Twin cities are a special case of two neighboring cities or urban centres that grow into a single conurbation – or narrowly separated urban areas – over time. There are no formal criteria, but twin cities are generally comparable in status and size, though not necessarily equal; a city and a substantially smaller suburb would not typically qualify, even if they were once separate.

Tri-cities Tri-Cities most often refers to: *Tri-Cities, Tennessee, United States *Tri-Cities, Washington, United States Tri-City, Tricity or Tri-Cities may also refer to: Populated places Americas Canada *Tri-Cities (British Columbia), consisting of Co ...

and quad cities are similar phenomena involving three or four municipalities. A common – but not universal – scenario is two cities that developed concurrently on opposite sides of a river. For example,

Minneapolis Minneapolis () is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The city is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origin ...

and Saint Paul in

Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over t ...

– one of the most widely known "Twin Cities" – were founded several miles apart on opposite sides of the

Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem), second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest Drainage system (geomorphology), drainage system in North America, second only to the Hudson B ...

, and competed for prominence as they grew. In some cases, twin cities are separated by a state border, such as

Albury Albury () is a major regional city in New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – t ...

(

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

) and Wodonga ( Victoria) in Australia, on opposite sides of the Murray River.

Islamabad Islamabad (; ur, , ) is the capital city of Pakistan. It is the country's ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million people, and is federally administered by the Pakistani government as part of the Islamabad Capital ...

and Rawalpindi are the twin cities of

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

, Islamabad is the Federal Territory of Pakistan, while Rawalpindi is a city in the Punjab province. Cities on opposite sides of international borders sometimes share enough cultural and historical identity to be seen as twins, such as Haparanda (

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...

) and

Tornio Tornio (; sv, Torneå; sme, Duortnus ; smn, Tuárnus) is a city and municipality in Lapland, Finland. The city forms a cross-border twin city together with Haparanda on the Swedish side. The municipality covers an area of , of which is ...

(

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bot ...

), Leticia (

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the ...

) and Tabatinga (

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

), or Valga (

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, an ...

) and Valka (

Latvia Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...

). In some cases twin cities eventually merge into a single legal municipality, such as Buda and Pest merging in 1873 into

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population o ...

, Hungary,

Brooklyn Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...

being annexed by

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

in 1898, or the three ancient cities of Hankou, Hanyang, and Wuchang joining in 1927 into Wuhan, China. As a single urban area, twin cities may share an airport whose airport codes include both cities' initials, e.g., DFW ( Dallas–Fort Worth), LBA (

Leeds Leeds () is a city and the administrative centre of the City of Leeds district in West Yorkshire, England. It is built around the River Aire and is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. It is also the third-largest settlement (by popul ...

– Bradford), MSP (

Minneapolis–Saint Paul Minneapolis–Saint Paul is a metropolitan area in the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States centered around the confluence of the Mississippi River, Mississippi, Minnesota River, Minnesota and St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota) ...

), RDU (

Raleigh Raleigh (; ) is the capital city of the state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second-most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is the tenth-most populous city in the Southeas ...

and Durham), and CAK ( Akron–

Canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerland * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and ente ...

Examples

Africa

Ghana

* Sekondi-Takoradi

Zambia / Zimbabwe

* Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe and Livingstone, Zambia

South Africa

Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu language, Zulu and xh, eGoli ), colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, or "The City of Gold", is the largest city in South Africa, classified as a Megacity#List of megacities, megacity, and is List of urban areas by p ...

and

Pretoria Pretoria () is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothi ...

Gauteng Gauteng ( ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means 'place of gold'. Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province by land area in South Africa. Although Gauteng accounts for only ...

Province

International

* Kinshasa and Brazzaville

North America

Canada

* Halifax and Dartmouth in

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

* Kitchener and Waterloo,

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

* Battleford and North Battleford, Saskatchewan ''"The Battlefords"''

United States

* Texarkana, Arkansas and

Texarkana, Texas Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The Texas city's population was 36,193 at the 2020 censu ...

* Hartford and New Britain, Connecticut * Fort Myers and Cape Coral, Florida * St. Petersburg and Tampa,

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and ...

* Champaign and

Urbana, Illinois Urbana ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. As of the 2010 United States Census, Urbana is the List of municipalities in Illinois, 38th-most pop ...

* Bloomington and

Normal, Illinois Normal is a town in McLean County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census, the town's population was 52,736. Normal is the smaller of two principal municipalities of the Bloomington–Normal Metropolitan Statist ...

* Lewiston and Auburn, Maine * Houghton and

Hancock, Michigan Hancock is a city in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is across the Keweenaw Waterway from the city of Houghton on the Keweenaw Peninsula. The population was 4,634 at the 2010 census. The Weather Channel has consistently ra ...

. *

Duluth, Minnesota , settlement_type = City , nicknames = Twin Ports (with Superior, Wisconsin, Superior), Zenith City , motto = , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top: Downtown Dul ...

, and

Superior, Wisconsin , native_name_lang = oj , nickname = , total_type = , motto = , image_skyline = Tower Avenue.jpg , imagesize = , image_caption = Downtown Superior , ima ...

and

Saint Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County. Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River, Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center ...

* Natchez, Mississippi and Vidalia, Louisiana * Crystal City, Missouri and Festus, Missouri *

and Durham, North Carolina *

Winston-Salem Winston-Salem is a city and the county seat of Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States. In the 2020 census, the population was 249,545, making it the second-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region, the 5th most populous city in ...

and Greensboro, North Carolina (Winston-Salem itself was formerly a pair of twin cities, until the two merged) * Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota * Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota *

Portland, Oregon Portland (, ) is a port city in the Pacific Northwest and the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon. Situated at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers, Portland is the county seat of Multnomah County, the most populous ...

and Vancouver, Washington * Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania * Allentown and

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Bethlehem is a city in Northampton and Lehigh Counties in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Bethlehem had a total population of 75,781. Of this, 55,639 were in Northampton County and 1 ...

* Greenville and

Spartanburg, South Carolina Spartanburg is a city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. The city of Spartanburg has a municipal population of 38,732 as of the 2020 census, making it the 11th-largest city in the state. For a time, the Of ...

* Bristol, Tennessee and Bristol, Virginia *

Dallas Dallas () is the third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the largest city in and seat of Dallas County ...

and

Fort Worth, Texas Fort Worth is the List of cities in Texas by population, fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the List of United States cities by population, 13th-largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tarrant County, Texas, T ...

* Midland and Odessa, Texas * Bluefield, Virginia and Bluefield, West Virginia *

Memphis, Tennessee Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Shelby County in the southwest part of the state; it is situated along the Mississippi River. With a population of 633,104 at the 2020 U.S. census, Memphis is the second-mo ...

and West Memphis, Arkansas * Fort Collins and Loveland,

Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the ...

International

Examples, sharing names or similar names, across an international border include: :Canada–United States border :*

Niagara Falls, Ontario Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 88,071 at the Canada 2016 Census, 2016 census. It is part of the List of census ...

, Canada; Niagara Falls, New York, United States :* Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States :*

North Portal, Saskatchewan North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north'' is ...

, Canada; Portal, North Dakota, United States :Mexico–United States border :*

Tecate, Baja California Tecate () is a city in Tecate Municipality, Baja California. It is across the Mexico-US border from Tecate, California. As of 2019, the city had a population of 108,860 inhabitants, while the metropolitan area has a population of 132,406 inhab ...

, Mexico;

Tecate, California Tecate is an unincorporated community in the Mountain Empire area of southeastern San Diego County, California, directly adjacent to the Mexican city of Tecate, Baja California. The area is best known for its border crossing between the Uni ...

, United States :* Boquillas del Carmen, Coahuila, Mexico;

Boquillas, Texas Boquillas was a small settlement in Texas, located on the northern banks of the Rio Grande. It was located within Brewster County, 5 miles northeast of San Vicente, Texas. The place existed to service the mining operations at Boquillas del Carme ...

, United States :* Naco, Sonora, Mexico;

Naco, Arizona Naco, a Census-Designated Place (CDP) located in Cochise County, Arizona, United States had a recorded population of 1,046 during the 2010 census. It is located directly across the United States–Mexico border from its sister city Naco, Sonora ...

, United States :* Nogales, Sonora, Mexico; Nogales, Arizona, United States :*

San Luis Río Colorado San Luis Río Colorado is a city and also the name of its surrounding municipality in the state of Sonora, Mexico. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 176,685. The city is the fourth-largest community in the state, and the municip ...

, Sonora, Mexico; San Luis, Arizona, United States :* Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico;

Laredo, Texas Laredo ( ; ) is a city in and the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Laredo has the distinction of flying seven flags (the Flag of th ...

