Tula, Russia
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Tula ( rus, Тула, p=ˈtulə) is the largest city and the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Tula Oblast Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an Oblasts of Russia, oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is p ...
in
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located south of
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
. Tula is located in the northern Central Russian Upland on the banks of the
Upa River The Upa (, ) is a river in Tula Oblast, Russia, and one of the main tributaries of the Oka. The river is long, and has a drainage basin of .Oka Oka or OKA may refer to: Cars * Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ * OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA Military * 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mor ...
. At the 2010 census, Tula had a population of 501,169, an increase from 481,216 in 2002, making it the 32nd largest city in Russia by population. A primarily industrial
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
, Tula was a fortress at the border of the
Principality of Ryazan The Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1078–1521) was a duchy with the capital in Old Ryazan (destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1237), and then in Pereyaslavl Ryazansky, which later became the modern-day city of Ryazan. It originally split off from the Ch ...
. The city was seized by
Ivan Bolotnikov Ivan Isayevich Bolotnikov (russian: Ива́н Иса́евич Боло́тников; 1565–1608) headed a popular uprising in Russia in 1606–1607 known as the Bolotnikov Rebellion (Восстание Ивана Болотникова). The up ...
, and withstood a four-month siege by the Tsar's army. Historically, Tula was a major centre for the manufacture of armaments. The
Demidov The House of Demidov (russian: Деми́довы) also Demidoff, was a prominent Russian noble family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Originating in the city of Tula in the 17th century, the Demidovs found success through metal products, ...
family built the first armament factory in Russia in the city, in what would become the
Tula Arms Plant Imperial Tula Arms Plant (russian: Императорский Тульский оружейный завод, Imperatorskiy Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod) is a Russian weapons manufacturer founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia in 1712 in Tula, Tula Oblast a ...
, which still operates to this day. Tula is home to the
Klokovo Klokovo (russian: Клоково) is an air base in Russia on north fringe of Tula. It has been home to 374 OVTAP (374th Independent Military Transport Aviation Regiment) flying Ilyushin Il-76 (NATO: Candid) and Antonov An-22 (NATO: Cock) large ...
air base,
Tula State University Tula State University (TSU) (russian: Ту́льский госуда́рственный университе́т, ТулГУ) is the largest state university in Tula, Russia, Tula, Central Federal District, Central Russia. Since May 2006, its ...
,
Tula Kremlin Tula Kremlin (russian: Тульский кремль) is a fortress in Tula, in the central area of European part of Russia. Monument of the 16th century. There are 2 Cathedrals inside the Kremlin: *Assumption Cathedral (1762-1766) *Epiphany Cat ...
, The Tula State Museum of Weapons and Kazanskaya embankment of the Upa River (). Tula has a historical association with the
samovar A samovar (russian: самовар, , literally "self-brewer") is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in Russia, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture t ...
, a metal container used to heat and boil water; the city was a major center of Russian samovar production.
Yasnaya Polyana Yasnaya Polyana ( rus, Я́сная Поля́на, p=ˈjasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə, literally: "Bright Glade") is a writer's house museum, the former home of the writer Leo Tolstoy. Bartlett, p. 25 It is southwest of Tula, Russia, and from Mosco ...
, the former home of the writer
Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...
, is located southwest of Tula. Additionally, Tula is known for its imprinted gingerbread ( pryanik), which has been made in Tula since the 17th century.


Etymology

The name of the city is likely pre-Russian, probably of Baltic origin.


