Tudjmanism or Tuđmanism ( hr, tuđmanizam) is a form of

Croatian nationalism Croatian nationalism is nationalism that asserts the nationality of Croats and promotes the cultural unity of Croats. Modern Croatian nationalism first arose in the 19th century after Budapest exerted increasing pressure for Magyarization of Cr ...

Franjo Tuđman Franjo Tuđman (; 14 May 1922 – 10 December 1999), also written as Franjo Tudjman, was a Croatian politician and historian. Following the country's independence from Yugoslavia, he became the first president of Croatia and served as p ...

defined it as non-

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

with "re-examined Croatian history". According to Croatian historian

Ivo Banac Ivo Banac (; 1 March 1947 – 30 June 2020) was a Croatian-American historian, a professor of European history at Yale University and a politician of the former Liberal Party in Croatia, known as the Great Bard of Croatian historiography. , Banac ...

, Tudjmanism unites all forms of the Croatian

anti-liberalism Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for co ...

, that is Croatian

fascism Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy an ...

and the Croatian

communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

. Croatian political scientist

Slaven Ravlić Slaven Ravlić (born 1 April 1951) is Croatian lexicographer, politologist and sociologist. He was born in Slivno near Pelješac. He graduated in 1974 and received his PhD in 1998 at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Zagreb on a thesis titl ...

defines Tuđmanism to be the name both for an ideology and for a regime. According to Ravlić, the ideology contains elements of deification of the Croatian people started by

Ante Starčević Ante Starčević (; 23 May 1823 – 28 February 1896) was a Croatian politician and writer. His policies centered around Croatian state law, the integrity of Croatian lands, and the right of his people to self-determination. As an important memb ...

, a continuation of the 20th-century conservative tradition that rejects liberal democracy, and a mix of ideas represented by

neoconservatism Neoconservatism is a political movement that began in the United States during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the increasingly pacifist foreign policy of the Democratic Party and with the growing New Left and ...

. The resulting regime was authoritarian, it created a form of

crony capitalism Crony capitalism, sometimes called cronyism, is an economic system in which businesses thrive not as a result of free enterprise, but rather as a return on money amassed through collusion between a business class and the political class. This is ...

, and engaged in the creation of an ideological hegemony. The "re-examination of Croatian history" was based mostly on

World War II in Yugoslavia World War II in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia began on 6 April 1941, when the country was swiftly conquered by Axis forces and partitioned between Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and their client regimes. Shortly after Germany attacked the US ...

. The realization that establishment of an independent Croatian state would require help of both Croatian nationalists and the Croatian communists, led to the so-called policy of reconciliation, embraced by Tuđman as well as

Maks Luburić MAKS or Maks may refer to: People *Maksim (Maks), a Slavic given name * Kees Maks (1876-1967) Dutch painter Places * Maks, a settlement in northern Poland Other uses *MAKS Air Show, an international airshow held near Moscow, Russia *MAKS (space ...

and later

Bruno Bušić Ante Bruno Bušić (6 October 1939 – 16 October 1978) was a Croatian writer and critic of the government of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was one of the best-known victims of UDBA (Yugoslav secret police) killings. Biography ...

. His political platform included a few simple but important elements: the rejection of communist and fascist Ustasha ideology as a supra-national totalitarian regimes buried by history; bracing of the Croatian diaspora, but with the awareness that the struggle for sovereign Croatia will be led in the country; he attempted to make an agreement with the Serbs as the most numerous and influential people in Yugoslavia, and the largest national minority in Croatia, connecting Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina as countries geo politically, economically and spatially directed one to another. In many important traits his views and program remained incomplete: for example, even though it was obvious that totalitarianism is collapsing, it was still uncertain how long the process would take (the same was true for the former Yugoslavia). Tudjman likely took into account both options: staying in some kind of confederal Yugoslavia with a socialist-capitalist hybrid economic system, as well as fully independent Croatian state, with the principles of economic liberalism (privatisation controversy). HDZ logo

The modern Croatian history saw three processes. The first process was the so-called '' de-titoisation'', after which started the tudjmanist era in 1989 and lasted until 2000, after death of Franjo Tuđman and after

Ivo Sanader Ivo Sanader (born 8 June 1953) is a former Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009. He is to date the second longest-serving prime minister since independence, holding the office for over five and a half yea ...

became president of the

Croatian Democratic Union The Croatian Democratic Union ( hr, Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, lit=Croatian Democratic Community, HDZ) is the major conservative, centre-right political party in Croatia. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croa ...

(HDZ). During Sanader's presidency the so-called process of ''detudjmanization'' started in Croatia and lasted until his resignation from the party. He was succeeded by his deputy,

Jadranka Kosor Jadranka Kosor (; born 1 July 1953) is a Croatian politician and former journalist who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2009 to 2011, having taken office following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. Kosor was the firs ...

and in May 2012, HDZ elected a new president,

Tomislav Karamarko Tomislav Karamarko (; born 25 May 1959) is a Croatian politician who served as First Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from January to June 2016. He served in the Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor as Minister of the Interior from 2008 to 2011. Career K ...

, who announced tudjmanization of the HDZ.

References

Literature

* *{{cite journal, url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=60196, title=Eponimizacija ideološke promjene u Hrvatskoj 1989-2005., trans-title=The Eponymisation of Ideological Change in Croatia 1989-2005, first=Slaven, last=Ravlić, authorlink=Slaven Ravlić, journal=Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva, volume=2, issue=1, date=June 2006, format=PDF, language=Croatian, access-date=15 June 2012 Bosnian War Croatian Democratic Union Croatian nationalism Croatian War of Independence Eponymous political ideologies Neoconservatism Political history of Croatia Politics of Croatia Yugoslav Wars Political terminology of Croatia Croatian irredentism