, United States :*

Nuevo Progreso, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas Nuevo Progreso, Tamaulipas is a Mexican town in Río Bravo Municipality in the state of Tamaulipas located on the U.S.-Mexican border, a part of the binational Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan area. The Progreso-Nuevo Progreso International Br ...

, Mexico; Progreso, Texas, United States :*

Calexico, California Calexico () is a city in southern Imperial County, California. Situated on the Mexican border, it is linked economically with the much larger city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. It is about east of San Diego ...

, United States;

Mexicali, Baja California Mexicali (; ) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Baja California. The city, seat of the Mexicali Municipality, has a population of 689,775, according to the 2010 census, while the Calexico–Mexicali metropolitan area is home to 1,000,0 ...

, Mexico; see Calexico–Mexicali Pairs with unrelated names: :Mexico–Guatemala border :* Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas, Mexico and Ayutla, San Marcos, Guatemala :United States–Canada border :*

Detroit, Michigan Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at ...

, United States and

Windsor, Ontario Windsor is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the south bank of the Detroit River directly across from Detroit, Michigan, United States. Geographically located within but administratively independent of Essex County, it is the southe ...

, Canada; see

Detroit–Windsor The Detroit–Windsor region is an international transborder agglomeration comprising the American city of Detroit, Michigan, the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario, and the Detroit River between them. The Detroit–Windsor area acts as a cri ...

:* International Falls, Minnesota, United States and Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada :United States–Mexico border :*

Douglas, Arizona Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States that lies in the north-west to south-east running Sulpher Springs Valley. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico at Agua Prieta and a history of mining. The population was 16,531 ...

, United States and Agua Prieta, Sonora, Mexico :* Yuma, Arizona, United States and

, Sonora, Mexico :*

San Diego San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States ...

, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; see San Diego–Tijuana :* Brownsville, Texas, United States and

Matamoros, Tamaulipas Matamoros, officially known as Heroica Matamoros, is a city in the northeastern Mexican state of Tamaulipas, and the municipal seat of the homonymous municipality. It is on the southern bank of the Rio Grande, directly across the border from ...

, Mexico; see Brownsville–Matamoros :* Del Rio, Texas, United States and Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila, Mexico :* Eagle Pass, Texas, United States and Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico :*

El Paso, Texas El Paso (; "the pass") is a city in and the seat of El Paso County in the western corner of the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 population of the city from the U.S. Census Bureau was 678,815, making it the 23rd-largest city in the U.S., the ...

, United States and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico; see El Paso–Juárez :* Presidio, Texas, United States and Manuel Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico

Historic

* Lloydminster,

Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest T ...

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...

, Canada *

Thunder Bay Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario and the second most populous (after Greater Sudbury) municipality in Northern Ontario; its populati ...

, Canada * Saginaw and East Saginaw, Michigan, United States *

and

, New York, United States

South America

Argentina

* Carmen de Patagones and Viedma *

Paraná, Entre Ríos Paraná () is the capital city of the Argentine province Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe, capital of the neighbouring Santa Fe Province. The city has a population of 247,863 (). Hist ...

and Santa Fe

Brazil

Americana, São Paulo Americana () is a municipality (''município'') located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. The population is 229,322 (2015 est.) in an area of . The original settlement developed around the ...

and

Santa Bárbara d'Oeste Santa Bárbara d'Oeste is a municipality in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. It lies about northwest of the State capital. It occupies an area of , of which is urban. In 2020, the population ...

* Juazeiro and Petrolina * Olinda and

Recife That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) , image_map = Brazil Pernambuco Recife location map.svg , mapsize = 250px , map_caption = Location in the state of Pernambuco , pushpin_map = Brazil#South Am ...

* Vila Velha and Vitória

Chile

* Concepción and Talcahuano * Coquimbo and La Serena * Valparaiso and Viña del Mar

Peru

* Callao and

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...

Venezuela

* Acarigua and Araure * Guarenas and Guatire

Asia

Current

:Bangladesh :*

Dhaka Dhaka ( or ; bn, ঢাকা, Ḍhākā, ), List of renamed places in Bangladesh, formerly known as Dacca, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city of Bangladesh, as well as the world's largest ...

and Narayanganj, Bangladesh :Mainland China :*

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, sou ...

and Foshan, China :* Xi'an and

Xianyang Xianyang () is a prefecture-level city in central Shaanxi province, situated on the Wei River a few kilometers upstream (west) from the provincial capital of Xi'an. Once the capital of the Qin dynasty, it is now integrated into the Xi'an m ...

, China :*

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...

and Langfang, China :*

Wuxi Wuxi (, ) is a city in southern Jiangsu province, eastern China, by car to the northwest of downtown Shanghai, between Changzhou and Suzhou. In 2017 it had a population of 3,542,319, with 6,553,000 living in the entire prefecture-level city a ...

and

Suzhou Suzhou (; ; Suzhounese: ''sou¹ tseu¹'' , Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major city in southern Jiangsu province, East China. Suzhou is the largest city in Jiangsu, and a major economic center and focal point of trad ...

, China :* Chaozhou and Shantou, China :* Haifeng and Lufeng, China :Hong Kong :* Sheung Shui and Fanling :*

Tsuen Wan Tsuen Wan (formerly also spelled Tsun Wan) is a town built on a bay in the western New Territories of Hong Kong, opposite of Tsing Yi Island across Rambler Channel. The market town of Tsuen Wan emerged from the surrounding villages and fl ...

and

Kwai Chung Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town. In 2000, it had a p ...

:India :*

Ahmedabad Ahmedabad ( ; Gujarati: Amdavad ) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per ...

and Gandhinagar, India :* Allahabad and Naini, India :* Aurangabad and Jalna, India :*

Bangalore Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...

and Hosur, India :*

Chümoukedima Chümoukedima (), formerly spelled Chumukedima, is a municipality in the Chümoukedima District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Nagaland after Dimapur and Kohima. Chümoukedima was designated as t ...

and Dimapur, India :*

Cuttack Cuttack (, or officially Kataka ) in Odia is the former capital and the second largest city in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the headquarters of the Cuttack district. The name of the city is an anglicised form of ''Kataka'' which literally ...

and

Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar (; ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. The region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Ekamra Kshetra'' (area (''kshetra'') adorned with mango trees (''ekamra'')). Bhubaneswar i ...

, India :* Durg and

Bhilai Bhilai is a city in Durg district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, in eastern central India. With population exceeding 1 million, it is the second-largest urban area in Chhattisgarh after Raipur. Bhilai is a major industrial city as well ...

, India :*

Hubli Hubli, officially known as Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest city in the state by area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad dist ...

and

Dharwad Dharwad (), also known as Dharwar, is a city located in the north western part of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of the Dharwad district of Karnataka and forms a contiguous urban area with the city of Hubballi. It was merge ...

, India :*

Mysore Mysore (), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is located at an altitude o ...

and Srirangapatna, Karnataka, India :*

Kankroli Kankroli is a twin City with Rajnagar, located in the district of Rajsamand in Rajasthan, India. It is located about north of Udaipur and forms a twin town with Rajsamand Rajsamand is a city, located in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, ...

and Rajsamand, India :*

Kochi Kochi (), also known as Cochin ( ) ( the official name until 1996) is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of ...

and

Ernakulam Ernakulam () is the Central Business District of the city of Kochi in Kerala, India and has lent its name to the Ernakulam district. Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court, the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation a ...

, India :* Coimbatore and Tiruppur :*

Kolkata Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...

and

Howrah Howrah (, , alternatively spelled as Haora) is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River opposite its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively it lies within Howrah district, and is ...

, India :*

Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the secon ...

and

Navi Mumbai Navi Mumbai (), is a planned city situated on the west coast of the Indian subcontinent, located in the Konkan division of Maharashtra state, on the mainland of India. Navi Mumbai is part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). The city ...

, Maharashtra, India :*

and

Thane Thane (; also known as Thana, the official name until 1996) is a metropolitan city in Maharashtra, India. It is situated in the north-eastern portion of the Salsette Island. Thane city is entirely within Thane taluka, one of the seven taluk ...

, Maharashtra, India :* Munger and Jamalpur, India :*

Noida Noida, short for New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, is a planned city located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Noida is a satellite city of Delhi and is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) o ...

and Greater Noida, India :* Pondicherry and

Cuddalore Cuddalore, also spelt as Kadalur (), is the city and headquarters of the Cuddalore District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Situated south of Chennai, Cuddalore was an important port during the British Raj. While the early history of Cudd ...

, India :*

Pune Pune (; ; also known as Poona, ( the official name from 1818 until 1978) is one of the most important industrial and educational hubs of India, with an estimated population of 7.4 million As of 2021, Pune Metropolitan Region is the largest i ...

and Pimpri-Chinchwad, Maharashtra, India :* Ranchi and

Hatia Hatia is a town and railway station in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. Etymology The name "Hatia" derive from "Hat" which means "market." The Hat was established by King of Barkagarh Ani Nath Shahdeo. Geography Location Hat ...