History

Tula was first mentioned in the '' Nikon Chronicle'' (year 1146). In the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
, Tula was a minor fortress at the border of the
Principality of Ryazan The Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1078–1521) was a duchy with the capital in Old Ryazan (destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1237), and then in Pereyaslavl Ryazansky, which later became the modern-day city of Ryazan. It originally split off from the Ch ...
. As soon as it passed to the
Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
, a brick citadel, or
kremlin The Kremlin ( rus, Московский Кремль, r=Moskovskiy Kreml', p=ˈmɐˈskofskʲɪj krʲemlʲ, t=Moscow Kremlin) is a fortified complex in the center of Moscow founded by the Rurik dynasty, Rurik dynasty. It is the best known of th ...
, was constructed in 1514–1521. It was a key fortress of the
Great Abatis Belt Zasechnaya cherta (russian: Большая засечная черта, loosely translated as Great Abatis Line or Great Abatis Border) was a chain of fortification lines, created by Grand Duchy of Moscow and later the Tsardom of Russia to prot ...
and successfully resisted a siege by the
Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary
is an umbrella term for different
in 1552. In 1607,
Ivan Bolotnikov Ivan Isayevich Bolotnikov (russian: Ива́н Иса́евич Боло́тников; 1565–1608) headed a popular uprising in Russia in 1606–1607 known as the Bolotnikov Rebellion (Восстание Ивана Болотникова). The up ...
and his supporters seized the citadel and withstood a four-months siege by the
Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...
's army. In the 18th century, some parts of the kremlin walls were demolished. Despite its archaic appearance, the five-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin was built as late as 1764. In 1712, Tula was visited by
Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, who commissioned the
Demidov The House of Demidov (russian: Деми́довы) also Demidoff, was a prominent Russian noble family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Originating in the city of Tula in the 17th century, the Demidovs found success through metal products, ...
blacksmiths to build the first armament factory in Russia. Several decades later, Tula was turned by the Demidovs into the greatest ironworking center of Eastern Europe. The oldest museum in the city, showcasing the history of weapons, was inaugurated by the Demidovs in 1724, and
Nicholas-Zaretsky Church The Nicholas-Zaretsky Church (''Николо-Зарецкий храм'') is a church in Tula in Russia. It contains the family vault of the Demidov family of industrialists. Its usual name is the Nicholas-Zaretsky Church, though it has held variou ...
in the city houses their family vault. The first factory to produce
samovar A samovar (russian: самовар, , literally "self-brewer") is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in Russia, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture t ...
s industrially was also established there in the course of the 18th century. After the Demidovs moved the center of their manufacture to the
Urals The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...
, Tula continued as a center of
heavy industry Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); o ...
, particularly in the manufacture of matériel. In the 1890s, Ivan Savelyev, a medical orderly, became the founder of
social democracy Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...
in Tula and set up a workers' study circle. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the city was important in the production of
armament A weapon, arm or armament is any implement or device that can be used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime, law enforcement, s ...
s. Tula became the target of a German offensive to break Soviet resistance in the Moscow area between Friday, 24 October and 5 December 1941. According to
Erik Durschmied Erik Durschmied (born 25 December 1930) is a cinematographer, producer, director and also an author, military history professor and a former war correspondent for BBC, CBS. ''Newsweek'' called him a "supremely gifted reporter who has changed the m ...
in ''The Weather Factor: How Nature has Changed History'', one German general reached the southwestern outskirts of Tula on 29-30 October 1941. The heavily fortified city held out, however, and
Guderian Guderian is a German surname. Other spellings are '' Guderjahn'' and '' Guderjan''. It is present in Greater Poland and Mazovia Mazovia or Masovia ( pl, Mazowsze) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European ...
's
Second Panzer Army The 2nd Panzer Army (german: 2. Panzerarmee) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 2nd Panzer Group on October 5, 1941. Organisation Panzer Group Guderian (german: Panzergruppe Guderian) was formed on 5 June 1940 ...
was stopped near Tula. The city secured the southern flank during the Battle of Moscow and the subsequent counter-offensive. Tula was awarded the title Hero City in 1976. It is home to the
Klokovo Klokovo (russian: Клоково) is an air base in Russia on north fringe of Tula. It has been home to 374 OVTAP (374th Independent Military Transport Aviation Regiment) flying Ilyushin Il-76 (NATO: Candid) and Antonov An-22 (NATO: Cock) large ...
air base and the
Tula Arms Plant Imperial Tula Arms Plant (russian: Императорский Тульский оружейный завод, Imperatorskiy Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod) is a Russian weapons manufacturer founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia in 1712 in Tula, Tula Oblast a ...
.


Administrative and municipal status

Tula serves as the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of the
oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
.Law #954-ZTO Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
. As a municipal division, the territories of Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction and of Leninsky District are incorporated as Tula Urban Okrug.Law #553-ZTOAll rural localities included as a part of Tula Urban Okrug in Law #553-ZTO are listed as a part of Leninsky District in
OKATO Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative DivisionThe English name of the document is given per the English title included on the document's first page. (russian: Общеросси́йский классифика́тор объе́кт ...
.


