The history of modern Turkish painting can be traced back to the modernization efforts in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

during the Tanzimat period, in the 19th century. This article contains a brief history of Turkish painters and art movements from the mid-19th century to the present.

Mid-19th century to early 20th century

Turkish

painting Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...

, in the

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

sense, developed actively starting from the mid 19th century. * Ferik İbrahim Paşa (1815–1891) * Osman Nuri Paşa (c.1839–1906) *

Osman Hamdi Bey Osman Hamdi Bey (30 December 1842, in Istanbul 24 February 1910) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman administrator, intellectual, art expert and also a prominent and pioneering painter. He was also an accomplished archaeologist, and is regarded as th ...

(1842–1910) * Şeker Ahmet Paşa (1841–1907) * Halil Paşa (c.1857–1939) * Hoca Ali Riza (1864–1939) The very first painting lessons were scheduled at the Mühendishane-i Berri-i Humayun (Military School of Engineering) in 1793 mostly for technical purposes. Artists who formed the 19th-century art milieu were often from Ottoman military schools. Additionally, local Christian and "

Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is ...

ine" artists, as well as foreign painters who lived in

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

and other parts of the Ottoman Empire, contributed to the art milieu in 19th century Turkey. Some Turkish artists, such as

, Şeker Ahmet Paşa, Süleyman Seyyid and Halil Paşa were educated in arts abroad. Others, such as Hüseyin Zekai Paşa, Hoca Ali Riza, and

Ahmet Ziya Akbulut Ahmet Ziya Akbulut (27 June 1869, Constantinople - 17 April 1938, Istanbul) was a Turkish landscape and architectural painter. Biography He attended Kuleli Military High School, then went to the Turkish Military Academy and studied art with Osma ...

were educated within the country. File:Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_Two_Musician_Girls_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Two Musician Girls by

File:Osman Hamdi Bey - The Tortoise Trainer - Google Art Project.jpg, The Tortoise Trainer by Osman Hamdi Bey, 1906 File:Osman_hamdy_bey,_vecchio_davanti_alle_tombe_di_bambini,_1903.JPG, Work by Osman Hamdi Bey File:Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_Arzuhalci_,_Public_Scribe_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg, Arzuhalci by Osman Hamdi Bey MimosalıKadın.jpg, Woman with Mimosa by Osman Hamdi Bey Boywearingafez.jpg, Boy Wearing a Fez (1882) by Osman Hamdi Bey File:OttomanNavy.jpg, Ottoman Navy at

Ortaköy Ortaköy ( ''Middle Village)'' is a neighbourhood within the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European shore of the Bosphorus. it was originally a small fishing village, known in Greek as Agios Fokas (Άγιος Φωκάς) in t ...

in Painting Museum of

Dolmabahçe Palace Dolmabahçe Palace ( tr, Dolmabahçe Sarayı, ) located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Bosporus strait, served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 t ...

HamdiKenan.jpg, Landscape by Hamdi Kenan (19th century)

The "1914 Generation"

Nazmi Ziya Güran Nazmi Ziya Güran (1881 – 11 September 1937) was a Turkish Impressionist painter and art teacher. Biography He was born in Istanbul. His father was a civil servant. He attended Vefa Lisesi, Turkey's first non-military high school,Mihri Müşfik Hanım Mihri Müşfik Hanım ( ota, مهری مشفیق خانم; born Mihri Rasim Achba; 26 February 1886 – 1954) was an Abkhazian princess and painter who became one of the first and most renowned female painters in Turkey. She was recognized espe ...

, and

Feyhaman Duran Feyhaman Duran (Sept. 17, 1886 – May 6, 1970) was a Turkish artist. Biography He was born in Istanbul in 1886. After graduating from Galatasaray High School, he was sent to Paris by Halim Paşa to study painting. He became a student of Jean- ...

were the first instructors. A studio was built with army support in

Şişli Şişli () is one of the 39 districts of Istanbul, Turkey. Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. In 2009, Şiş ...