, India :*

Sangli Sangli () is a city and the district headquarters of Sangli District in the state of Maharashtra, in western India. It is known as the Turmeric City of Maharashtra due to its production and trade of the spice. Sangli is situated on the banks ...

and Miraj, Maharashtra, India :*

Surat Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The word Surat literally means ''face'' in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the river Tapti near its confluence with the Arabian Sea, it used to be a large seaport. It is ...

and Navsari, India :*

Thrissur Thrissur (), formerly Trichur, also known by its historical name Thrissivaperur, is a city and the headquarters of the Thrissur district in Kerala, India. It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala after Kochi and Kozhikode, and t ...

and Guruvayur, India :*

Varanasi Varanasi (; ; also Banaras or Benares (; ), and Kashi.) is a city on the Ganges river in northern India that has a central place in the traditions of pilgrimage, death, and mourning in the Hindu world. * * * * The city has a syncretic t ...

and

Mughalsarai Mughalsarai (; English: '' Mughal Tavern''), officially known as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar, is a city and a municipal board in the Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. Located around from Varanasi, it is an important railway junction ...

, India :*

Vijayawada Vijayawada, formerly known as Bezawada, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and is a part of the state's Capital Region. It is the administrative headquarters of the NTR district. Its metropolitan region comprises N ...

and Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India :* Bangarpet and

Kolar Gold Fields Kolar Gold Fields (K.G.F.) is a mining region in K.G.F. taluk (township), Kolar district, Karnataka, India. It is headquartered in Robertsonpet, where employees of Bharat Gold Mines Limited (BGML) and BEML Limited (formerly Bharat Earth Mov ...

, Karnataka, India :* Harihar and

Davangere Davanagere is a city in the centre of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the seventh largest city in the state, and the administrative headquarters of eponymous Davangere district. Hitherto being a cotton hub and hence popularly known ...

, Karnataka, India :* Shivamoga and Bhadravati, Karnataka, India :*

Arcot Arcot (natively spelt as Ārkāḍu) is a town and urban area of Ranipet district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Located on the southern banks of Palar River, the city straddles a trade route between Chennai and Bangalore or Salem, betw ...

and Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India :* Attur and Narasingapuram, Tamil Nadu, India :* Bhavani and Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India :*

Dharmapuri Dharmapuri is a special grade town in the north western part of Tamil Nadu, India. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Dharmapuri district which is the first district created in Tamil Nadu after the independence of India by sp ...

and

Nallampalli Nallampalli is a town in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil ...

, Tamil Nadu, India :* Erode and Pallipalayam, Tamil Nadu, India :* Namakkal and Karur, Tamil Nadu, India :* Pallavaram and Chromepet, Tamil Nadu, India :*

Tiruchirappalli Tiruchirappalli () ( formerly Trichinopoly in English), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a major tier II city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli district. The city is credited with be ...

and Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, India :*

Tirunelveli Tirunelveli (, ta, திருநெல்வேலி, translit=Tirunelveli) also known as Nellai ( ta, நெல்லை, translit=Nellai) and historically (during British rule) as Tinnevelly, is a major city in the Indian state of Tam ...

and

Palayamkottai Palayamkottai (also Palayankottai) is a neighbourhood in Tirunelveli City, incorporated within the Tirunelveli City Municipal Corporation. It is situated on the east bank of the Thamirabarani river, with the exception of its downtown area, wh ...

, Tamil Nadu, India :*

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern Indi ...

and Secunderabad, Telangana state, India :*

Asansol Asansol is a (Tier-II) metropolitan city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the second largest and most populated city of West Bengal and the 33rd largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is the district headquarters of Paschim B ...

and

Durgapur Durgapur () is a planned tier-II urban agglomeration and a major industrial city in Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the fourth largest urban agglomeration after Kolkata, Asansol and Siliguri in West Be ...

, West Bengal, India :*

Barrackpore Barrackpore (also known as Barrackpur) is a city and a municipality of urban Kolkata of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (K ...

and Barasat, West Bengal, India :* Coochbehar and

Alipurduar Alipurduar is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Alipurduar district. Situated on the east bank of Kaljani River on the foothills of the Himalayas, the city is a gateway to Bhutan and ...

, West Bengal, India :*

Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jalpaiguri district as well as of the Jalpaiguri division of West Bengal, covering the jurisdiction of the five districts of North Bengal. The city is locat ...

and

Mainaguri Mainaguri is a town and a municipality in the Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision of the Jalpaiguri district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is known as the "Gateway of the Dooars" and is a regionally significant tourist destination for "Jal ...

, West Bengal, India :*

Siliguri Siliguri, ) is a major tier-II city in West Bengal. It forms "Twin Cities" with the neighboring district capital of Jalpaiguri. The city spans areas of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. Known as the ...

and

, West Bengal, India :Iraq :* Erbil and

Mosul Mosul ( ar, الموصل, al-Mawṣil, ku, مووسڵ, translit=Mûsil, Turkish: ''Musul'', syr, ܡܘܨܠ, Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. The city is considered the second larg ...

, Iraq :* Seleucia and

Ctesiphon Ctesiphon ( ; Middle Persian: 𐭲𐭩𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭭 ''tyspwn'' or ''tysfwn''; fa, تیسفون; grc-gre, Κτησιφῶν, ; syr, ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢThomas A. Carlson et al., “Ctesiphon — ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modi ...

, Iraq :Israel :* Ramla and Lod, Israel :*

Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the G ...

and Jaffa, Israel :Japan :* Aomori and

Hakodate is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households, and a population density of 412.8 ...

, Japan :*

Kamisu is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 95,384 in 40,759 households and a population density of 649 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 23.6%. The total area o ...

and Kashima, Japan :* Kitakyushu and

Shimonoseki is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. With a population of 265,684, it is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region. It is located at the southwestern tip of Honshu facing the Tsush ...

, Japan :*

Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the c ...

and Otsu, Japan :*

Maebashi is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . I ...

and Takasaki, Japan :* Nasushiobara and Otawara, Japan :* Okayama and Kurashiki, Japan :*

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...

and Sakai, Japan :* Sanjo and Tsubame, Japan :* Toyohashi and

Toyokawa is a city in the eastern part of Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 183,930 in 72,949 households, and a population density of 1,141 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Toyokawa, famous for its Toyokaw ...

, Japan :* Tsukuba and Tsuchiura, Japan :*

Yokkaichi is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 310,259 in 142162 households and a population density of 1500 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Yokkaichi is located in north-ce ...

and Suzuka, Japan :Lebanon :*

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

and Jounieh, Lebanon :Nepal :* Bharatpur and Gaindakot, Nepal :* Butwal and Tilottama, Nepal :* Nepalgunj and Kohalpur, Nepal :North Korea :* Rason and Chongjin :Pakistan :* Jhelum and

Sarai Alamgir Sarai Alamgir ( pnb, ) is the main town of Sarai Alamgir Tehsil, located in the Gujrat district in the north of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Sarai Alamgir is one of four tehsils of Gujrat district. Sarai Alamgir covers on the eastern ba ...

, Pakistan :*

Peshawar Peshawar (; ps, پېښور ; hnd, ; ; ur, ) is the sixth most populous city in Pakistan, with a population of over 2.3 million. It is situated in the north-west of the country, close to the International border with Afghanistan. It is ...

and Mardan, Pakistan :* Rawalpindi and

, Pakistan :Palestine :* Ramallah and al-Bireh, Palestine :Philippines :* Dipolog and Dapitan, Philippines :Saudi Arabia :* Dammam and Khobar, Saudi Arabia :South Korea :*

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...

and Incheon, South Korea :*

Busan Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea ...

and

Ulsan Ulsan (), officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City is South Korea's seventh-largest metropolitan city and the eighth-largest city overall, with a population of over 1.1 million inhabitants. It is located in the south-east of the country, neighboring ...

, South Korea :* Sejong City and Daejeon, South Korea :* Yangyang and Sokcho, South Korea :Taiwan :*

Taipei Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...

and New Taipei, Taiwan :Thailand :*

Bangkok Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated populati ...

and Nonthaburi, Thailand :* Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand :* Songkhla and

Hatyai Hat Yai ( th, หาดใหญ่, , also Haad Yai or Had Yai) is a city in southern Thailand near the Malaysian border. It is south of Bangkok, and has a population of 156,802 (2019) in the city itself and an urban population of about 400,00 ...

, Thailand :Vietnam :* Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong, Vietnam :International :* Astara, Azerbaijan and Astara, Iran :* Dandong, China and

Sinuiju Sinŭiju (''Sinŭiju-si'', ; known before 1925 in English as Yeng Byen City) is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of ...