Mayors

* Sergey Kazakov (1997–2005) * Vladimir Mogilnikov (2005–2010) * Alisa Tolkachyova (2010–2011) * Yevgeny Avilov (2011–2012) * Aleksandr Prokopuk (2012–2014) * Yuri Tskipuri (2014–2019) *
Olga Slyusareva Olga Anatolyevna Slyusareva (russian: Ольга Анатольевна Слюсарева) (born 28 April 1969 in Chervonyi Donets, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian professional racing cyclist. She won a gold medal at the 2004 Olympic Games in the p ...
(2019-present time)


Economy

For more than four centuries Tula has been known as a center of crafts and metalworking. Tula is a developed industrial center. Importance in the industrial structure of Tula are metallurgy, machinery and metal with a high share of the military-industrial complex and food manufacturing.


Armaments industry

* Almaz-Antey Concern: Scientific Production Association Strela (Russian: ОАО НПО «Стрела») * Splav (Russian: ОАО НПО «СПЛАВ») part of the
Techmash Tecmash (russian: Техмаш) is a Russian arms industry company within the state-owned Rostec group producing and developing weapons, munitions, and ammunition for Armed Forces. Subsidiaries The structure of the holding company JSC "SPC" Te ...
holding of
Rostec Rostec ( rus, Ростех, p=, r=Rostekh), officially the State Corporation for Assistance to Development, Production and Export of Advanced Technology Industrial Product Rostec (russian: Государственная корпорация по ...
; only manufacturer of
multiple rocket launchers A multiple rocket launcher (MRL) or multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is a type of rocket artillery system that contains multiple launchers which are fixed to a single platform, and shoots its rocket ordnance in a fashion similar to a voll ...
in Russia:
BM-21 Grad The BM-21 "Grad" (russian: БМ-21 "Град", lit= hail) is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first com ...
,
BM-27 Uragan The BM-27 Uragan (russian: БМ-27 Ураган, lit=Hurricane; GRAU index 9P140) is a self-propelled 220 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system began its service with the Soviet Army in the late 1970s, and wa ...
,
BM-30 Smerch The BM-30 ''Smerch'' ( rus, Смерч, "tornado", "whirlwind"), 9K58 Smerch or 9A52-2 Smerch-M is a heavy self-propelled 300 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system is intended to defeat personnel, armore ...
*
KBP Instrument Design Bureau JSC ''Konstruktorskoe Buro Priborostroeniya'' (KBP) (russian: АО «Конструкторское бюро приборостроения», AO konstruktórskoje bjuró priborostrojénija Joint-Stock Company - Instrument Design Bureau) is one ...
*Shcheglovsky Val plant (Russian: «Щегловский вал» завод): manufacturer of the Bumerang-BM for the
T-15 Armata The T-15 Armata ( rus, T-15 Армата), with industrial designation "Object 149", is a Russian heavy infantry fighting vehicle first seen in public (initially with its turret covered) in 2015 during rehearsals for the Moscow Victory Day Parade ...
*
Tactical Missiles Corporation , type = Joint-stock company , location = , industry = Defense industry Aerospace industrySpace industry , founded = , founder = , hq_location_city = Korolyov, Moscow Oblast , hq_location_country = Russia , area_served = worldwide , key_pe ...
: TsKBA (Russian: ОАО «ЦКБА») *
Tula Arms Plant Imperial Tula Arms Plant (russian: Императорский Тульский оружейный завод, Imperatorskiy Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod) is a Russian weapons manufacturer founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia in 1712 in Tula, Tula Oblast a ...
*
Tulamashzavod JSC Tulamashzavod (russian: Тульский машиностроительный завод) also known as Tula Machine-Building Plant is a company based in Tula, Russia. During the Soviet era it was known for its production of weapons and motorcy ...
*
Tula Cartridge Plant {{Infobox company , name = Tula Cartridge Works , logo = File:Tula Cartridge Plant logo.png , logo_size = 271 , logo_alt = , logo_caption = , image = , image_size = , image_alt = , image_caption = , trade_name = , native_name = , ...


