Tumanyan, Armenia
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Tumanyan ( hy, Թումանյան), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia's northern
Lori Province Lori ( hy, Լոռի, ), is a province ('' marz'') of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak ...
, on the banks of the Debed River and in the middle of the Debed Canyon. It's 149 km north of the capital Yerevan, and 131km from Tbilisi. The population is estimated to be about 1000 people, down from a peak of about 3000. The nearby villages of Kober kayaran, Shamut, Lorut, Ahnidzor,
Atan Atan may refer to: Places * Atan, Armenia * Atan, Iran People * Atan Shansonga (born 1955), Zambian diplomat * Çağdaş Atan, Turkish footballer * Cem Atan, Turkish footballer Other * Attan, a Pashtun and Afghan traditional dance * arctang ...
, Marts and Karinj are also part of the Tumanyan community.


Etymology

At its foundation in 1926, town was known as Dzaghidzor ( hy, Ձաղիձոր). However, it was renamed ''Tumanyan'' on July 4, 1951, in honour of the famous Armenian poet
Hovhannes Tumanyan Hovhannes Tumanyan ( hy, Հովհաննես Թումանյան, classical spelling: Յովհաննէս Թումանեան,  – March 23, 1923) was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the nationa ...
.


History

Historically, the area of modern-day Tumanyan was included in the Dzorapor ( hy, Ձորափոր) canton of the historic
Gugark Gugark ( hy, Գուգարք, lat, Gogarene, Greek: ''Γογαρινή'') was the 13th province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia. It now comprises parts of northern Armenia, northeast Turkey, and southwest Georgia. Etymology Etymologically ...
province, the 13th province of
Greater Armenia Greater Armenia ( hy, Մեծ Հայք, translit=Mets Hayk) is the name given to the Armenian state that emerged on the Armenian Highlands during the reign of King Artaxias I at the turn of the 2nd century BC. The term was used to refer princi ...
. Prior to the foundation of the
Republic of Armenia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
in 1918, the area was part of the
Borchali The Borchaly uezd, was a county (''uezd'') of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and later of the independent and Soviet republics of Georgia. Its administrative center was the town of Shulavery (present-da ...
uyezd of
Tiflis Governorate The Tiflis Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative center in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). In 1897, it constituted 44,607 sq. kilometres in area and had a population ...
, within the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
. In late 1918,
Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...
and
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
fought a border war over the region of Lori. In January 1919, the Lori neutral zone was established by the British forces. Following Armenia's Sovietization in December 1920, Lori was finally incorporated into
Soviet Armenia The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic,; russian: Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика, translit=Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) also commonly referred to as Soviet A ...
on 11 February 1921. In 1926, the village of Dzaghidzor was founded on the right bank of
Debed The Debed ( hy, Դեբեդ) or Debeda ( ka, დებედა) is a river in Armenia and Georgia. It also serves as a natural boundary between Armenia and Georgia at the village Sadakhlo, Georgia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The ...
river. In 1930, it was included within the newly founded ''Tumanyan raion''. In 1934,
refractory metals Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering. The definition of which elements belong to this group diff ...
mines were found 3.5 km north of Dzaghidzor village. The production of fireproof materials extracted from the mines of Dzaghidzor was launched in 1939. With the rapid growth of the village, Dzaghidzor was granted the status of an
urban-type settlement Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
in 1947 and it was about this time when architect Sos Manukyan designed the modern layout of the central part of Tumanyan, with a town square, parks, school, house of culture and other public spaces. In 1951, the settlement was renamed ''Tumanyan''. During the 1950s, the Kober railway station was opened on the left bank of Debed river, around 1 km northwest of Tumanyan, to serve the Tumanyan fireproof materials factory opened in 1951. In 1995, the government of independent Armenia reaffirmed the status of Tumanyan as an urban settlement within the
Lori Province Lori ( hy, Լոռի, ), is a province ('' marz'') of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak ...
. Besides the town of Tumanyan, the nearby villages of
Atan Atan may refer to: Places * Atan, Armenia * Atan, Iran People * Atan Shansonga (born 1955), Zambian diplomat * Çağdaş Atan, Turkish footballer * Cem Atan, Turkish footballer Other * Attan, a Pashtun and Afghan traditional dance * arctang ...
, Shamut, Karinj, Lorut, Marts, Kober kayaran and Ahnidzor are also under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Tumanyan.