, North Korea :* Manzhouli, China and Zabaykalsk, Russia :* Heihe, China and Blagoveshchensk, Russia

Historic

* Victoria and Kowloon,

colonial Hong Kong Hong Kong was a colony and later a dependent territory of the British Empire from 1841 to 1997, apart from a period of occupation under the Japanese Empire from 1941 to 1945 during the Pacific War. The colonial period began with the Britis ...

although, in both colonial Hong Kong and the

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta ...

, Victoria is the only city recognised by law; they were widely considered to be separate cities until at least the mid-1970s * Chirala- Perala, India *

Ise Ise may refer to: Places *Ise, Mie, a city in Japan ** Ise Grand Shrine, a Shinto shrine located in Ise, Mie * Ise Ekiti, a city in Nigeria * Ise, Norway, a village in Norway * Ise Province, an ancient province of Japan * River Ise, a tributary of ...

, Japan (merger of Uji,

Yamada Yamada (山田, ) is the 12th most common Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese model, actress and idol *, Japanese field hockey player *, Japanese illustrator and manga artist *, Japanese rugby union player *, Ja ...

) * Joetsu, Japan (merger of Takada, Naoetsu) * Naha and Shuri, Okinawa, Japan, once separate cities, Shuri became integrated as a district of Naha * Wuhan, China (merger of Wuchang, Hankou, Hanyang) * Saigon and Cholon, Vietnam, merged into Saigon-Cholon, now Ho Chi Minh City.

Europe

Current

:Denmark :* Nørresundby and Aalborg, Denmark :France :* Frejus and Saint-Raphaël, France :*

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...

and

Villeurbanne Villeurbanne (; frp, Velorbana) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. It is situated northeast of Lyon, with which it forms the heart of the second-largest metropolitan area in France after ...

, France :Germany :*

Frankfurt Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...

and

Offenbach, Germany Offenbach am Main () is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main. It borders Frankfurt and is part of the Frankfurt urban area and the larger Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It has a population of 138,335 (December 2018). ...

:* Ludwigshafen and

Mannheim Mannheim (; Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (german: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's ...

, Germany :*

Mainz Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-west, with Ma ...

and

Wiesbaden Wiesbaden () is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the state of Hesse. , it had 290,955 inhabitants, plus approximately 21,000 United States citizens (mostly associated with the United States Army). The Wiesbaden urban area ...

, Germany :*

Nuremberg Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...

and Fuerth, Germany :* Sindelfingen and

Böblingen Böblingen (; Swabian: ''Beblenga'') is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, seat of Böblingen District. Sindelfingen and Böblingen are contiguous. History Böblingen was founded by Count Wilhelm von Tübingen-Böblingen in 1253. Würt ...

, Germany :* Ulm and Neu-Ulm, Germany :Ireland :* Ballybofey and Stranorlar, in

County Donegal County Donegal ( ; ga, Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county of Ireland in the province of Ulster and in the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Donegal in the south of the county. It has also been known as County Tyrcon ...

, Ireland are often called the Twin Towns and form the

census town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...

, Ballybofey and Stranorlar :Norway :*

Fredrikstad Fredrikstad (; previously ''Frederiksstad''; literally "Fredrik's Town") is a city and municipality in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad. The city of Fredrikstad was founded in ...

and

Sarpsborg Sarpsborg ( or ), historically Borg, is a city and municipality in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg. Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neig ...

, Norway :*

Porsgrunn is a city and municipality in Telemark in the county of Vestfold og Telemark in Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Porsgrunn. The municipality of Porsgrun ...

and Skien, Norway :*

Sandnes Sandnes () is a city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It lies immediately south of Stavanger, the 4th largest city in Norway and together, the Stavanger/Sandnes area is the third-largest urban area in Norway. The urban city of Sandnes lies ...

and

Stavanger Stavanger (, , American English, US usually , ) is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Norway. It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighboring Sandnes) and the a ...

, Norway :Poland :* Bydgoszcz and Toruń, Poland :* Kalisz and

Ostrów Wielkopolski Ostrów Wielkopolski () (often abbreviated ''Ostrów Wlkp.'', formerly called simply ''Ostrów'', german: Ostrowo, Latin: ''Ostrovia'') is a city in west-central Poland with 70,982 inhabitants (2021), situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship; ...

, Poland :Portugal :*

Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropo ...

and Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal :*

Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim (, ) is a Portuguese city in Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto, from its city centre. It sits in a sandy coastal plain, a cuspate foreland, halfway between the Minho and Douro rivers. In 2001, there were 63,470 ...

and Vila do Conde, Portugal :Serbia :*

Novi Sad Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; hu, Újvidék, ; german: Neusatz; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the P ...

and

Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...

, Serbia :*

Temerin Temerin ( sr-Cyrl, Темерин; hu, Temerin, ) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina in Serbia. The town has a population of 19,613, while the municipality has a population of ...

and

Bački Jarak Bački Jarak () is a town located in the Temerin municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The town has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 5,687 people (2011 ...

, Serbia :* Zemun and New Belgrade, Serbia :Spain :* Alcobendas and San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain :*

Aldaia Aldaia () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Horta Oest in the Valencian Community, Spain. Local politics Aldaia is located in l'horta, an area known as the ''red belt'' ( es, cinturón rojo) due to its tendency to vote for left wing parties ...

and Alaquàs, Spain :* Coslada and San Fernando de Henares, Spain :* Elda and Petrer, Spain :*

Llombai Llombai is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Ribera Alta in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is a village of the Marquesat. References Municipalities in the Province of Valencia Ribera Alta (comarca) {{valencia-geo-stub ...

and Catadau, Spain :* Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain :Sweden :*

Jönköping Jönköping (, ) is a city in southern Sweden with 112,766 inhabitants (2022). Jönköping is situated on the southern shore of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern, in the province of Småland. The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipa ...

and

Huskvarna Huskvarna (; formerly spelled ''Husqvarna'') constitutes the eastern part of Jönköping, a city in the Swedish province of Småland, and has a population of about 24,000. The distance to central Jönköping is about 5 km. The name Huskva ...

, Sweden :Ukraine :*

Donetsk Donetsk ( , ; uk, Донецьк, translit=Donets'k ; russian: Донецк ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin and Stalino (see also: cities' alternative names), is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine loc ...

and Makiivka, Ukraine :United Kingdom :* Bournemouth and Poole, United Kingdom :* Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom :* Chatham and Rochester, United Kingdom :* Chester, England and Saltney, Wales :*

and Bradford, United Kingdom :*

Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...

and Salford, United Kingdom :*

Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne ( RP: , ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is ...

and

Gateshead Gateshead () is a large town in northern England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank, opposite Newcastle to which it is joined by seven bridges. The town contains the Millennium Bridge, The Sage, and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary ...

, England :*

Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...

and

Birkenhead Birkenhead (; cy, Penbedw) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England; historically, it was part of Cheshire until 1974. The town is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the south bank of the River Mersey, opposite Liv ...

, England :*

Kingston upon Hull Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a port city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber Estuary, inland from the North Sea and south- ...

and

Grimsby Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby is north-east of L ...

, England

International

:Austria–Slovakia border :*

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, Austria and Bratislava, Slovakia :Austria–Slovenia border :*

Bad Radkersburg Bad Radkersburg (; sl, Radgona; archaic hu, RegedeDivald, Kornél. 1931. ''Old Hungarian Art''. London: Oxford University Press, p. 117.) is a spa town in the southeast of the Austrian state of Styria, in the district of Südoststeiermark. G ...

, Austria and Gornja Radgona, Slovenia :Belgium–France border :* Comines, Belgium and

Comines, France Comines (; nl, Komen) is a commune of the Nord department in northern France. Geography The town of Comines sits on the Franco-Belgian border and is split into two parts: Comines (France) and Comines (Belgium), part of the municipality of Comin ...

Mouscron Mouscron (; Dutch and vls, Moeskroen, ; Picard and Walloon language, Walloon: ''Moucron'') is a city and Municipalities of Belgium, municipality of Wallonia located in the Belgium, Belgian Hainaut Province, province of Hainaut, along the border ...

, Belgium and

Tourcoing Tourcoing (; nl, Toerkonje ; vls, Terkoeje; pcd, Tourco) is a city in northern France on the Belgian border. It is designated municipally as a commune within the department of Nord. Located to the north-northeast of Lille, adjacent to Roubaix, ...

, France :*

Wervik Wervik (; french: Wervicq, ; vls, Wervik; la, Viroviacum) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Wervik and the town of Geluwe. On January 1, 2014, Wervik had a total ...

, Belgium and Wervicq-Sud, France :Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina border :* Slavonski Brod, Croatia and

Bosanski Brod Brod ( sr-cyr, Брод, ),The official web site of the municipality
, Brod/Брод.