Other companies

*
Shtamp Machine-Building Plant Shtamp Machine-Building Plant (russian: Машиностроительный завод «Штамп») is a company based in Tula, Russia. It is part of Techmash (Rostec Rostec ( rus, Ростех, p=, r=Rostekh), officially the State Corporation ...
*
Oktava Oktava (Октава) is a Russian microphone manufacturer, which is part of Ruselectronics holding. It produces a variety of microphones for professional audio and general use. Oktava sells most of its products to the United States and Europe. ...
*Yasnaya Polyana: a confectionery factory established in 1973 under the holding of United Confectioners (Russian: Холдинг «Объединенные кондитеры») that produces 340 different candies including "Yasnaya Polyana"


Culture

A musical instrument, the Tula accordion, is named after the city, which is a center of manufacture for such instruments sold throughout Russia and the world. Tula is also renowned for traditional Russian pryanik, cookies made with honey and spices (see
Tula pryanik Tula pryanik (russian: тульский пряник, ''tulskiy pryanik'') is a famous type of imprinted Russian pryanik from the city of Tula. Usually, Tula pryanik looks like a rectangular tile or a flat figure. Making stamped pryanik is conside ...
). In the West, Tula is perhaps best known as the center of arms manufacturing, mainly by
TT pistol The TT-30,, "7.62 mm Tokarev self-loading pistol model 1930", TT stands for Tula-Tokarev) commonly known simply as the Tokarev, is an out-of-production Soviet semi-automatic pistol. It was developed in 1930 by Fedor Tokarev as a service pi ...
, as well as
samovar A samovar (russian: самовар, , literally "self-brewer") is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in Russia, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture t ...
production: the Russian equivalent of "coals to Newcastle" is "You don't take a samovar to Tula". (The saying is falsely ascribed to the writer and playwright Anton Chekhov, whose made a satirical portrait of one of his characters saying "Taking your wife to Paris is the same as taking your own samovar to Tula".) The most popular tourist attraction in
Tula Oblast Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an Oblasts of Russia, oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is p ...
is
Yasnaya Polyana Yasnaya Polyana ( rus, Я́сная Поля́на, p=ˈjasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə, literally: "Bright Glade") is a writer's house museum, the former home of the writer Leo Tolstoy. Bartlett, p. 25 It is southwest of Tula, Russia, and from Mosco ...
, the home and burial place of the writer
Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...
. It is situated southwest of the city. It was here that Tolstoy wrote his celebrated novels ''
War and Peace ''War and Peace'' (russian: Война и мир, translit=Voyna i mir; pre-reform Russian: ; ) is a literary work by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy that mixes fictional narrative with chapters on history and philosophy. It was first published ...
'' and ''
Anna Karenina ''Anna Karenina'' ( rus, «Анна Каренина», p=ˈanːə kɐˈrʲenʲɪnə) is a novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, first published in book form in 1878. Widely considered to be one of the greatest works of literature ever writt ...
''. The largest public park in Tula is the P. Belousov Central Park of Culture and Recreation.


Education

Tula is home to: *
Tula State University Tula State University (TSU) (russian: Ту́льский госуда́рственный университе́т, ТулГУ) is the largest state university in Tula, Russia, Tula, Central Federal District, Central Russia. Since May 2006, its ...
* Tula State Pedagogical University *The Tula artillery and Engineering Institute *A branch of All Russia Economic and Finance Institute *A branch of Moscow Economics and Management Institute


Transportation

Since 1867, there has been a railway connection between Tula and Moscow. Tula is a major
railway junction A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge), provided by ''points'' ( ...
with trains to Moscow,
Oryol Oryol ( rus, Орёл, p=ɐˈrʲɵl, lit. ''eagle''), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast situated on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Fed ...
,
Kursk Kursk ( rus, Курск, p=ˈkursk) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet–German stru ...
and Kaluga. The Moscow to
Simferopol Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, ...
M2 motorway This is a list of roads designated M2: Europe * M2 motorway (Great Britain), a motorway in England * M2 expressway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary * N2 road (Ireland)#M2 motorway, a motorway in the Republic of Ireland * M-2 highway (Monteneg ...
runs past the city. City transport is provided by
tram A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
s,
trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trol ...
es,
bus A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
es, and
marshrutka ''Marshrutka''Klokovo (air base) of the
Russian Air Force " Air March" , mascot = , anniversaries = 12 August , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = , decorations = , bat ...
is located nearby. File:LiAZ-5256-bus in Tula.jpg, Bus LiAZ-5256 File:Tramway-tula.jpg, Tram
Tatra T3 The T3 is a type of Czech tramcar produced by ČKD Tatra. A late-2000s study conducted on the Prague tram system has shown 98.9% reliability, the best of the Prague tram system fleet. During its period of production between 1960 and 199 ...
File:SMU 83-84 Tula.JPG,
Tatra T6B5 Tatra T6B5 is a Czechoslovak-built high floor four axle tram with a pulse-width-modulation ('chopper') speed control. This model of tram was produced by CKD Praha in Smíchov, Prague in the period of 1983-1995, following one year in Zličín un ...
File:LM-2008 Perekop Tula.JPG, LM-2008 File:Tula Trolleybus 17 2007.jpg, Trolleybus VMZ-5298