Geography

Tumanyan is situated on a plateau on the right bank of
Debed The Debed ( hy, Դեբեդ) or Debeda ( ka, დებედა) is a river in Armenia and Georgia. It also serves as a natural boundary between Armenia and Georgia at the village Sadakhlo, Georgia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The ...
river at a height of 810 meters above sea level. It occupies an area of around 1 km². Tumanyan is characterized with a
Subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...
climate. The weather is relatively hot during the summer season and mildly cold during winter. The annual precipitation level ranges between 500 and 600 mm.


Demographics

The residents of Tumanyan are entirely Armenians, most of whom belong to the
Armenian Apostolic Church , native_name_lang = hy , icon = Armenian Apostolic Church logo.svg , icon_width = 100px , icon_alt = , image = Էջմիածնի_Մայր_Տաճար.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , a ...
. The population of Tumanyan reached its peak during the 1960s when the town reached 2,864 in 1964. However, the population has been declining since the 1970s, due to the rapid downfall in the economy of the region. As of the 2011 census, the population of Tumanyan was 1,710. Currently, the town has an approximate population of 1,000 as per the 2016 official estimate. Here is the population timeline since the foundation of Tumanyan in 1926:


Culture

The 12th-century Armenian Monastery of Kobayr is located at the northern outskirts of Tumanyan. Many kahchkars (cross-stones) are also found in the town, dating back to the 9th, 13th and 14th centuries. A ruined fortress known as ''Avanakar'' dating back to the 14th century is found at the southern outskirts of the town. Just south of Tumanyan is the semi-ruined
Bardzrakash Monastery Bardzrakash ( hy, Բարձրաքաշ) is a 10-13th-century. Armenian monastery located between Dsegh village and Tumanyan town within Lori marz, Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked cou ...
, only accessible by foot. Currently, Tumanyan is served by a cultural palace located at the central square, a public library, an ethnographic museum and an art academy. The statue of poet
Hovhannes Tumanyan Hovhannes Tumanyan ( hy, Հովհաննես Թումանյան, classical spelling: Յովհաննէս Թումանեան,  – March 23, 1923) was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the nationa ...
is found at the northwestern entrance to the town. The town of is home to 2 public education schools as well as a pre-school kindergarten.


Transportation

Tumanyan is located on the on M-6 Motorway that connects
Yerevan Yerevan ( , , hy, Երևան , sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Y ...
with
Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the Capital city, capital and the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, lying on the ...
via
Vanadzor Vanadzor ( hy, Վանաձոր) is an urban municipal community and the third-largest city in Armenia, serving as the capital of Lori Province in the northern part of the country. It is located about north of the capital Yerevan. As of the 2011 cen ...
. The Kober railway station operating since the 1950s is located on the left bank of Debed river, around 1 km northwest of Tumanyan.


Economy

The growth of the town during the 1950s was mainly based on the establishment of Tumanyan fireproof materials factory in 1951. It was founded on the basis of the nearby refractory metals mines. However, after the dissolution of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
, the production of the plant was significantly dropped. Currently, the population of the town are mainly involved in agriculture and cattle-breeding. Many small industrial plants, such as food-processing, dairy products, garments and building materials production are also found in Tumanyan. In 2015 Tumanyan community welcomed
Children of Armenia Fund The Children of Armenia Fund (COAF) (Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Ar ...
with its programs: Girls of Armenia Leadership Soccer (GOALS), Student Councils, Debate Clubs, English Language Instruction, Social and Psychological Assistance, Health and Lifestyle Education, School Nutrition & Brushodromes, Women Health Screenings Support for Reproductive Health. Creativity Lab, Cafeteria and Brushodrome, SMART Room were created and renovated in the community by COAF.


Sport

Football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
is among the most popular sport in Tumanyan. There is a football training field at the centre of the town. Other popular sports in Tumanyan include martial arts, wrestling and chess.


See also

*
Hovhannes Tumanyan Hovhannes Tumanyan ( hy, Հովհաննես Թումանյան, classical spelling: Յովհաննէս Թումանեան,  – March 23, 1923) was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the nationa ...
*
Children of Armenia Fund The Children of Armenia Fund (COAF) (Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Ar ...


References

{{Cities and towns in Armenia Populated places in Lori Province Hovhannes Tumanyan