A transport hub (also transport interchange) is a place where
passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or between
transport modes.
Public transport

Public transport hubs include train stations, rapid
transit stations, bus stops, tram stop, airports and ferry slips.
Freight hubs include classification yards, airports, seaports and
truck terminals, or combinations of these. For private transport, the
parking lot functions as a hub.
Historically, an interchange service in the scheduled passenger air
transport industry involved a "through plane" flight operated by two
or more airlines where a single aircraft was used with the individual
airlines operating it with their own flight crews on their respective
portions of a direct, no change of plane multi-stop flight. In the
U.S., a number of air carriers including Alaska Airlines, American
Airlines, Braniff International Airways, Continental Airlines, Delta
Air Lines, Eastern Airlines, National Airlines (1934-1980), Pan Am,
Trans World Airlines

Trans World Airlines (TWA),
United Airlines

United Airlines and Western Airlines
previously operated such cooperative "through plane" interchange
flights on both domestic and/or international services in the past
with these schedules appearing in their respective system
timetables.[1][2]
Delta Air Lines

Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system for aviation in
1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, United States,[3] in an effort
to compete with Eastern Air Lines. FedEx adopted the hub and spoke
model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the United
States airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke
paradigm was annexed by several airlines. A large number of airlines
around the world operate hub and spoke systems facilitating passenger
connections between their respective flights.
Contents
1 Public transport
2 Airports
3 Freight
4 See also
5 References
Public transport[edit]
Intermodal passenger transport

Intermodal passenger transport hubs in public transport include bus
stations, railway stations and metro stations, while a major transport
hub, often multimodal (bus and rail), may be referred to as a
transport center or, in
American English

American English or Canadian English, as a
transit center.[4] Sections of city streets that are devoted to
functioning as transit hubs are referred to as transit malls.
Modern electronic passenger information systems and journey planners
require a digital representation of the stops and transportation hubs
including their topology.
Public transport

Public transport data information standards
such as
Transmodel and
IFOPT have been developed to provide a common
terminology, conceptual models and data exchange formats to allow the
collection and distribution of stop and interchange data.
Airports[edit]
Main article:
Airline

Airline hub
Airports

Airports have a twofold hub function. First they concentrate passenger
traffic into one place for onward transportation. This makes it
important for airports to be connected to the surrounding transport
infrastructure, including roads, bus services, and railway and rapid
transit systems. Secondly some airports function as intra-modular hubs
for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among
network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and
usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs
if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly
directly between.
Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One
method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create
major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to travel long
distances between nodes that are close together. Another method is to
use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high traffic
routes, bypassing the hub entirely.
Freight[edit]
There are usually three kinds of freight hubs: sea-road, sea-rail and
road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of
containerization, intermodal freight transport has become more
efficient, often making multiple legs cheaper than through
services—increasing the use of hubs.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Central station
Infrastructure security
Intermodal Journey Planner
Junction (traffic)
Layover
Spoke-hub distribution paradigm
References[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help
improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn
how and when to remove this template message)
^ http://www.timetableimages.com, April 24, 1966 & July 1, 1986
Braniff International Airways

Braniff International Airways system timetables; Jan. 15, 1956
Continental Airlines

Continental Airlines system timetable; Sept. 30, 1966 Delta Air Lines
system timetable; June 1, 1980
Alaska Airlines

Alaska Airlines system timetable; April
24, 1966
United Airlines

United Airlines system timetable; March 2, 1962 National
Airlines system timetable; June 1, 1969
Pan Am

Pan Am system timetable
^ http://www.departedflights.com, March 1, 1981
Western Airlines

Western Airlines route
map
^ Delta Air Lines. "Delta through decades".
^ "A transit center is a major transit hub served by several bus or
rail lines." Tri-Met: Transit Centers
v
t
e
Public transport
Bus

Bus service
Bus
list
Bus

Bus rapid transit
Charabanc
Express bus
Guided bus
Intercity bus
driver
Open top bus
Public light bus
Rail replacement bus
Shuttle bus
Transit bus
Trolleybus
Rail
Cable car
Commuter rail
Funicular
Heavy rail
Heritage railway
Heritage streetcar
High-speed rail
Horsecar
Inter-city rail
Interurban
Light rail
Medium-capacity rail system
Monorail
Rapid transit
Regional rail
Rubber-tyred metro
Street running
Tram
Tram-train
Vehicles for hire
Auto rickshaw
Boda-boda
Cycle rickshaw
Gondola
Hackney carriage
Limousine
Motorcycle taxi
Paratransit
Personal rapid transit
Pulled rickshaw
Share taxi
Taxicab
Carpooling
Car jockey
Flexible carpooling
Real-time ridesharing
Slugging
Vanpool
Ship
Cable ferry
Ferry
Hovercraft
Hydrofoil
Ocean liner
Water taxi
Other transport
Aerial tramway
Airline
Airliner
Bicycle-sharing
Carsharing
Elevator
Escalator
Gondola

Gondola lift
Horse-drawn vehicle
Maglev
Moving walkway
People mover
Trackless train
Locations
Airport
Bus

Bus bulb
Bus

Bus garage (bus depot)
Bus

Bus lane
Bus

Bus stand
Bus

Bus station
Bus

Bus stop
Bus

Bus terminus
Bus

Bus turnout (bus bay)
Dry dock
Hangar
Harbor
Interchange station
Kassel kerb
Layover
Metro station
Park and ride
Port
Queue jump
Taxicab

Taxicab stand
Train station
Tram

Tram stop
Transit mall
Transport hub
Ticketing and fares
Automated fare collection
Bus

Bus advertising
Contract of carriage
Dead mileage
Exit fare
Fare

Fare avoidance
Fare

Fare evasion
Farebox recovery ratio
Free public transport
Free travel pass
Integrated ticketing
Manual fare collection
Money train
Paid area
Proof-of-payment
Reduced fare program
Smart cards
Ticket machine
Transfer
Transit pass
Routing
Circle route
Cross-city route
Network length
Non-revenue track
Radial route
Transport network
Facilities
Checked baggage
First class
Sleeper
Standing passenger
Travel class
Scheduling
Bus

Bus bunching
Clock-face scheduling
Headway
On-time performance
Public transport

Public transport timetable
Short turn
Politics
Airport

Airport security
Rail subsidies
Security
Transit district
Transit police
Transit-oriented development

Transit-oriented development (TOD)
Transportation authority
Other topics
Boarding
Crush load
Destination sign
Hail and ride
Prohibited activities
Request stop
Passenger

Passenger load