, Bosnia and Herzegovina :Czech Republic–Poland border :* Těšín, Czech Republic and Cieszyn, Poland :Denmark–Sweden border :*

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan a ...

, Denmark and

Malmö Malmö (, ; da, Malmø ) is the largest city in the Swedish county (län) of Scania (Skåne). It is the third-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the sixth-largest city in the Nordic region, with a municipal popul ...

, Sweden :Estonia–Latvia border :* Valga, Estonia and Valka, Latvia :Estonia–Russia border :*

Narva Narva, russian: Нарва is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in Ida-Viru county, at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, on the west bank of the Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia international border. With 5 ...

, Estonia and Ivangorod, Russia :Finland–Russia border :* Imatra, Finland and Svetogorsk, Russia :Finland–Sweden border :*

, Finland and Haparanda, Sweden :France–Germany border :*

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label= Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label= Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the ...

, France and

Kehl Kehl (; gsw, label= Low Alemannic, Kaal) is a town in southwestern Germany in the Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg. It is on the river Rhine, directly opposite the French city of Strasbourg, with which it shares some municipal servicesfor exa ...

, Germany :France–Spain border :* Hendaye, France and Irun, Spain :Germany–Poland border :* Frankfurt (Oder), Germany and Słubice, Poland :* Görlitz, Germany and Zgorzelec, Poland :* Guben, Germany and Gubin, Poland :*

Heringsdorf Heringsdorf is a semi-urban municipality and a popular seaside resort on Usedom Island in Western Pomerania, Germany. It is also known by the name Kaiserbad ('' en, Imperial Spa''). The municipality was formed in January 2005 out of the former ...

, Germany and

Świnoujście Świnoujście (; german: Swinemünde ; nds, Swienemünn; all three meaning "Świna ivermouth"; csb, Swina) is a city and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland. Situated mainly on the islands ...

, Poland :Germany–Switzerland border :*

Konstanz Konstanz (, , locally: ; also written as Constance in English) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was t ...

, Germany and Kreuzlingen, Switzerland * Laufenburg (Baden), Germany and

Laufenburg,_Aargau Laufenburg is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is the seat of the district of the same name. On 1 January 2010 the municipality Sulz merged into Laufenburg. It has approximately 2000 inhabitants. On the other side of the Rhin ...

, Switzerland, separated between the

Rhine River ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...

(used to be one city until 1801/1802). :Hungary–Slovakia border :*

Esztergom Esztergom ( ; german: Gran; la, Solva or ; sk, Ostrihom, known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in northern Hungary, northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom County, on the right bank of the river ...

, Hungary and

Štúrovo Štúrovo (before 1948: ''Parkan''; hu, Párkány, german: Gockern, tr, Ciğerdelen) is a town in Slovakia, situated on the River Danube. Its population in 2018 was 10,279. The town is situated opposite the Hungarian city of Esztergom. The Má ...

, Slovakia :* Komárno, Slovakia and Komárom, Hungary :Ireland–United Kingdom border :* Strabane, Northern Ireland and

Lifford Lifford (, historically anglicised as ''Liffer'') is the county town of County Donegal, Ireland, the administrative centre of the county and the seat of Donegal County Council, although the town of Letterkenny is often mistaken as holding ...

, Ireland :Italy–Slovenia border :*

Gorizia Gorizia (; sl, Gorica , colloquially 'old Gorizia' to distinguish it from Nova Gorica; fur, label= Standard Friulian, Gurize, fur, label= Southeastern Friulian, Guriza; vec, label= Bisiacco, Gorisia; german: Görz ; obsolete English ''Gori ...

, Italy and Nova Gorica, Slovenia :The Netherlands–Germany border :* Kerkrade, The Netherlands and Herzogenrath, Germany :Spain–Gibraltar border :* La Línea de la Concepción, Spain and

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = "Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gibr ...

:Switzerland–Germany-France border :*

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (B ...

, Switzerland and

Weil am Rhein Weil am Rhein ( High Alemannic: ''Wiil am Rhii'') is a German town and commune. It is on the east bank of the River Rhine, and extends to the point at which the Swiss, French and German borders meet. It is the most southwesterly town in Germany ...

, Germany and Saint Louis, France

Historic

* Knokke and

Heist-aan-Zee Heist-aan-Zee, Heist or Heyst, is a town (formerly a municipality, until 1971) in Knokke-Heist, West Flanders, Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. T ...

. United into Knokke-Heist, Belgium. * Gradec and Kaptol. United into

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...

, Croatia. * Frýdek and Místek. United into

Frýdek-Místek Frýdek-Místek (, pl, Frydek-Mistek; german: Friede(c)k-Mistek) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 54,000 inhabitants. The historic centres of both Frýdek and Místek are well preserved and are protecte ...

, Czech Republic. * Barmen and Elberfeld, Germany. United into Wuppertal. *

West Berlin West Berlin (german: Berlin (West) or , ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War. Although West Berlin was de jure not part of West Germany, lacked any sovereignty, and was under mi ...

West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 ...

and East Berlin,

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In t ...

. United into

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

, Germany. * Buda and Pest. United into

, Hungary. * Bielsko and Biała, Poland. United into

Bielsko-Biała Bielsko-Biała (; cs, Bílsko-Bělá, german: Bielitz-Biala, szl, Bjylsko-Bjoło) is a city in southern Poland, with a population of approximately 168,319 as of December 2021, making it the 22nd largest city in Poland, and an area of . It is a ...

. *

City of London The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London f ...

and City of Westminster, England. Absorbed into

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

, United Kingdom. *

Berwick-upon-Tweed Berwick-upon-Tweed (), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census re ...

and Tweedmouth, until the former was taken by England from Scotland.

Oceania

and Wodonga,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...

* Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia * Darwin and

Palmerston Palmerston may refer to: People * Christie Palmerston (c. 1851–1897), Australian explorer * Several prominent people have borne the title of Viscount Palmerston ** Henry Temple, 1st Viscount Palmerston (c. 1673–1757), Irish nobleman and ...

, Australia * Forster and Tuncurry, Australia * Gold Coast and Tweed Heads, Australia * Harden and Murrumburrah, Australia * Kalgoorlie and Boulder, Australia * Napier and

Hastings Hastings () is a large seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England, east to the county town of Lewes and south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place to the north-west ...

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island coun ...

Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...

and Fremantle, Australia * Townsville and

Thuringowa Thuringowa Central is a suburb of Townsville in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the Thuringowa Central had a population of 2,023 people. Geography Shaped like an inverted letter "T", Thuringowa Central consists of residen ...

, Australia

Tri-cities

:Australia :*

Brisbane Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland, and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million. Brisbane lies at the centre of the South ...

; Gold Coast; and

Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast may refer to: * Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia **Sunshine Coast Region, a local government area of Queensland named after the region **Sunshine Coast Stadium * Sunshine Coast (British Columbia), geographic subregion of the Br ...

, Queensland, Australia — see South East Queensland :*

Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mounta ...

;

Wollongong Wollongong ( ), colloquially referred to as The Gong, is a city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The name is believed to originate from the Dharawal language, meaning either 'five islands/clouds', 'ground near w ...

; and Newcastle, Australia in the geological region known as the

Sydney Basin The Sydney Basin is an interim Australian bioregion and is both a structural entity and a depositional area, now preserved on the east coast of New South Wales, Australia and with some of its eastern side now subsided beneath the Tasman Sea ...

:Canada :* The Tri-cities of British Columbia consist of Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, and Port Moody :* The Tri-citites of Kitchener; Waterloo; and

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

, Ontario, Canada, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the K-W Tri-City Area :* Tri-Town, Ontario, Canada -

Cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, p ...

, Haileybury and New Liskeard :China :*

Xiamen Xiamen ( , ; ), also known as Amoy (, from Hokkien pronunciation ), is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian, People's Republic of China, beside the Taiwan Strait. It is divided into six districts: Huli, Siming, Jimei, Tong' ...

, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Fujian :India :*

Chandigarh Chandigarh () is a planned city in India. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It constitutes the bulk of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which al ...

; Mohali; and Panchkula, India :*

; Amaravati; and Guntur, India :*

Warangal Warangal () is a city in the Indian state of Telangana and the district headquarters of Warangal district. It is the second largest city in Telangana with a population of 704,570 per 2011 Census of India, and spreading over an . Warangal ser ...

; Hanamkonda; Kazipet in India — see Warangal Tri-City :Japan :*

;

; Kobe - see Keihanshin :Malaysia :*

Parit Buntar Parit Buntar ( Jawi: ڤاريت بونتر) is a town in Kerian District, Perak, Malaysia. It is bordering to Nibong Tebal in Penang and Bandar Baharu in Kedah.It is also the district capital of Kerian District. This district is known as th ...