, a district of Istanbul, with Celal Esat Arseven's attempt in 1917.

Hüseyin Avni Lifij Hüseyin Avni Lifij (1886, Ladik - 2 June 1927, Istanbul) was a Turkish impressionist painter of Circassian origin. He is best known for landscapes with architectural features. Biography His family emigrated from Sochi to Ladik during the Grea ...

's "''Progress''" and "''War Allegory''",

İbrahim Çallı İbrahim Çallı (13 July 1882 in Çal – 22 May 1960 in İstanbul) was a Turkish painter. He is popularly known as Çallı İbrahim. Biography İbrahim Çallı was born in Çal, Denizli. He showed early interest in painting during his primary ...

's "''Cannon Carrier''",

Mehmet Ruhi Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, محمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muh ...

's "''Stone Breakers''" were the first examples of multi-figured and large dimensional compositions realised prior to and following this period. File:Group of Painters by Feyhaman Duran.jpg, Group of Painters (1921) by Feyhaman Duran (1896 - 1970) File:Nazmi Ziya Güran - Şezlongda Pembeli Kadın , Lady in Pink on a Chaise Longue - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Lady in Pink on a Chaise Longue'' (1904) File:Mehmet Ruhi Arel.jpg, Model for a Male Body by Mehmet Ruhi Arel (1880 - 1931) File:Portrait of Marashall Fevzi Çakmak.jpg, Portrait of Marashall Fevzi Çakmak by Hüseyin Avni Lifij File:Ali Avni Celebi.jpg, Maskeli Balo (1928) by Ali Avni Çelebi File:Namık İsmail.jpg, Woman Reclining on the Couch (Contemplation) by Namık İsmail (1917) File:İbrahim Çallı.jpg, Portrait of a Woman by İbrahim Çallı (1882 - 1960)

The Independents (Müstakiller)

The young Turkish artists sent to Europe in 1926 came back inspired by contemporary trends such as Fauvism, Cubism and even Expressionism, still very influential in Europe, and they took a stand against the "1914 Generation" members. The important goals of this new group were, though not very absolute, pictorial design structure and linear foundation rather than impressionist colorism. The activities of the group, under the name of "Association of Independent Painters and Sculptors", expanded with the participation of new artists in 1928. The association's founders were mostly painters, such as: * Hale Asaf (1905–1938) * Muhittin Sebati (1901–1932) * Ratip Aşir Acudoğlu (1898–1957), sculptor File:Hale Asaf Otoportre.JPG, Self-portrait of Hale Asaf (1905–1938) NamıkIsmail.jpg, Portrait: Standing Woman (1927) by Namık Ismail (1890 - 1935) CemilCem1.jpg, Details of Veli Efendi Meadow by Cemil Cem (1882 - 1950) CemilCem2.jpg, Details of Veli Efendi Meadow by Cemil Cem (1882 - 1950)

During the 30s

Halil_Dikmen.jpg, Peasant Women by Halil Dikmen (1906 - 1982) TurgutZaim.jpg, Triptych: Doğu ve Batı Halkının Atatürk'e Şükranı (1933) by Turgut Zaim (1906 - 1974) TurgutZaim2.jpg, Triptych: Doğu ve Batı Halkının Atatürk'e Şükranı (1933) by Turgut Zaim (1906 - 1974) Melek_Celal_Sofu.jpg, Woman Taking Floor at the Old Grand National Assembly in 1936 painted by a female artist Melek Celal Sofu (1896 - 1976) File:Portraitofawoman.jpg, Portrait of a woman by Nevin Edhem Hamdi (1910 - 1931) The painter died of Tuberculosis at the age of 21.

"The Group D"

While the ''Müstakiller'' (the "Independents") opened the doors of contemporary trends in Turkey, we see a newly founded group in 1933 which would give greater support to these efforts and of which their effectiveness lasted until the 1950s: "Group D". Group members were: *

Abidin Dino Abidin Dino (23 March 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a Turkish artist and a well-known painter. Early years Dino was born on 23 March 1913 in Istanbul into an art-loving family. He was grandchild of Abedin Dino, Albanian descended Ottoman dipl ...

