4th Infantry Division **4th Special Troops Battalion, at Fort Carson, Colorado **68th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion * 167_Sus_Cmd_SSI

167th Theater Sustainment Command (Alabama Army National Guard) **Command Special Troops Battalion, at Fort McClellan, Alabama **1169th Contingency Contracting Battalion, in Huntsville, Alabama **135th Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) ***Command Headquarters, in Birmingham, Alabama ***731st Combat Sustainment Support Battalion, in Tallassee, Alabama ***1103rd Combat Sustainment Support Battalion, in Eufaula, Alabama ***1200th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion, in Ashland, Alabama ***440th Transportation Detachment, in Selma, Alabama **279th Army Field Support Brigade, HQ in Huntsville, Alabama ***1169th Contracting Battalion, at Fort Jackson (South Carolina), Fort Jackson, South Carolina – ''disbanded in 2020'' **111th Ordnance Group ***Group Headquarters & Headquarters Detachment, in Opelika, Alabama ***441st Ordnance Battalion, in Huntsville, Alabama

Commanding Officers

The commanding general of United States Army North is recommended to be a fully National Guard or reserve officer.https://www.congress.gov/112/plaws/publ81/PLAW-112publ81.pdf *LTG Mark W. Clark (January 1943 – December 1944) *LTG Lucian K. Truscott (December 1944 – October 1945) *Inactive (October 1945 – June 1946) *LTG Walton Walker (June 1946 – October 1948) *LTG Stephen J. Chamberlin (October 1948 – December 1951) *MG Albert C. Smith (general), Albert C. Smith (''acting'', December 1951 - July 1952) *LTG William B. Kean (July 1952 - September 1954) *LTG Hobart R. Gay (October 1954 - August 1955) *MG Philip De Witt Ginder (''acting'', August 1955 - October 1955) *LTG William Howard Arnold (November 1955 - December 1960) *LTG Emerson LeRoy Cummings (January 1961 - March 1962) *MG Lloyd R. Moses (''acting'', April 1962 - May 1962) *LTG John K. Waters (May 1962 - January 1963) *LTG Charles G. Dodge (February 1963 - March 1966) *MG Joseph E. Bastion Jr. (''acting'', April 1966) *LTG John H. Michaelis (April 1966 - January 1969) *LTG Vernon P. Mock (January 1969 - June 1971) *LTG George V. Underwood Jr. (July 1971 - September 1971) *LTG Patrick F. Cassidy (September 1971 - September 1973) *LTG George P. Seneff Jr. (October 1973 - June 1973) *GEN John J. Hennessey (July 1973 - November 1974) *MG Donald V. Rattan (''acting'', November 1974 - March 1975) *LTG Allen M. Burdett Jr. (March 1975 - June 1978) *LTG William B. Caldwell III (July 1978 - August 1980) *LTG John R. McGiffert II (August 1980 - January 1983) *LTG Edward A. Partain (January 1983 - January 1985) *LTG Charles L. Menetrey (January 1985 - May 1987) *LTG William H. Schneider (May 1987 - September 1989) *LTG George R. Stotser (September 1989 - July 1991) *MG Donald E. Eckelbarger (''acting'', July 1991 - September 1991) *BG F.J. Walters (''acting'', September 1991 - October 1991) *MG Bruce W. Moore (''acting'', October 1991 - November 1991) *LTG Neal T. Jaco (November 1991 - February 1994) *LTG Marc A. Cisneros (February 1994 - July 1996) *LTG Joseph W. Kinzer (July 1996 - August 1998) *LTG Robert F. Foley (August 1998 - August 2000) *LTG Freddy E. McFarren (August 2000 - December 2003) *LTG Robert T. Clark (December 2003 - December 2006) *LTG Thomas R. Turner II (December 2006 - December 2009) *LTG Guy C. Swan III (December 2009 - January 2012) *LTG William B. Caldwell IV (January 2012 - September 2013) *LTG Perry L. Wiggins (September 2013 - August 2016) *LTG Jeffrey S. Buchanan (August 2016 - July 2019) *LTG Laura J. Richardson (July 2019 – September 2021) *LTG John R. Evans Jr. (September 2021 – present)

References

Bibliography

* Ready, J. Lee. ''Forgotten Allies: The European Theatre, Volume I''. McFarland & Company, 1985. . * Ready, J. Lee. ''Forgotten Allies: The Military Contribution of the Colonies, Exiled Governments and Lesser Powers to the Allied Victory in World War II''. McFarland & Company, 1985. . * Jon B. Mikolashek. ''General Mark Clark: Commander of America's Fifth Army in World War II and Liberator of Rome''.

External links

''Answering the Call'', Stephen L. Wilson, 2007. Merriam Press.

* [http://www.arnorth.army.mil/ Fifth Army official website]
The "Blue Lapa" brazilian documentary about BEF – Brazilian Expeditionary Force in WWII subtitled in italian and english languages
* {{Authority control Field armies of the United States, 005 Army Military units and formations established in 1943 Military units and formations in Texas United States Army Service Component Commands, North Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) Joint Base San Antonio