, Perak; Nibong Tebal, Penang; and

Bandar Baharu The Bandar Baharu District (colloquially ''Bandaq Baqhu'' or ''Bandaq Baru''; once proposed to be renamed as Bandar Crustacea) is a town, district and state assembly constituency at the southernmost end of Kedah, Malaysia. Bandar Baharu is locat ...

, Kedah :Mexico :* Guadalajara;

Tlaquepaque Tlaquepaque (), officially San Pedro Tlaquepaque, is a city and the surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. Geography During the 20th century, it was absorbed by the outward spread of the state capital, and is now a fully in ...

; Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico :Nepal :*

Bhaktapur , motto = ne, पुर्खले सिर्जेको सम्पत्ती, हाम्रो कला र संस्कृति , lit=Creation of our ancestors, our heritage and culture , image_map ...

;

Kathmandu , pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal#Asia , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Province , subdivision_name1 = Bagmati Prov ...

; and Patan, Nepal :* Tricity, Nepal, consisting of the cities of Baglung, Beni and Kushma :Philippines :*

Cebu City Cebu City, officially the City of Cebu ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Sugbo; fil, Lungsod ng Cebu; hil, Dakbanwa sang Sugbo), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines and capital of the Cebu Province. Ac ...

; Mandaue; and Lapu-Lapu City, the Philippines :Poland :* Gdańsk; Gdynia; and Sopot, Poland — see Tricity, Poland :* Wejherowo; Rumia; and Reda, Poland — see

Kashubian Tricity Little Kashubian Tricity ( pl, Małe Trójmiasto Kaszubskie, csb, Môłi Kaszëbsczi Trójgard) is a name used for an urban area in northern Poland comprising the three towns of Rumia, Reda and Wejherowo, located in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian ...

:Saudi Arabia :* The Dammam metropolitan area, consisting of Dammam; Dhahran; and Khobar, Saudi Arabia :South Africa :* The metropolitan municipalities of

, Tshwane (

) and Ekurhuleni (

East Rand The East Rand is the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation in South Africa. The region extends from Alberton in the west to Nigel in the east, and south down to Nigel. It includ ...

Province :* Gqeberha ( Port Elizabeth), Kariega ( Uitenhage) and Despatch in

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality ( af, Nelson Mandelabaai Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; xh, uMasipala wase Nelson Mandela Bay or ''uMasipala waseBhayi'') is one of eight metropolitan municipalities (also called Category A municipalities) in S ...

, Eastern Cape Province :* East London,

Bhisho Bhisho (formerly Bisho) is the capital of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. The Office of the Premier, Provincial Legislature and many other government departments are headquartered in the town. The town, three kilometres from Qonce and ...

and

Qonce Qonce, formerly known as King William's Town, is a city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the banks of the Buffalo River. The city is about northwest of the Indian Ocean port of East London. Qonce, with a population of aro ...

( King William's Town) in

Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Buffalo City is a metropolitan municipality situated on the east coast of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It includes the towns of East London, Bhisho and Qonce, as well as the large townships of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha. History The mun ...

, Eastern Cape Province :Sudan :*

Khartoum Khartoum or Khartum ( ; ar, الخرطوم, Al-Khurṭūm, din, Kaartuɔ̈m) is the capital of Sudan. With a population of 5,274,321, its metropolitan area is the largest in Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing n ...

;

North Khartoum Khartoum North or Khartoum Bahri ( ar, الخرطوم بحري, al-Kharṭūm Baḥrī) is a city in Khartoum State, lying to the north of Khartoum city, the capital of Sudan. It is located on the north bank of the Blue Nile and the east bank of t ...

; and Omdurman, Sudan :Sweden :*

Stockholm Stockholm () is the capital and largest city of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people live in the municipality, with 1.6 million in the urban area, and 2.4 million in the metropo ...

; Solna; and Sundbyberg, Sweden :* Trollhättan; Uddevalla; and Vänersborg, Sweden :United Arab Emirates :* The

Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman (DSA) is a metropolitan area in the United Arab Emirates. It consists of the combined urban areas of Dubai, Ajman, and Sharjah. The urban areas at the northeast end of Dubai flow into those of Sharjah, which in turn are contigu ...

, consisting of

Dubai Dubai (, ; ar, wikt:دبي, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the List of cities in the United Arab Emirates#Major cities, most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 ...

;

Sharjah Sharjah (; ar, ٱلشَّارقَة ', Gulf Arabic: ''aš-Šārja'') is the third-most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, after Dubai and Abu Dhabi, forming part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area. Sharjah is the capital ...

; and

Ajman Ajman ( ar, عجمان, '; Gulf Arabic: عيمان ʿymān) is the capital of the emirate of Ajman in the United Arab Emirates. It is the fifth-largest city in UAE after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Al Ain. Located along the Persian Gulf, ...

, United Arab Emirates :United States :* Burbank;

Glendale Glendale is the anglicised version of the Gaelic Gleann Dail, which means ''valley of fertile, low-lying arable land''. It may refer to: Places Australia *Glendale, New South Wales ** Stockland Glendale, a shopping centre * Glendale, Queensland, ...

; and Pasadena, in Los Angeles County, California, United States :* Fremont; Newark; and Union City, in

Alameda County, California Alameda County ( ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. ...

, United States :* Oceanside; Vista; and Carlsbad, in San Diego County, California, United States :* Riverside; San Bernardino; and

, California, United States, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Inland Empire :* San Jose;

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17t ...

; and Oakland, California, United States :* College Park; East Point; and

Hapeville, Georgia Hapeville is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, United States, that is 2.5 square miles wide. Hapeville is located inside I-285 between the city of Atlanta to its North and the Atlanta International Airport to its south. The population was 6,553 ...

, United States, all of which are near

Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport , also known as Atlanta Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport, Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield, Hartsfield–Jackson and, formerly, as the Atlanta Municipal Airport, is the primary internatio ...

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situa ...

; Batavia; and St. Charles, in

Kane County, Illinois Kane County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 515,269, making it the fifth-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Geneva, and its largest city is Aurora. Kane County ...

, United States, also known as Tri-Cities, Illinois :* Bay City; Saginaw; and Midland, Michigan, United States, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Greater Tri Cities, the Great Lakes Bay Region or the MBS region :* Ferrysburg; Grand Haven; and Spring Lake, Michigan, United States :* Iron River, Caspian, and Gaastra, Michigan, United States :*

Ironwood Ironwood is a common name for many woods or plants that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is heavier than water (approximately 1000 kg/m3, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in ...

; Bessemer; and

Wakefield Wakefield is a cathedral city in West Yorkshire, England located on the River Calder. The city had a population of 99,251 in the 2011 census.https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks101ew Census 2011 table KS101EW Usual resident population, ...

, Michigan, United States :* Grand Island; Kearney; and

, in south-central Nebraska, United States, also known as Tri-Cities, Nebraska :* Rochester;

Dover Dover () is a town and major ferry port in Kent, South East England. It faces France across the Strait of Dover, the narrowest part of the English Channel at from Cap Gris Nez in France. It lies south-east of Canterbury and east of Maids ...

; and Somersworth, New Hampshire, United States :* Farmington; Bloomfield; and Aztec, New Mexico, United States :* Albany, Troy, and

Schenectady Schenectady () is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city's population of 67,047 made it the state's ninth-largest city by population. The city is in eastern New Y ...

, New York, United States, in the region known as the

Capital District A capital district, capital region or capital territory is normally a specially designated administrative division where a country's seat of government is located. As such, in a federal model of government, no state or territory has any poli ...

Binghamton Binghamton () is a City (New York), city in the United States, U.S. state of New York (state), New York, and serves as the county seat of Broome County, New York, Broome County. Surrounded by rolling hills, it lies in the state's Southern Tier reg ...

; Endicott; and Johnson City, New York, United States, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the

Triple Cities The Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area, also called Greater Binghamton or the Triple Cities, is a region of southern Upstate New York in the northeastern United States, anchored by the city of Binghamton. The MSA encompasses Broome an ...

:* New York, New York; Newark; and Jersey City, New Jersey, United States :* Greensboro;

; and High Point, North Carolina, United States, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the

Piedmont Triad The Piedmont Triad (or simply the Triad) is a metropolitan region in the north-central part of the U.S. state of North Carolina anchored by three cities: Greensboro, Winston-Salem, and High Point. This close group of cities lies in the Piedmo ...

; Durham; and

Chapel Hill Chapel Hill or Chapelhill may refer to: Places Antarctica * Chapel Hill (Antarctica) Australia *Chapel Hill, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane *Chapel Hill, South Australia, in the Mount Barker council area Canada *Chapel Hill, Ottawa, a neighbou ...