(1913–1993) The most significant distinction of "Group D" from the "Independents" was perhaps that they had gathered around a certain aesthetics with solidarity in determination to defend the new trends they wanted to bring in. "Group D" had not been representative of any particular view. They were open to anything new except Impressionism. The star of the Çallı generation faded away gradually after the "Independents" and "Group D" members had started to work at the Academy. *

Cemal Tollu Cemal Tollu (19 April 1899 – 26 July 1968) was a Turkish painter. He served in the Turkish War of Independence as a cavalry lieutenant. and witnessed the Fire of Manisa. In 1933 he founded the " D Group" with several other painters who were ...

(1899–1968) * Bedri Rahmi Eyuboğlu (1911–1975) Besides all this progress, from the beginning there had also been independent artists. Among these *

Fikret Mualla Fikret is a given name and may refer to: * Fikret Abdić (born 1939), Bosnian politician and businessman * Fikret Alić, Bosniak survivor of the 1992 Keraterm and Trnopolje concentration camps * Fikret Amirov (1922-1984),Azerbaijani composer * Fi ...

Adnan Coker Adnan Coker (; 20 October 1927 – 22 August 2022) was a Turkish abstract artist.)(English mention states "Turkish artists such as abstract masters Devrim Erbil and Adnan Coker") Coker was born in Süleymaniye in Istanbul on 20 October 1927. He ...

(born 1927) * Fahrunissa Zeid (1901–1991) *

Burhan Doğançay Burhan C. Doğançay (11 September 1929 – 16 January 2013) was a Turkish-American artist. Doğançay is best known for tracking walls in various cities across the world for half a century, integrating them in his artistic work. Biography ...

(1929–2013) File:Yahsi_baraz.jpg, Yahşi Baraz in front of Burhan Doğançay's work

The Newcomers Group (Yeniler Grubu) (late 1930s)

The Newcomers Group, (Yeniler Grubu) was formed by those who had a social realist understanding. After they opening of their "Harbour Paintings Exhibition", they had been remembered as the "Harbour Painters". * Avni Arbaş (1919–2003)

Other

* Abidin Elderoğlu * Ercument Kalmik * Nese Erdok *

Eren Eyüboğlu Eren Eyüboğlu ( née Ernestine Leibovici; 1913–1988) was a Romanian-born Turkish painter, ceramicist, and mosaic artist. She is considered one of the forerunners of modernism in Turkey. Biography Ernestine Leibovici was born on 5 February ...

* Sabri Berkel File:Ercument Kalmik mosaic in 4.Levent Istanbul.jpg, Ercument Kalmik mosaic in 4.Levent Istanbul

During the 50s

Turkish painting has continued to flourish since the 1960s, with an increasing rate of development, as evidenced by many new artists in many different styles. NuruhllahBerk.jpg, Ütü Yapan Kadın (1950) by Nuruhllah Berk (1906 - 1982) Cevat_Dereli.jpg, Harman (1956) by Cevat Dereli Halil_Dikmen2.jpg, Balıkçılar (1958) by Halil Dikmen (1906 - 1964) MaideArel.jpg, Tarihi Neyzen (1961) by Maide Arel (1907 - 1997) HamitGörele.jpg, Atom by Hamit Görele (1894 - 1980)

During the 60s

The Siyah Qalam Group Siyah Kalem group founded in 1960 in Ankara. They influenced by the 14th and early 15th century painter Siyah Qalam. * İhsan Cemal Karaburçak * Cemal Bingöl * İsmail Altınok * Ayşe Sılay * Selma Arel * Lütfü Günay * Asuman Kılıç * Solmaz Tugaç İhsanCemal.jpg, From Kızılcahamam by İshan Cemal Karaburçak (1987 - 1969) The 1968 Generation * Alaettin Aksoy *

Gürkan Coşkun Gürkan Coşkun (1941 – 22 September 2022) or more widely known as Komet was a Turkish painter. Coşkun was born in Çorum Çorum () (Medieval Greek: Ευχάνεια, romanized: Euchaneia) is a northern Anatolian city that is the capital ...

