Transport in Malaysia

Transportation in Malaysia started to develop during British colonial rule, and the country's transport network is now diverse and developed. Malaysia's road network is extensive, covering 290,099.38 kilometres, including 2,016.05 km of expressways (in 2021). The main highway of the country extends over 800 km, reaching the Thai border from Singapore. Peninsular Malaysia has an extensive road network, whilst the road system in East Malaysia is not as well-developed. The main modes of transport in Peninsular Malaysia include buses, trains, cars, motorcycles (including Perlis and Kedah) and to an extent, commercial travel on airplanes.

Malaysia has six international airports. The official airline of Malaysia is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. Most of the major cities are connected by air routes. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 km. Popular within the cities are commuter rail and rapid transit, which reduces the traffic load on other systems, and is considered safe, comfortable and reliable.

Land

Roads

Malaysia's road network covers , of which is paved/unpaved roads, and is expressways.Malaysian Road Statistic 2021 by Public Works Department (JKR) Malaysia https://www.jkr.gov.my/sites/default/files/upload/Statistik%20Jalan%20Malaysia%20Edisi%202021.pdf The longest highway of the country, the North–South Expressway, extends over between the Thai border and Singapore. The Second longest highway is East-Coast Highway (LPT-E8) Spanning almost 500 km from Kuala Lumpur to state capital of Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Recently, the construction of Pan-Borneo Highway is approved under 2015 Malaysian Budget. The highway project spans 1,663 km (936 km in Sarawak, 727 km in Sabah) mostly mirror the existing trunk road, and it involves the widening of the present three-metre-wide single-carriageway into a dual-carriageway. Driving on the left has been compulsory since the introduction of motor vehicles in Federated Malay States in 1903 during British colonial era. It is estimated that 9,432,023 passenger cars is actively using this road network in 2018.

The maintenance of the road in Malaysia however is very poor. Potholes can be seen everywhere even though big budget have been allocated for the maintenance of the road. In addition, street lamps has also been poorly maintained, if you drive from KLIA to the northern part of the country. You can have a first person experience on the workmanship of JKR. This poor road maintenance has statistically contributed to a lot of accidents in the country. Off road vehicles are really popular in West Malaysia due to the poor condition to the road that has been dubbed by the local as being similar to the "surface of the moon".

Railways

The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of . Most of the railway lines are consisted of ballasted setup, along with concrete sleepers, which serves better in wet and humid tropical condition, compared to wooden sleepers which can rot over time. As early as 1980s, due to the need for local suppliers of such products, a few local Malaysian rail manufacturing companies had been formed by collaboration with foreign technology partners.

of it is metre gauge, while is standard gauge. Seven hundred and sixty-seven kilometres of metre gauge tracks and all of the standard gauge tracks are electrified. Intra-city travel is through relatively inexpensive rapid transit systems. Commuter rail and electric train service are available for most major only Kuala Lumpur and its neighbouring states, development of such efficient transportation have not been made in other states that really needs them . Malaysia already approved her first Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail project spanning 375 km between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. This rapid development had spurred growth of local Malaysia
rail service Companies
which caters these niche needs.

Air

Airports

Malaysia has 62 airports, of which 38 are paved. The national airline is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air services. Major international routes and domestic routes crossing between West Malaysia and East Malaysia are served by Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia and Malindo Air while smaller domestic routes are supplemented by smaller airlines like MASwings, Firefly and Berjaya Air. Major cargo airlines include MASkargo and Transmile Air Services.

Kuala Lumpur International Airport is the main and busiest airport in Malaysia. In 2018, it was the world's 12th-busiest airport by international passenger traffic, recording over 43.5 million international passenger traffic. Other major airports include Kota Kinabalu International Airport, which is also Malaysia's second-busiest airport and busiest airport in East Malaysia with over 8.6 million passengers in 2018, and Penang International Airport

Other airline:
* List of airlines of Malaysia

Waterways

Malaysia has of waterways, most of them rivers. Of this, are in Peninsular Malaysia, are in Sabah, and are in Sarawak.

Ports and harbours

Malaysia is strategically located on the Strait of Malacca, one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. Malaysia has two ports that are listed in the top 20 busiest ports in the world, Port Klang and Port of Tanjung Pelepas, which are, respectively, the second- and third-busiest ports in Southeast Asia after the Port of Singapore. Port Klang is Malaysia's busiest port, and the thirteenth-busiest port in the world in 2013, handling over 10.3 million TEUs. Port of Tanjung Pelepas is Malaysia's second-busiest port, and the nineteenth-busiest port in the world in 2013, handling over 7.6 million TEUs.

This is a list of Malaysian ports and harbours:
* Bintulu
* Kota Kinabalu
* Kuantan
* Kemaman
* Kuching
* Kudat
* Labuan
* Lahad Datu
* Lumut
* Miri
* Pasir Gudang
* Penang
* Port Dickson
* Port Klang
* Sandakan
* Sibu
* Tanjung Berhala
* Tanjung Kidurong
* Tawau
* Tanjung Pelepas
* Kuala Kedah

Ferry

* Rapid Ferry
* Langkawi Ferry Service
* Pangkor Ferry Service
* Tioman Ferry Service
* Labuan Ferry service
* Tawau Ferry service
* Miri Ferry service
* Sandakan Ferry service

Merchant Marine

Total: 360 ships (1,000 GT or over) 5,389,397 GT/
by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8

Foreign-owned: China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 8, Indonesia 2, Japan 2, South Korea 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 1, Norway 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 81, Vietnam 1

registered in other countries: 75 (2009 est.)

Pipelines

Malaysia has of condensate pipeline, of gas pipeline, of oil pipeline, and of refined products pipelines.

See also

* List of airports in Malaysia
* Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail
* Public transport in Kuala Lumpur
* Transportation in Kuala Lumpur
* Plug-in electric vehicles in Malaysia

Regulation:
* Road signs in Malaysia
* Puspakom, vehicle inspection
* Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia

References

{{Asia in topic, Transport in