, North Carolina, United States, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the

Research Triangle The Research Triangle, or simply The Triangle, are both common nicknames for a metropolitan area in the Piedmont region of North Carolina in the United States, anchored by the cities of Raleigh and Durham and the town of Chapel Hill, home to ...

:* Tuttle; Newcastle; and Blanchard, Oklahoma, United States, also known as the Tri-City Area :* Johnson City; Kingsport; and Bristol, Tennessee/ Bristol, Virginia, United States, also known as Tri-Cities, Tennessee :* Beaumont; Port Arthur; and

Orange, Texas Orange is a city and the county seat of Orange County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 19,324. It is the easternmost city in Texas, located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, and is from Hous ...

, United States, also known as the Golden Triangle (Texas) :*

; Fort Worth; and Arlington, Texas, United States :* Petersburg; Colonial Heights; and Hopewell, Virginia, United States, also known as Tri-Cities, Virginia :* Pasco; Richland; and Kennewick, Washington, United States, also known as Tri-Cities, Washington

Quad cities

:China :*

Xinhui Xinhui, alternately romanized as Sunwui and also known as Kuixiang, is an urban district of Jiangmen in Guangdong, China. It grew from a separate city founded at the confluence of the Tan and West Rivers. It has a population of about 735,50 ...

, Taishan, Kaiping, and Enping together formed Siyi area in

Jiangmen Jiangmen (), alternately romanized in Cantonese as Kongmoon, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province in southern China. As of the 2020 census, its three urban districts, plus Heshan City being conurbated, with 2,657,662 inhabitant ...

Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...

:Finland :*

Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...

Espoo Espoo (, ; sv, Esbo) is a city and municipality in the region of Uusimaa in the Republic of Finland. It is located on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, bordering the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, Kirkkonummi, Vihti and Nurmijärv ...

Kauniainen Kauniainen (; sv, Grankulla) is a small town and a municipality of inhabitants () in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. It is surrounded and enclaved by the City of Espoo, in the Capital Region of Greater Helsinki. Kauniainen was fou ...

and Vantaa in

Uusimaa Uusimaa (; sv, Nyland, ; both lit. 'new land') is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme), and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, ...

, Finland; together form the largest metropolis in the country and its actual capital area. :Thailand :* Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Area consists of the City of Pattaya, Town of Chonburi, Portal town of Laem Chabang and Town of Sattahip on the west coast of Chonburi Province, Thailand :United Kingdom :* The West Yorkshire Built-up Area consists of the cities of

, Bradford and Wakefield, and the large town of Huddersfield, United Kingdom. :United States :* The Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area in Alabama, United States, is locally referred to as "the Quad Cities", with Florence, Alabama, Florence, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, Muscle Shoals, Sheffield, Alabama, Sheffield, and Tuscumbia, Alabama, Tuscumbia, Alabama. Formerly, when Muscle Shoals was a mere village, this region was known as "Tri-Cities", Alabama. In fact, all except Florence are incorporated as towns. :* Quad Cities of Davenport, Iowa, Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, Bettendorf, Iowa, and Rock Island, Illinois, Rock Island and Moline, Illinois, Moline, Illinois, United States. It also includes a fifth member, East Moline, Illinois. :* Allentown/Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and Easton, Pennsylvania/Phillipsburg, New Jersey, United States; the collective area is often called the Lehigh Valley :* The Quad Cities (Minnesota), Quad Cities of Minnesota, United States, consist of Virginia, Minnesota, Virginia, Eveleth, Minnesota, Eveleth, Gilbert, Minnesota, Gilbert, and Mountain Iron, Minnesota, Mountain Iron. :* The cities of Pullman, Washington, Moscow, Idaho, Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkston, Washington, United States, have marketed themselves as "Quad Cities."

More than four cities

:Denmark :* The Triangle Region (Denmark), consisting of Billund Municipality, Billund, Fredericia Municipality, Fredericia, Haderslev Municipality, Haderslev, Kolding Municipality, Kolding, Middelfart Municipality, Middelfart, Vejen Municipality, Vejen and Vejle Municipality, Vejle, Denmark. :Germany :* The Ruhr district (Germany): consisting of Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, Bochum, Oberhausen, Mülheim, Bottrop, Gelsenkirchen and Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Herne in its core. :India :* In India: the cities of New Delhi,

, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad have formed a huge metropolitan area known as National Capital Region (India). :Malaysia :* In Malaysia: the cities of Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Puchong, Shah Alam, Klang (city), Klang, Port Klang, Putrajaya, Cyberjaya, and Kajang have formed a huge metropolitan area (around the size of Singapore) known as Greater Kuala Lumpur. :Kazakhstan :* In Kazakhstan: the cities of Karaganda, Temirtau, Shakhtinsk, Abai (city), Abai, Saran, Kazakhstan, Saran, Topar, Dolinka, Kazakhstan, Dolinka, Shahan, Kazakhstan, Shahan, Kokpekty, and Novodolinsky form an industrial-mining area known since Soviet times as Karbass (Karaganda coal basin). :United States :* In the US states of Illinois and Iowa: The cities of Davenport, Iowa, Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, Bettendorf in Iowa; Rock Island, Illinois, Rock Island, Moline, Illinois, Moline and East Moline, Illinois, East Moline in Illinois form a metropolitan area known as the Quad Cities. :* The Michiana area, in the states of Indiana and Michigan, consisting of the cities of South Bend, Indiana, South Bend, Mishawaka, Indiana, Mishawaka, Elkhart, Indiana, Elkhart, Granger, Indiana, Granger, Michigan City, Indiana, Michigan City, Goshen, Indiana, Goshen, La Porte, Indiana, La Porte (Indiana), New Buffalo, Michigan, New Buffalo, Buchanan, Michigan, Buchanan, Niles, Michigan, Niles, Berrien Springs, Michigan, Berrien Springs, St. Joseph, Michigan, St. Joseph, Benton Harbor, Michigan, Benton Harbor, and Dowagiac, Michigan, Dowagiac (Michigan) :* In the US states of Michigan and Wisconsin sit the 6 cities of Iron Mountain, Michigan, Iron Mountain, Kingsford, Michigan, Kingsford, Quinnesec, Michigan, Quinnesec, Norway, Michigan, Norway (in Michigan), Aurora, Florence County, Wisconsin, Aurora, and Niagara, Wisconsin, Niagara (in Wisconsin). The area is collectively known as the Iron Mountain micropolitan area, Iron Mountain Area. :* In the US state of Virginia: Norfolk, Virginia, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Virginia, Chesapeake, Hampton, Virginia, Hampton, Newport News, Virginia, Newport News, Portsmouth, Virginia, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach; the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called Hampton Roads

Examples of cities formed by amalgamation

Asia

:China :* Wuhan in China consists of the towns of Wuchang, Hankou District, Hankou, and Hanyang in Hubei Province. :India :* Delhi, India: What used to be Old Delhi, New Delhi, and a collection of smaller villages has now grown into the current megalopolis that is seen today, also known as the National Capital Region (India), National Capital Region (NCR) :* In Telangana, India, the cities of

and Secunderabad are merged to form Greater Hyderabad. :Japan :* Fukuoka in Japan, a city of 1.4 million people, formerly the twin cities of Hakata and Fukuoka until the late 19th century. :* Kitakyushu in Japan, a city of 900,000 people, created in 1963 by the merger of Yahata, Kokura, Moji, Wakamatsu, and Tobata. Yahata and Kokura had formerly been major cities in their own right. :* Saitama, Saitama, Saitama in Japan, a city of 1.2 million people, created in 2001 by the merger of the cities of Urawa, Omiya, Yono, and later Iwatsuki. Urawa and Omiya could formerly have been considered twin cities. :Pakistan :*

, the capital city of

, has been expanded to include smaller towns including Rawat, Murree, Rawat in its territory. :* Lahore, the second largest city of

, has, as of 2013, grown out so much that small towns by this giant city, such as Shahdara Bagh, Shahdara, have been absorbed in its city limits. :Taiwan :* The former cities of Taoyuan District, Taoyuan and Zhongli District, Zhongli, Taiwan, which merged along with the entire county in 2014 to form a single municipality city of Taoyuan, the two cities sit directly next to each other and shares almost the same population. :Thailand :*

, the capital and largest city of Thailand, was created in 1971, when the previous Bangkok province (Phra Nakhon) was merged with Thonburi province. :Vietnam :* The cities of Saigon and Cholon merged in 1931 to form a single city named Saigon-Cholon; in 1956, the name Cholon was dropped and the city became known as Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam.