* Mehmet Güleryüz * Neşe Erdok * Nevhiz Metin * Ömer Kaleşi * Utku Varlık Reşat_Atalık.jpg, Devil and Three Operas (1962) by Reşat Atalık (1935 - 2013) SalomeÖzdemir.jpg, Salome (1961) by Özdemir Altan MezarTaşları.jpg, Tomb Stones (1967) by Cihat Burak (1915 - 1994) NedimGünsür.jpg, Festival Ground (1961) by Nedim Günsür (1924 - 1994) ChimneysNedimGünsür.jpg, Chimneys (1960) by Nedim Günsür (1924 - 1994) OduncularNeşetGünal.jpg, Lumberjacks (1961) by Neşet Günal (1923 - 2012) NesetGünal2.jpg, Painting by Neşet Günal (1923 - 2012) Nesetgünal.jpg, Painting by Neşet Günal (1923 - 2012) Korkuluk.jpg, Korkuluk by Neşet Günal (1923 - 2012)

During the 70s

Suda_Üç_Figur.jpg, Suda Üç Figur (1970) by Gürkan Coşkun (Komet) MaviKuş.jpg, Blue Bird (1977) by Utku Varlık Cihat_Aral.jpg, Komposizyon (1979) by Cihat Aral Mağdenciler.jpg, Mağdenciler by Yılmaz Demirağ

Social Realists

* Seyyit Bozdoğan * Cihat Aral * Kasım Koçak * Aydın Ayan * Kemal İskender * Hüsnü Koldaş * Nedret Sekban * TurgutAtalay * Mehmet Aksoy File:TurgutAtalay.jpg, Figure by Turgut Atalay (1918 - 2004) Nevzat_Akoral.jpg, Pazarda Arabacılar (1967) by Nevzat Akoral (1926 - 2016)

During the 70s and after

Predominent painters with Fantastic tendencies: * Balkan Naci İslimyeli * Ergin İnan * Burhan Uygur Mevlüt_Akyıldız.jpg, Circus of Dreamland by Mevlüt Akyıldız Hüsnü_Koldaş.jpg, Motorcu (1986) by Hüsnü Koldaş Kemal_İskender.jpg, Çemberde Niyet (1980) by Kemal İskender SeyyitBozdogan.jpg, Endüstriyel Yüz Manzarası (1987) by Seyyit Bozdoğan Zekai_Ormancı.jpg, Silüet by Zekai Ormancı (1949 - 2018) TemürKöran.jpg, İsimsiz by Temür Köran Contemporary Painters: * Haluk Akakce (born 1970) * Bedri Baykam (born 1957) * Setenay Ozbek (born 1961) writer, artist and documentary maker. *

Genco Gulan Genco Gulan ( (born 1969 in Turkey) is a contemporary conceptual artist and theorist, who lives and works in Istanbul. His transmedia contextual work involves painting, found objects, new media, drawings, sculpture, photography, performance and ...

(born 1969) contemporary conceptual artist and

theorist A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be ...

. * Nedim Günal * Nedim Gürsür *

Hayal Pozanti Hayal Pozanti (born 1983, Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish-born artist, based in the United States. She is known for her large scale, brightly colored, seemingly abstract and geometric paintings, that represent statistical data related to human-co ...

(born 1983) painter of data visualization, based in the United States. *

Sevil Soyer Sevil Soyer (born 1950) is a Turkish interdisciplinary artist. Soyer has had solo exhibitions and group exhibitions along with several installations in Turkey and the United States. Early life She was born in Turkey and graduated in 1979 from ...

(born 1950) figurative painting and glass artist.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Modern Turkish Painting Turkish Turkish art Turkish contemporary art