Triphoridae is a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of very small
sea snails,
marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group
Ptenoglossa
The Ptenoglossa is an informal taxonomic group of sea snails.
This group was considered paraphyletic or polyphyletic by Ponder and Lindberg (1997) in their classification of gastropod molluscs.
The database WoRMS considers this suborder as b ...
, within the clade
Hypsogastropoda. Almost all the species in this family are
micromollusks and almost all are left-handed in shell-coiling.
[Bouchet, P. (2012). Triphoridae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131 on 2012-06-16]
Distribution
Species of this family can be found worldwide, but the major part occurs in the Indo-Pacific Region. Most species live between the intertidal zone and offshore to a depth between 200 m to 500 mm (exceptionally below 1,000 m).
Shell description
The
shells of triphorids are small (between 2 mm and 10 mm - exceptionally 50 mm) and extremely high-
spired, with numerous narrow
whorls
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
which often have distinctive sculpture. The majority of species in this family are
left-handed
In human biology, handedness is an individual's preferential use of one hand, known as the dominant hand, due to it being stronger, faster or more dextrous. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less dextrous or simply less subject ...
or sinistral.
Taxonomy
Facts about their taxonomy are rather scant, complicated by the high diversity and the intra- and inter-specific variability of the species. Most triphorid collections available in Museums of Natural History are still undescribed.
The following subfamilies were recognized in the
taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi of 2005:
*
Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966
*
Metaxiinae Marshall, 1977
*
Triphorinae Gray, 1847
Gründel (1975), stated that the correct family name is Triforidae Jousseaume, 1884 and not Triphoridae, but this is only true when the genera ''Triforis'' and ''Triphora'' are placed in the same family (Kosuge, 1976). Marshall (1980) however stated that the two genera need to be placed in two different families: the Triforidae and the Triphoridae.
WoRMS Worms may refer to:
*Worm, an invertebrate animal with a tube-like body and no limbs
Places
*Worms, Germany
Worms () is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about south-southwest of Frankfurt am Main. It had ...
do not recognise these 3 subfamilies and consider them alternative representation of Triphoridae.
Genera
Genera within the family Triphoridae include:
* ''
Aclophora''
Laseron, 1958
* ''
Aclophoropsis''
Marshall, 1983
* ''
Bouchetriphora''
Marshall, 1983
* ''
Cautor''
Finlay
Finlay is a masculine given name, and also a surname. The given name is represented in Scottish Gaelic as Fionnlagh.
Given name Finlay
* Finlay Mickel, Scottish skier
*Finlay Currie (1878–1968), Scottish actor
* Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby pl ...
, 1927
* ''
Cautotriphora''
Laws, 1940
* ''
Cheirodonta''
Marshall, 1983
* ''
Coriophora''
Laseron, 1958
* ''
Cosmotriphora''
Olsson and Harbison, 1953
* ''
Costatophora''
B. A. Marshall, 1994
* ''
Differoforis''
Kosuge, 2008
* ''
Euthymella''
Thiele, 1929
* ''
Eutriphora''
Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
* ''
Hedleytriphora''
Marshall, 1983
* ''
Hypotriphora''
Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
* ''
Inella''
Bayle, 1879
* ''
Iniforis''
Jousseaume, 1884
* ''
Isotriphora''
Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
* ''
Latitriphora''
Marshall, 1983
* ''
Liniphora''
Laseron, 1958
* ''
Litharium''
Dall, 1924
* ''
Magnosinister''
Laseron, 1954
* ''
Marshallora''
Bouchet, 1985
* ''
Mastonia''
Hinds, 1843
* ''
Mastoniaeforis''
Jousseaume, 1884
* ''
Metaxia''
Monterosato, 1884
* ''
Monophorus''
Grillo, 1877
* ''
Nanaphora''
Laseron, 1958
* ''
Nototriphora''
Marshall, 1983
* ''
Obesula''
Jousseaume, 1897
* ''
Opimaphora''
Laseron, 1958
* ''
Pogonodon''
Bouchet, 1997
* ''
Sagenotriphora''
B.A. Marshall, 1983
* ''
Seilarex''
Iredale, 1924
* ''
Similiphora''
Bouchet, 1985
* ''
Strobiligera''
Dall, 1924
* ''
Subulophora''
Laseron, 1958
* ''
Sychar''
Hinds, 1843
* ''
Talophora''
Gründel, 1975
* ''
Teretriphora''
Finlay
Finlay is a masculine given name, and also a surname. The given name is represented in Scottish Gaelic as Fionnlagh.
Given name Finlay
* Finlay Mickel, Scottish skier
*Finlay Currie (1878–1968), Scottish actor
* Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby pl ...
, 1927
* ''
Triphora''
Blainville, 1828[Blainville (1828). ''Dict. Sci. Nat.'' 55: 344.]
* ''
Viriola''
Jousseaume, 1884
* ''
Viriolopsis''
Marshall, 1983
; Genera brought into synonymy :
* ''Biforina'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884 : synonym of ''
Monophorus'' Grillo, 1877
* ''Brucetriphora'' Beu, 2004: synonym of ''
Costatophora'' B. A. Marshall, 1994
* ''Distophora'' Laseron, 1958:synonym of ''
Cautor'' Finlay, 1927
* ''Epiforis'' Laseron, 1958:synonym of ''
Mastoniaeforis'' Jousseaume, 1884
* ''Euthymia'' Jousseaume, 1884:synonym of ''
Euthymella'' Thiele, 1929
* ''Ino'' Hinds, 1843:synonym of ''
Inella'' Bayle, 1879
* ''Macrosinister'':synonym of ''
Magnosinister'' Laseron, 1954
* ''Mastoniaeformis''
ic: synonym of ''
Mastoniaeforis'' Jousseaume, 1884
* ''Mesophora'' Laseron, 1958: synonym of ''
Coriophora'' Laseron, 1958
* ''Notosinister'' Finlay, 1926: synonym of ''
Monophorus'' Grillo, 1877
* ''Orbitophora'' Laseron, 1958:synonym of ''
Viriola'' Jousseaume, 1884
* ''Risbecia'' Kosuge, 1966:synonym of ''
Differoforis'' Kosuge, 2008
* ''Sinistroseila'' W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of ''
Viriola'' Jousseaume, 1884
* ''Solosinister'' Laseron, 1954:synonym of ''
Viriola'' Jousseaume, 1884
* ''Tetraphora'' Laseron, 1958:synonym of ''
Brucetriphora'' Beu, 2004
* ''Torresophora'' Laseron, 1958: synonym of ''
Euthymella'' Thiele, 1929
* ''Triforis'' Deshayes, 1834:synonym of ''
Triphora'' Blainville, 1828
* ''Triphoris'':synonym of ''
Triphora'' Blainville, 1828
References
* Fernandes M..R., Pimenta A.D. & Leal J.H., 2013. ''Taxonomic review of Triphorinae (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from the Vitoria-Trindade Seamount Chain, southeastern Brazil.'' The Nautilus 127(1): 1-18
External links
Serge GOFAS, Ángel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER,José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1–114
{{Commonscat
Taxa named by John Edward Gray