The Treaty of Péronne was signed on September 14, 1641, in Péronne,

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

between

Honoré II, Prince of Monaco Honoré II (24 December 1597 – 10 January 1662) was Prince of Monaco from 1604 to 1662. He was the first to be called Prince (in 1612), but started his reign as Lord of Monaco. Early life Honoré II was born on 24 December 1597. He was the so ...

, and Louis XIII, King of France. Based on the terms of the treaty, Prince Honoré permitted Monaco to become a French

protectorate A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over most of its int ...

in return for guarantees entailing the preservation of his rights as sovereign. Moreover, Honoré wanted to be included in all French treaties and be given grants of land in France as compensation for any privately-owned territories he might lose in Habsburg Spain. Overall, the treaty led to the removal of the Spanish garrison in Monaco by the French and ultimately regulated the relations between France and Monaco for 150 years.''The Gentleman's Magazine'', p. 33. "He had long been scheming with Richelieu to exchange the Spanish for a French protectorate, and in 1641 the treaty of Péronne regulated for the next century and a half the relations of Monaco and France. A French garrison was to occupy the fortress, but the Prince was to preserve his sovereign rights, to be included in all French treaties, and be compensated for the property which he will lose in Spain by grants of lands in France. The fortress was captured by means of a surprise, the French garrison established, and the Prince created — a title which still runs in the family — and received with the greatest honours at the French Court."

Background

In the context of Franco-Spanish rivalry and the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...

, the Prince of Monaco sought to get rid of Spanish tutelage. Cardinal Richelieu, Chief Minister of France, sought to take advantage of weakening Habsburg power and strengthen France by extending French influence over the

Rock of Monaco The Rock of Monaco (french: Rocher de Monaco) is a tall monolith on the Mediterranean coast of the Principality of Monaco. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea and the Port Hercules. History The Rock has been a coveted possession from the beginn ...

Main clauses

* The 14-article treaty removed the Prince of Monaco from Spanish protection, instead accepting the protection of the king of France. Article 6 provided for France to recognise the prince's sovereignty over Monaco,

Menton Menton (; , written ''Menton'' in classical norm or ''Mentan'' in Mistralian norm; it, Mentone ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italian border. Me ...

and Roquebrune. * A garrison of 500 men would permanently be stationed in the princely territory, at the expense of the royal treasury but placed under the direct orders of the prince, in order to protect the principality. In the absence of the prince, the command of the garrison would be entrusted to a lieutenant appointed by the king but approved by the prince. * As protector of the prince, his family, his privileges and his property, the king of France would pay the prince an annual rent of 75,000

livres The (; ; abbreviation: ₶.) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in Early Modern France. The 1262 monetary reform established the as 20 , or 80.88 gr ...

. * With the Spanish properties of Honoré II having been confiscated by

Philip IV of Spain Philip IV ( es, Felipe, pt, Filipe; 8 April 160517 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: ''Rey Planeta''), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered ...

, the king of France granted to the prince the Duchy of Valentinois, the Marquisate of Baux, the

County of Carladès A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

, the city of Chabeuil, the Baronies of Calvinet and Buis and the

Lordship of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence A lordship is a territory held by a lord. It was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas. It originated as a unit under the feudal system during the Middle Ages. In a lordship, the functions of econ ...

in compensation. * The territorial clauses of the treaty were confirmed by letters patent awarded at

Saint-Germain-en-Laye Saint-Germain-en-Laye () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Inhabitants are called ''Saint-Germanois'' or ''Saint-Ge ...

in February 1643.

References

Sources

* Duursma, Jorri C. ''Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood''. Cambridge University Press, 1996. * ''The Gentleman's Magazine'' (printed by F. Jefferies), 1900.

External links

* , French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development {{DEFAULTSORT:Treaty of Peronne (1641) 1641 in France Treaties of Monaco France–Monaco relations 1641 treaties Treaties of the Kingdom of France 17th century in Monaco

Background

Main clauses

See also

References

Sources

External links