''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are

epiphytic An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and many large, thick, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks. The flowers are usually small and yellowish with light brown or purple markings. The flowers have broad

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coine ...

s, narrower petals and a labellum which has three lobes and is often hairy. There are about 85

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

distributed from

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and subtropical

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

to the north-western

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contine ...

. Most species grow in rainforest.

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Trichoglottis'' are epiphytic or climbing herbs with a

monopodial Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly. The word ''Monopodial'' is derived from Greek "mono-", ''one'' and "podial", "foot", in refe ...

habit, thick roots and straggly or pendulous stems. There are many large, leathery linear to elliptic leaves arranged in two ranks with their bases sheathing the stems. From one to a few relatively small flowers are arranged on flowering stems arising from leaf axils. The flowers are resupinate and commonly yellowish with light brown or purple markings. They tend to be produced sporadically throughout the year and last for about a week. The sepals are free and subsimilar. The petals are also free from each other and slightly shorter than the sepals. The labellum is fixed rigidly to the column, fleshy, pubescent or hairy, formed by three lobes and features a sac or spur.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Trichoglottis'' was first formally described in 1825 by

Carl Ludwig Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796, Braunschweig – 3 February 1862, Leiden) was a German- Dutch botanist. He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life wor ...

and the description was published in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië''. The name ''Trichoglottis'' means "hair tongue", and refers to the type species' pubescent labellum.

''Ceratochilus''

In 2014, Kocyan and Schuiteman moved the former

monotypic genus In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

''Ceratochilus'' into ''Trichoglottis''. The sole species of ''Ceratochilus'', ''C. biglandulosus'', is endemic to the island of

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. Though ''Ceratochilus'' was never considered to be closely related to ''Trichoglottis,'' molecular analysis strongly supported its position as sister to ''T. pusilla''. Rather than excluding ''T. pusilla'', the authors merged ''Ceratochilus'' with ''Trichoglottis''.Kocyan, Alexander & Schuiteman, André. "New combinations in Aeridinae" (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 161: 77 (2014).

Species list

The following is a list of species of ''Trichoglottis'' accepted by the

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected pla ...

as at January 9019: * '' Trichoglottis acutifolia'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis adnata'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis agusanensis'' Ames & Quisumb. * '' Trichoglottis amesiana'' L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis angusta'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis atropurpurea'' Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis australiensis'' Dockrill * '' Trichoglottis biglandulosa'' (Blume) Kocyan & Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis bimae'' Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis bipenicillata'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis bipunctata'' (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang (1951). * '' Trichoglottis borneensis'' (J.J.Wood) Kocyan & Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis brachystachya'' (Kraenzl.) Garay * '' Trichoglottis calcarata'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis calochila'' L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis canhii'' Aver. * '' Trichoglottis celebica'' Rolfe * '' Trichoglottis chrysochila'' (Kraenzl.) Ormerod & Cootes * '' Trichoglottis collenetteae'' J.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb * '' Trichoglottis crociaria'' Seidenf. * '' Trichoglottis cuneilabris'' Carr * '' Trichoglottis cypriana'' P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood * '' Trichoglottis dawsoniana'' (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis fasciata'' Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis geminata'' (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis gibbosicalcar'' (Seidenf.) Senghas in F.R.R.Schlechter * '' Trichoglottis granulata'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis guibertii'' (Linden & Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis hastatiloba'' J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb * '' Trichoglottis ionosma'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis javanica'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis jiewhoei'' J.J.Wood, A.L.Lamb & C.L.Chan * '' Trichoglottis joiceyana'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis kinabaluensis'' Rolfe * '' Trichoglottis koordersii'' Rolfe * '' Trichoglottis lanceolaria'' Blume * '' Trichoglottis lasioglossa'' (Schltr.) Ormerod * '' Trichoglottis latisepala'' Ames * '' Trichoglottis ledermannii'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis littoralis'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis lobifera'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis loheriana'' (Kraenzl.) L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis lorata'' (Rolfe ex Downie) Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis lowderiana'' Choltco * '' Trichoglottis luchuensis'' (Rolfe) Garay & H.R.Sweet * '' Trichoglottis luwuensis'' P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm. * '' Trichoglottis luzonensis'' Ames * '' Trichoglottis maculata'' (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis magnicallosa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames * '' Trichoglottis mimica'' L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis mindanaensis'' Ames * '' Trichoglottis odoratissima'' Garay * '' Trichoglottis orchidea'' (J.Koenig) Garay * '' Trichoglottis paniculata'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis pantherina'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis papuana'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis pauciflora'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis persicina'' P.O'Byrne * '' Trichoglottis philippinensis'' Lindl. * '' Trichoglottis punctata'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis pusilla'' (Teijsm. & Binn.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis ramosa'' (Lindl.) Senghas in F.R.R.Schlechter * '' Trichoglottis retusa'' Blume * '' Trichoglottis rigida'' Blume * '' Trichoglottis rosea'' (Lindl.) Ames in E.D.Merrill * '' Trichoglottis scandens'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis scaphigera'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis seidenfadenii'' Aver. * '' Trichoglottis simplex'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis sitihasmahae'' J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb * '' Trichoglottis smithii'' Carr * '' Trichoglottis sororia'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis subviolacea'' (Llanos) Merr. * '' Trichoglottis tamesisii'' Quisumb. & C.Schweinf. * '' Trichoglottis tenera'' (Lindl.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis tenuis'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames * '' Trichoglottis tinekeae'' Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis tricostata'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis triflora'' (Guillaumin) Garay & Seidenf. * '' Trichoglottis uexkuelliana'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis valida'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis vandiflora'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis ventricularis'' Kocyan & Schuit. * ''Trichoglottis winkleri'' J.J.Sm. ** ''Trichoglottis winkleri'' var. ''minor'' J.J.Sm. ** ''Trichoglottis winkleri'' var. ''winkleri'' * '' Trichoglottis zollingeriana'' (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm.

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus ''Trichoglottis'' are found in China, Taiwan,

Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...

, Bangladesh, the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, the Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaysia, the

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...

, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea the Solomon Islands,

Queensland (Australia) ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

, the

Caroline Islands The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the ce ...

and

Palau Palau,, officially the Republic of Palau and historically ''Belau'', ''Palaos'' or ''Pelew'', is an island country and microstate in the western Pacific. The nation has approximately 340 islands and connects the western chain of the ...

. Most species grow in rainforest.

Gallery

File:Trichoglottis atropurpurea Orchi 2012-09-21 126.jpg, '' Trichoglottis atropurpurea'' File:Trichoglottis philippinensis105.jpg, '' Trichoglottis philippinensis'' File:Dark purple Trichoglottis (70213s)c.jpg, '' Trichoglottis atropurpurea''

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2391468 Vandeae genera