Religion

Most of Tula's churches are
Russian Orthodox church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...
es. Next in number are Protestants and Catholics. Non-Christian organizations that are present include
Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...
,
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
Hare Krishna Hare Krishna may refer to: * International Society for Krishna Consciousness, a group commonly known as "Hare Krishnas" or the "Hare Krishna movement" * Hare Krishna (mantra) The Hare Krishna mantra, also referred to reverentially as the (" ...
,
Buddhists Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...
and
Taoists Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the ''Tao ...
. All Orthodox organizations in Tula and the Tula Oblast are included in the Diocese of Tula and Yefremov. Among the Tula Orthodox churches should be mentioned Saints Cathedral (1776-1800), the oldest church in Tula - Annunciation (1692) and the Assumption Cathedral of the Tula Kremlin (1762-1764). There is also the Shcheglovsky Monastery of Holy Mother of God, built in mid 19th century and consecrated in 1860. In Tula also Old Believers' community services which are performed in the church of St. John Chrysostom. In Tula there is the only Catholic church in the area, the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Since the 1990s, Tula has several Protestant denominations, the largest church of which is a
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...
church with a prayer house in Tula. Representatives of other Protestant churches in Tula are
Seventh-day Adventists The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventism, Adventist Protestantism, Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the Names of the days of the week#Numbered days of the week, seventh day of the ...
, Presbyterians (Church of the Holy Trinity, The Glorious Jesus the Lord, the Good News),
Pentecostals Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement
(Tula Christian Center, Church of the New Testament) and other evangelical churches (Word of Life, the Vine Gypsy Church). Also the city has a
synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...
and the Jewish Community House.


Sports

In
Russian fist fighting Russian boxing (russian: Кулачный бой, Kulachniy Boy, fist fighting, pugilism) is the traditional bare-knuckle boxing of Rus' and then Russia. Boxers will often train by punching buckets of sand to strengthen bones, and prepare minutes ...
, Tula was considered to have some of the most famous fighters. The city
association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
club,
FC Arsenal Tula FC Arsenal Tula (russian: ФК Арсенал Тула) is a Russian professional football club from Tula playing in the second-tier Russian First League. Originally founded in 1923, FC Arsenal Tula was promoted to the Russian Premier League i ...
, played in the Russian Premier League in 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 seasons.


