Tumacacori, Arizona
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Tumacacori (; ood, Cemagĭ Gakolig) is an unincorporated community in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States, which abuts the community of
Carmen ''Carmen'' () is an opera in four acts by the French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the Carmen (novella), novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first perfo ...
. Together, the communities constitute the Tumacacori-Carmen
census-designated place A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such ...
(CDP). The population of the CDP was 393 at the 2010 census.


History

Tumacacori is the site of
Mission San José de Tumacácori Mission San José de Tumacácori ( ood, Cemagĭ Gakolig) is a historic Spanish mission preserved in its present form by Franciscans in 1828. History Mission San Cayetano del Tumacácori was established by Jesuits in 1691 in a location near a Soba ...
, a Franciscan mission that was built in the late 18th century. It takes its name from an earlier mission site founded by Father
Eusebio Kino Eusebio Francisco Kino ( it, Eusebio Francesco Chini, es, Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 – 15 March 1711), often referred to as Father Kino, was a Tyrolean Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer born i ...
in 1691, which is on the east side of the Santa Cruz River, south of the national park. This Kino-period mission was founded at an extant native
O'odham The O'odham peoples, including the Tohono O'odham, the Pima or Akimel O'odham, and the Hia C-ed O'odham, are indigenous Uto-Aztecan peoples of the Sonoran desert in southern and central Arizona and northern Sonora, united by a common herita ...
or Sobaipuri settlement and represents the first mission in southern Arizona, but not the first mission in Arizona. The remains of the native settlement are still extant and have been investigated and reported on by archaeologist Deni Seymour. The later Franciscan mission, which is now a ruin preserved as
Tumacácori National Historical Park Tumacácori National Historical Park is located in the upper Santa Cruz River Valley in Santa Cruz County, southern Arizona. The park consists of in three separate units. The park protects the ruins of three Spanish mission communities, two o ...
, was never rebuilt after being abandoned after repeated
Apache The Apache () are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Mimbreño, Ndendahe (Bedonkohe or Mogollon and Nednhi or Carrizaleño an ...
raids in the 19th century that killed farmers and ranchers in the area and put a stop to the growth of the area's economy. Nearby
Tubac Tubac is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,191 at the 2010 census. The place name "Tubac" is an English borrowing from a Hispanicized form of the O'odham name ''Cuwak'', which tr ...
was
besieged Besieged may refer to: * the state of being under siege * ''Besieged'' (film), a 1998 film by Bernardo Bertolucci {{disambiguation ...
in 1861.


Geography

Tumacacori is located at (31.561157, -111.047810). According to the
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...
, the Tumacacori-Carmen CDP has a total area of , all land. The locale is in a valley cut by the Santa Cruz River.


Climate

Tumacacori has a
semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''BSk'') with cool winters and hot summers.


Demographics

As of the
census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ...
of 2000, there were 569 people, 223 households, and 152 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 252 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 77.0%
White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on ...
, 0.2%
Black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
or
African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...
, 1.0% Native American, 1.8%
Asian Asian may refer to: * Items from or related to the continent of Asia: ** Asian people, people in or descending from Asia ** Asian culture, the culture of the people from Asia ** Asian cuisine, food based on the style of food of the people from Asi ...
, 17.6% from
other races Other often refers to: * Other (philosophy), a concept in psychology and philosophy Other or The Other may also refer to: Film and television * ''The Other'' (1913 film), a German silent film directed by Max Mack * ''The Other'' (1930 film), a ...
, and 2.6% from two or more races. 58.0% of the population were
Hispanic The term ''Hispanic'' ( es, hispano) refers to people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or Hispanidad. The term commonly applies to countries with a cultural and historical link to Spain and to Vic ...
or
Latino Latino or Latinos most often refers to: * Latino (demonym), a term used in the United States for people with cultural ties to Latin America * Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States * The people or cultures of Latin America; ** Latin A ...
of any race. There were 223 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55, and the average family size was 3.13. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,938, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $26,806 versus $18,594 for females. The
per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or total income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita i ...
for the CDP was $18,607. About 10.1% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the
poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for t ...
, including none of those under age 18 and 26.3% of those age 65 or over.


Historic structures of Tumacacori

These are images of historic structures in Tumacacori. Included are images of the inside of the Tumacacori Mission and images of the Cemetery grounds. Also, pictured are artifacts of historical significance on display in the historic Tumacacori National Park Museum, some of which were once used by the Franciscan missionaries in the Mission San José de Tumacácori.Mission Tumacacori
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Tumacacori National Park Museum


See also

*
List of census-designated places in Arizona The 2010 Census defines 360 census-designated places or CDPs within the state of Arizona, with a combined population of 894,461 accounting for 14% of the state population. CDPs are defined as populated areas that are not organized into incorporate ...
*
Julie Chen (book artist) Julie Chen (born 1963) is an American book artist. Education and teaching Chen was born in 1963 in Inglewood, California. She completed an undergraduate degree in printmaking at the University of California, Berkeley in 1984. She subsequently ...
, founder of Flying Fish Press *
Mission San José de Tumacácori Mission San José de Tumacácori ( ood, Cemagĭ Gakolig) is a historic Spanish mission preserved in its present form by Franciscans in 1828. History Mission San Cayetano del Tumacácori was established by Jesuits in 1691 in a location near a Soba ...
*
Sonoita Creek Sonoita Creek is a tributary stream of the Santa Cruz River in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. It originates near and takes its name from the abandoned Pima mission in the high valley near Sonoita. It flows steadily for the first of its westwa ...


References


Further reading

* Di Peso, Charles C. ''The Upper Pima of San Cayetano del Tumacacori: An Archaeohistorical Reconstruction of the Ootam of Pimeria Alta,'' Dragoon: Amerind Foundation, 1956 * Dobyns, Henry F. ''Tubac Through Four Centuries: A Historical Resume and Analysis.'' Prepared for the Arizona State Parks Board 15 March 1959, reformatted by Tubac Presidio State Historical Park, August 1995 and revised. Available online a
Tubac Through Four Centuries , Through Our Parents' Eyes
* Doyel, D. E. ''Excavations in the Middle Santa Cruz River Valley, Southeastern Arizona.'' Contribution to Highway Salvage Archaeology in ''Arizona'', Number 44. Tucson: Arizona State Museum, U of Arizona, 1977. * Seymour, Deni J.: ** ''Piman Settlement Survey in the Middle Santa Cruz River Valley, Santa Cruz County, Arizona,'' report submitted to Arizona State Parks in fulfillment of survey and planning grant contract requirements, 1993. ** ''Delicate Diplomacy on a Restless Frontier: Seventeenth-Century Sobaípuri Social And Economic Relations in Northwestern New Spain, Part I.'' New Mexico Historical Review, Volume 82, no. 4, 2007. *

International Journal of Historical Archaeology, Vol. 11(3):269–296, 2007. ** ''Delicate Diplomacy on a Restless Frontier: Seventeenth-Century Sobaípuri Social And Economic Relations in Northwestern New Spain, Part II.'' New Mexico Historical Review, Volume 83, no. 2, 2008.


External links

{{authority control Census-designated places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona Populated places in the Sonoran Desert Census-designated places in Arizona Cemeteries in Arizona