Trần Hiến Tông (17 May 1319 – 11 June 1341),
given name
A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a ...
Trần Vượng (
陳 旺), was the sixth emperor of the
Trần dynasty
The Trần dynasty, ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳）also known as the House of Trần, was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Đại Việt from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thá ...
who reigned
Đại Việt
Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often known as Annam ( vi, An Nam, Chữ Hán: 安南), was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day H ...
from 1329 to 1341. Enthroned by
Minh Tông when he was only a ten-year-old boy, Hiến Tông ruled Đại Việt with the regent of the Retired Emperor Minh Tông during his thirteen years of reign. The Emperor died at the age of 23 and leaving no heir, he was succeeded by his younger brother
Trần Hạo. The death of Hiến Tông and his father afterward marked the turning-point in
history
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...
of Trần dynasty when the country began to fall into the trouble times.
Background and during Minh Tông's reign
Hiến Tông was born in 1319 as Trần Vượng, the first son of Emperor
Trần Minh Tông
Trần Minh Tông (4 September 1300 – 10 March 1357), real name Trần Mạnh (陳奣), was the fifth emperor of the Trần dynasty who ruled Đại Việt from 1314 to 1329. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Hiến Tông, Minh Tô ...
and his imperial consort Anh Tư.
At that time, the birth of prince Trần Vượng ignited a fierce struggle in royal court between two parties, one supported prince Trần Vượng for the position of Minh Tông's successor, the other suggested that the
crown prince
A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wi ...
must be reserved for the Queen's son. This struggle eventually led to the death of the Queen's father
Trần Quốc Chẩn who was also a prominent general with many victories in battle.
In 1329, Minh Tông decided to pass the throne to prince Trần Vượng, now emperor Hiến Tông, and took the position of Retired Emperor ( vi, Thái thượng hoàng, links=no). Trần Vượng was only ten at his coronation.
As emperor
According to ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Vietnamese state, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...
'', Hiến Tông was known for his intelligence and righteousness. During the period that the Emperor and Retired Emperor co-ruled, Đại Việt people was able to witness the last period of real prosperity and peace in history of Trần dynasty.[ Although still having a successful reign with the assistance of capable royal court, Hiến Tông had to face with the first signs of decline such as the deceases of many important and experienced mandarins like ]Trần Nhật Duật
Prince Chiêu Văn Trần Nhật Duật (1255–1330) was the sixth son of Trần Thái Tông, first emperor of Trần Dynasty. Being younger brother of the Emperor Trần Thánh Tông, Trần Nhật Duật was one of the most important figur ...
(1330),[ Trần Khắc Chung (1330),]Đoàn Nhữ Hài
Duan ( zh, c=段, p=Duàn; ; vi, Đoàn) is an East Asian surname of Chinese origin that can be found in China, Vietnam and Korea.
Notable people
Mainland China
* Duan Sui (died 386), a ruler of the Xianbei state Western Yan
* Duan Ye (died ...
(died in campaign against Laos, 1335)[
Continuing the precedent set by Anh Tông, Minh Tông and Hiến Tông maintained friendly relations with the ]Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fift ...
while also reinforcing the southern and western border to deal with the increasing hostility from Laos and Champa. However, in contrast with the military ventures of the early Trần dynasty, campaigns during the reign of Hiến Tông often experienced failure. In 1335, a campaign[
Hiến Tông died on 6 June of ]lunar calendar
A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases ( synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based only directly on the solar year. The most commonly used calendar, t ...
, 1341 at age 23, leaving no heir. Minh Tông therefore passed the throne to his tenth son, Trần Hạo, now Dụ Tông.era name
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of ...
which was Khai Hựu ( 開 佑, prosperity), other than his predecessors, the Emperor had no posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mostly to the notable dead in East Asian culture. It is predominantly practiced in East Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments ...
.[ Despite his natural talent, the achievements of Hiến Tông during the reign are difficult to attribute to him because his father still held real power in the position of retired emperor.][
]
Family
* Hiến Tông had one wife, lineage is Đế Hiển Trinh who was daughter of the Prince Huệ Túc Trần Đại Niên.
References
Notes
Bibliography
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tran Hien Tong
Hien Tong
1319 births
1341 deaths
14th-century Vietnamese monarchs
Vietnamese monarchs