People


Arts

*
Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...
(1828-1910), Writer *
Leonid Bobylev Leonid Borisovich Bobylev, also Bobylyov (Леони́д Бори́сович Бобылё́в, born October 15, 1949, in Tula) is a Russian composer. Bobylev graduated from the Moscow Conservatory, where he studied composition with Mikhail Ch ...
(born 1949), composer * German Galynin (1922–1966), composer *
Vladimir Mashkov Vladimir Lvovich Mashkov ( Russian: Владимир Львович Машков; born 27 November 1963) is a Soviet and Russian actor and director of cinema, known to Western audiences for his work in the 2001 film '' Behind Enemy Lines'' and 2 ...
(born 1963), theater and film actor and director *
Vyacheslav Nevinny Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Nevinny (russian: link=no, Вячесла́в Миха́йлович Неви́нный; 30 November 1934 – 31 May 2009) was a Soviet and Russian actor who was titled a People's Artist of the USSR in 1986. He worked in t ...
(1934–2009), theater and film actor *
Maria Ouspenskaya Maria Alekseyevna Ouspenskaya (russian: Мария Алексеевна Успенская; 29 July 1876 – 3 December 1949) was a Russian actress and acting teacher.Nissen, Axel. 2006. ''Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywoo ...
(1876–1949), actress and acting teacher *
Vsevolod Sanayev Vsevolod Vasilyevich Sanayev (Все′волод Васи′льевич Сана′ев; 25 2, o.s.February 1912 in Tula, Russian Empire – 27 January 1996 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet film and stage actor popular in the 1960s–1970s. Sanay ...
(1912–1996), theater and film actor, acting teacher * Sofia Sotnichevskaya (1916–2011), actress *
Irina Skobtseva Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva (russian: Ирина Константиновна Скобцева; 22 August 1927 – 20 October 2020) was a Soviet and Russian actress and second wife of Sergei Bondarchuk. Biography Irina Konstantinovna Skobtsev ...
(1927–2020), actress *
Gleb Uspensky Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky ( rus, Глеб Иванович Успенский; October 25, 1843 April 6, 1902), was a Russian Empire writer, and a prominent figure of the Narodnik movement. Biography Early life Gleb Uspensky was born in Tula, the ...
(1843–1901), writer *
Vikenty Veresaev Vikenty Vikentyevich Smidovich (16 January 1867 – 3 June 1945), better known by his pen name Vikenty Vikentyevich Veresaev, (russian: Вике́нтий Вике́нтьевич Вереса́ев) was a Russian and Soviet writer, translat ...
(1867–1945), writer *
Alexey Vorobyov Alexey Vladimirovich Vorobyov (russian: Алексей Владимирович Воробьёв; 19 January 1988) is a Russian singer and actor who performs both in Russian and English. For international purposes Vorobyov is also credited as ...
(born 1988), singer, actor and model * Alexey Goloborodko (born 1994), dance contortionist


Public services

* Vyacheslav Dudka (born 1960), governor of
Tula Oblast Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an Oblasts of Russia, oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is p ...
(2005–2011) * Vladimir Ivanov (1893–1938), Soviet politician *
Yury Afonin Yury Vyacheslavovich Afonin (russian: Юрий Вячеславович Афонин; born March 22, 1977, Tula, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian politician and member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation for the Communist Party of the Russi ...
, politician * Viktor Ilyich Baranov, Soviet Army lieutenant general *
Ivan Bakhtin Ivan Ivanovich Bakhtin ( rus, Иван Иванович Бахтин; 1756 – April 26, 1818), was a Russian government official and writer. Biography Bakhtin was born in Tula, Russian Empire, to an old family of the nobility. He enlisted in ...
, governor of the
Kharkov Governorate The Kharkov Governorate ( pre-reform Russian: , tr. ''Khárkovskaya gubérniya'', IPA: xarʲkəfskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə ) was a governorate of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. Fro ...


Sciences, technologies

*
Nikolay Artemov Nikolai Mikhaylovich Artemov (russian: Николай Михайлович Артёмов; 24 January 1908 – 2 December 2005) was a Soviet Russian physiologist, Doktor Nauk in Biological Sciences (1969), Honorary Professor at the N. I. Lobachevsk ...
(1908–2005) physiologist *
Vladimir Bazarov Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович База́ров; 8 August Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O._S._27_July.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and Ne ...
(1874–1939), philosopher and economist *
Vasily Degtyaryov Vasily Alekseyevich Degtyaryov (russian: Васи́лий Алексе́евич Дегтярёв; 2 January 1880, Tula – 16 January 1949, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian engineer who specialized in weapons design. He was awarded the title ...
(1880–1949),
weapons engineer Military technology is the application of technology for use in warfare. It comprises the kinds of technology that are distinctly military in nature and not civilian in application, usually because they lack useful or legal civilian application ...
*
Valery Legasov Valery Alekseyevich Legasov (russian: Валерий Алексеевич Легасов; 1 September 1936 – 27 April 1988) was a Soviet and Russian inorganic chemist and a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He is now ma ...
(1936–1988),
inorganic chemist Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disci ...
* Valery Polyakov (born 1942), cosmonaut *
Ivan Sakharov Ivan Petrovich Sakharov (russian: Иван Петрович Сахаров, September 10, 1807, Tula, Russian Empire, — September 5, 1863, Valdai region, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian folklorist, ethnographer, archeologist a ...
(1807–1863), folklorist, ethnographer *
Petr Sushkin Petr Petrovich Sushkin (russian: Петр Петрович Сушкин; 27 January 1868 – 17 September 1928) was a Russian ornithologist who specialised on comparative anatomy, and evolution of birds, particularly of the birds of prey. Sushkin ...
(1868–1928),
ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...
* Sergei Tokarev (1899–1985), historian,
ethnographer Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...