Europe

:Germany :*

(Berlin and Cölln), in Germany :* Duisburg (Duisburg and Hamborn, 1929–1935 called ''Duisburg-Hamborn''), in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany :* Wuppertal ( Barmen and Elberfeld), in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany :Greece :* Athens incorporated dozens of villages and towns and absorbed whole of Athens basin and parts outside of it, notably Piraeus. :Hungary :*

, Hungary is the amalgamation of Buda, Pest and Óbuda. :The Netherlands :* Eindhoven, the Netherlands, merged with five neighbouring municipalities (Woensel, Tongelre, Stratum, Gestel en Blaarthem and Strijp) into the new Groot-Eindhoven ("Greater Eindhoven") in 1920. The prefix "Groot-" was later dropped. :Spain :* Madrid, Spain, evolved by absorption of other towns (like Tetuán de las Victorias, Vallecas, Chamartín de la Rosa or Aravaca) :United Kingdom :* Edinburgh, Scotland, absorbed a number of surrounding villages, but most notably the separate burgh of Leith. :*

, England, grew from its cores in the

and the City of Westminster to encompass many other towns and villages within neighbouring counties and absorbed almost the whole of Middlesex, Middlesex county. :*

and the city of Salford, England in the Metropolitan Counties of England, Metropolitan County of Greater Manchester (formerly in Lancashire). :* Stoke-on-Trent, England was created in 1910 from the towns of Burslem, Hanley, Staffordshire, Hanley, Tunstall, Staffordshire, Tunstall, Longton, Staffordshire, Longton, Fenton, Staffordshire, Fenton and Stoke-upon-Trent, Stoke, taking its name from the latter. Neighbouring Newcastle-under-Lyme remains a separate town.

North America

:Canada :* Port Alberni, British Columbia, Canada, was formed in 1967 when Alberni and Port Alberni, merged to become one city. :* Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, amalgamated with Subdivisions of Winnipeg#Unicity, 12 surrounding municipalities and its Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, metropolitan corporation in 1971 under what was referred to as Amalgamation of Winnipeg, unicity reforms in local government restructuring. :* City of Halifax, Halifax and Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, were merged in 1996 along with Bedford, Nova Scotia, Bedford and Halifax County, Nova Scotia, Halifax County to create the Halifax Regional Municipality. :* Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, was formed in 2001 by the amalgamation of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, comprising the municipalities of Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury, Sudbury, Nickel Centre, Valley East, Capreol, Rayside-Balfour, Onaping Falls and Walden, Ontario, Walden, plus a number of previously unamalgamated townships. The amalgamation made it the most populous city in the Northern Ontario region. :* Kingston, Ontario, Canada, was amalgamated in 1998 with the neighboring Kingston and Pittsburgh Townships. :* Ottawa,

, Canada, was given its large area by the amalgamation in 2001 of the old Ottawa, City of Ottawa, the suburbs of Nepean, Ontario, Nepean, Kanata, Ontario, Kanata, Gloucester, Ontario, Gloucester, Rockcliffe Park, Ontario, Rockcliffe Park, Vanier, Ontario, Vanier and Cumberland, Ontario (city), Cumberland, Orleans, Ontario, Orleans, and the rural townships of West Carleton Township, Ontario, West Carleton, Osgoode Township, Ontario, Osgoode, Rideau Township, Ontario, Rideau, and Goulbourn Township, Ontario, Goulbourn :* Toronto, Ontario, Canada, formed by an Amalgamation of Toronto, amalgamation of the Old Toronto with East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough, Toronto, Scarborough and York, Toronto, York, which were themselves products of earlier amalgamations. :*

, Canada (Fort William, Ontario, Fort William and Port Arthur, Ontario, Port Arthur). :* Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, formed by the amalgamation of the old Gatineau, City of Gatineau, Hull, Quebec, City of Hull, Aylmer, Quebec, City of Aylmer, Buckingham, Quebec, City of Buckingham and the Masson-Angers, Municipality of Masson-Angers all facing the Ottawa, City of Ottawa,

from the north shore of the Ottawa River. :* Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was merged with the other 27 communities on the Island of Montreal by an act in the Quebec Parliament in 2002. Following a change in the provincial government, several communities later voted via referendum to de-merge and there are now a total of 15, leaving Montreal merged with the other 12. :* Saguenay, Quebec, Canada (Chicoutimi, Jonquière, et al.) :* Lloydminster, Canada, on the

border, was formed as a single entity in 1903, when both future provinces were part of the Northwest Territories, but was divided into two separate entities in 1905 because the border between the newly created provinces bisected the community. In 1930, the two towns were reunited as a single town under the shared jurisdiction of both provinces, and Lloydminster was reincorporated as a single city in 1958. :United States :* Helena–West Helena, Arkansas was formed in 2006 by the merger of the previous cities of Helena, Arkansas, Helena and West Helena, Arkansas, West Helena. :* Fremont, California was formed in 1956 by the combination of the five towns of Centerville, Irvington, Niles, Mission San Jose, and Warm Springs, California. The town of Newark has always refused to merge into Fremont, and Newark is completely surrounded by Fremont. :* Boston, Boston, Massachusetts is made up of the former towns of Boston, Dorchester, Brighton, Roxbury, Charlestown, and Hyde Park. :* Iron River, Michigan absorbed the nearby city of Stambaugh, Michigan, Stambaugh and village of Mineral Hills, Michigan, Mineral Hills in July 2000. :*

, Minnesota. St. Anthony (not to be confused with St. Anthony Village, Minnesota, St. Anthony Village, a modern city which is a suburb) was a twin city to Minneapolis in the two cities' youth. Minneapolis annexed St. Anthony in the late 1800s. :* Park Hills, Missouri was formed in 1994 by a four-way municipal merger involving the cities of Flat River, Elvins, and Esther, plus the village of Rivermines. :* Jersey City, New Jersey, was incorporated in 1820, and slowly grew by annexing surrounding municipalities: Van Vorst Twp. (1851), Bergen City (1869), Hudson City (1869), Bergen Twp. (1869) and finally Greenville Twp. (1873). :*

, New York (five boroughs, historically especially between Manhattan and Brooklyn) :* What is now the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina was once two separate towns called Winston and Salem that were combined into one. :* Cleveland (Cleveland and Ohio City, Cleveland, Ohio City) in Ohio :* Lincoln City, Oregon was formed in 1965 by merging the extant seaside towns of Oceanlake, Delake, and Taft, with the adjoining unincorporated areas of Nelscott and Cutler City. :*

, which absorbed the cities of South Bethlehem, and West Bethlehem. The former Bethlehem and South Bethlehem are situated in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Northampton County, and West Bethlehem is in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, Lehigh County. As a result, present-day Bethlehem straddles the county line. :* Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, annexed Allegheny, Pennsylvania, Allegheny City, which is now the North Side (Pittsburgh), quarter of the city that lies north of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers. Also annexed was Birmingham, now referred to as the "South Side". :* Richmond, Virginia, Richmond (Richmond and Manchester, Virginia, Manchester) in central Virginia :* Bellingham, Washington was formed from four cities, Fairhaven, Washington, Fairhaven, Sehome, Bellingham and Whatcom.

Fictional twin cities

* Ankh-Morpork, from Terry Pratchett's ''Discworld'' novels, is referred to as "the twin cities of proud Ankh and pestilent Morpork" * Besźel and Ul Qoma in China Miéville's novel ''The City & the City'' are intertwined twin city-states in Eastern Europe whose inhabitants have trained themselves to only see the city they live in and unsee the city they don't. * Central City (DC Comics), Central City and Keystone City, from the current Flash (DC Comics character), ''Flash'' comics, are shown as twin cities. Before the 1985-86 miniseries ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'', Central and Keystone are presented as located in the same space but on different Parallel universe (fiction), parallel Earths. * Duckburg and St. Canard were depicted in the cartoon ''Darkwing Duck'' as sister cities connected by a bridge, very similar to Oakland and

. * Gotham City (the home of Batman) and Metropolis (comics), Metropolis (the home of Superman) have sometimes been presented as twin cities, mainly in 1970s and 1980s stories by DC Comics. In stories presenting them as twin cities, Gotham City and Metropolis are located on opposite sides of a large bay (identified as Delaware Bay in 1990's ''The Atlas of the DC Universe''), with both cities linked by the Metro-Narrows Bridge, a suspension bridge resembling New York City's Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. * Helium, from the ''Barsoom'' series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs, consists of the twin cities Greater Helium and Lesser Helium.Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1917). ''A Princess of Mars''. A. C. McClurg, A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 279–80, 305, 313–14.

Notes

References

{{Cities Twin cities,

Examples

Africa

Ghana

Zambia / Zimbabwe

South Africa

International

North America

Canada

United States

International

Historic

South America

Argentina

Brazil

Chile

Peru

Venezuela

Asia

Current

Historic

Europe

Current

International

Historic

Oceania

Tri-cities

Quad cities

More than four cities

Examples of cities formed by amalgamation

Asia

Europe

North America

Fictional twin cities

See also

Notes

References