Sports

*
Ksenia Afanasyeva Ksenia Dmitrievna Afanasyeva (russian: Ксения Дмитриевна Афанасьева; born 13 September 1991) is a retired Russian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. She is the 2011 world champion on flo ...
(born 1991), Olympic artistic gymnast, world and European champion *
Evgeniya Augustinas Evgeniya Sergeyevna Augustinas (russian: Евгения Сергеевна Аугустинас, née Romanyuta; born 22 January 1988 in Tula, Russia, Tula) is a Russian professional racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Women's Team . Major resul ...
(born 1988), racing cyclist, European champion *
Ekaterina Gnidenko Ekaterina Valeryevna Gnidenko (russian: Екатерина Валерьевна Гниденко; born 11 December 1992 in Tula) is a Russian track cyclist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's sprint but was subsequently ...
(born 1992),
track cyclist Track cycling is a bicycle racing sport usually held on specially built banked tracks or velodromes using purpose-designed track bicycles. History Track cycling has been around since at least 1870. When track cycling was in its infancy, it wa ...
* Yevgeny Grishin (1931–2005),
speedskater   Long-track speed skating, usually simply referred to as speed skating, is the Olympic discipline of speed skating where competitors are timed while crossing a set distance. It is also a sport for leisure. Sports such as ice skating marathon, ...
, Olympic and European champion * Oksana Grishina (born 1968), track cyclist * Irina Kirillova (born 1965), volleyball player, Olympic, world and European champion * Sergei Kopylov (born 1960),
racing cyclist Cycle sport is Competition, competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle speedway. Non-racing ...
*
Alexander Kotov Alexander Alexandrovich Kotov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Ко́тов; – 8 January 1981) was a Soviet chess grandmaster and author. He was a Soviet chess champion, a two-time world title Candidate, and a prolific write ...
(1913–1981),
chess Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to disti ...
player, international grandmaster, SSSR champion, author,
mechanical engineer Mechanical may refer to: Machine * Machine (mechanical), a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement * Mechanical calculator, a device used to perform the basic operations of ...
*
Viktor Kudriavtsev Viktor Nikolayevich Kudriavtsev (russian: Виктор Николаевич Кудрявцев; born 24 October 1937 in Tula, Russia) is a Russian figure skating coach and choreographer. Career Kudriavtsev began skating at age 16 and turned to ...
(born 1937),
figure skating Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are me ...
coach * Andrey Kuznetsov (born 1991), tennis player *Vladimir Leonov (cyclist), Vladimir Leonov (born 1937), cycle sport, cyclist *Valentina Maksimova (born 1937), track cyclist *Ihor Nadein (1948–2014), football player and coach *Nikolay Novikov (boxer), Nikolay Novikov, (born 15 May 1946), boxer *Alexandra Obolentseva (born 2001), chess player *Yelena Posevina (born 1986), Rhythmic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnast, Olympic, world and European champion *Anastasia Voynova (born 1993), racing cyclist, world and European champion


Others

* Nikita Demidov (1656–1725), industrialist, founder of
Demidov The House of Demidov (russian: Деми́довы) also Demidoff, was a prominent Russian noble family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Originating in the city of Tula in the 17th century, the Demidovs found success through metal products, ...
dynasty


Climate

Tula has a humid continental climate. This is pronounced by warm summers and cold but not severe winters by Russian standards.


Twin towns – sister cities

Tula is sister cities, twinned with: * Albany, New York, Albany, United States * Barranquilla, Colombia * Kerch, Ukraine/Crimea * Mogilev, Belarus * Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany


References


Notes


Sources

* * *


Further reading

* * *


External links


Map: Battle of Tula 1941
* {{Use mdy dates, date=August 2011 Tula, Russia, Tulsky Uyezd Populated places established in the 2nd millennium