Toyota Scepter
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Toyota Camry (XV10) is a
mid-size car Mid-size—also known as intermediate—is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in t ...
that was produced by
Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...
between 1991 and 1996 in Japan and North America, and 1993 and 1997 in Australia. The XV10 series represented the third generation of the
Toyota Camry The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Camry ...
in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage. The XV10 Camry range is split into different model codes indicative of the engine.
Four-cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorize ...
models use the SXV10/SDV10 codes, with VCV10 designating the
six-cylinder The straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balan ...
versions, and MCV10 the later six-cylinder cars in North America only. In its home market of Japan, the XV10 Camry iteration was known as the Toyota Scepter. This was due to the Camry name being adopted by a smaller version of the same car in Japan, similar in size the previous generation
compact Compact as used in politics may refer broadly to a pact or treaty; in more specific cases it may refer to: * Interstate compact * Blood compact, an ancient ritual of the Philippines * Compact government, a type of colonial rule utilized in British ...
-sized Camry sold globally. In Australia, the third generation Camry was sold under three names. Along with the Camry itself, a version badged as the
Holden Apollo The Holden Apollo is a compact and later mid-size car that was distributed from 1989 to 1997 in Australia by Holden. As a successor to the GM-engineered Holden Camira, the Apollo was a rebadged version of the Toyota Camry, also sold in Austral ...
was also sold as a result of a model sharing arrangement between
GM Holden Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, was an Australian subsidiary company of General Motors. It was an Australian automobile manufacturer, importer, and exporter which sold cars under its own brand, marque in Australia. In its las ...
and Toyota at the time. Toyota from 1995 onwards, also began badging the six-cylinder versions of the Camry as the Toyota Vienta in the Australian-market. Exports from Australia to Thailand commenced in August 1993; Middle Eastern models began export from Australia in February 1996.


Development

The SXV10's smooth and curvaceous shape, lacking of any hard angles seen on previous Camry models, was not what Toyota product planners originally envisioned for the car. In typical style of Japanese designers and engineers of the time, the concept of the SXV10 originally presented by Japanese executives would be an angular sedan, with a fairly narrow body, which would bear a strong resemblance in design to the V20 it was set to replace. However, it would be up-scaled to a mid-size classification. The concept would look much like the MX83 Cressida, but feature a FWD platform with a transverse mounted engine. However, Dave Illingworth, Lexus' first general manager, had expressed genuine anxiety and concerns that the Lexus ES250 (which was designed to provide a stable mate to the UCF10
Lexus LS The is a full-size luxury sedan (F-segment in Europe) serving as the flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota. For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 engines and were predominantly rear-wheel-drive. In the fourt ...
) would not be well perceived. Similarly, the ES250 later had difficulty appealing to customers in Lexus showrooms against the LS400, which had set standards that revolutionized the entire industry. Accordingly, executives of Toyota's North American division in
Torrance, California Torrance is a city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area located in Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city is part of what is known as the South Bay (Los Angeles County), South Bay region of the m ...
, argued that the SXV10 Camry should be completely redesigned and that the engineering be updated and modified to better suit American tastes. Toyota's headquarters at the time in Torrance was in close proximity to Laguna Beach and Orange County, where the LS400 was conceived. American Toyota executives in Los Angeles including
Jim Press James E. Press is the former Deputy CEO of Chrysler Group LLC, having served in that capacity from June to December 2009. Previously, he served as President of Sales & Marketing Operations of Chrysler LLC from September 2007 to June 2009. He also ...
, Robert McCurry, Chris Hostetter, and Dave Illingworth all argued that American landscapes, even in a metropolis setting like
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
, had wider roads, big lawns and landscapes, and thus cars needed a different appearance to appeal to American tastes. McCurry also argued that Americans typically travel longer distances on highways, and so a smooth quiet ride and a wide spacious cabin were important. The Japanese executives in Toyoda City reluctantly agreed, and within a few weeks, Osamu Shikado would pen the design for the new concept, which, as McCurry had argued, needed to resemble the curved shape of the Lexus LS400, particularly in the roofline and flush, curved windows, which also aided to reduce wind noise. The SXV10 Camry was developed after the ES300, which only featured the 3.0 Liter V6 option. The 4 cylinder option in the Camry was the 5S-FE. Insulation in the firewall, fluid-filled engine sub-mounts and cradling, as well as hydraulic fan technology were shared between the ES300 and Camry. Other developments pioneered for the LS400 such as sandwiching layers of asphalt resin composites and sheets of steel were carried into the SXV10 platform, contributing to a quiet, isolated cabin. Particular areas of challenge in engineering was that the Japanese-variant was several inches narrower, and the entire cradle had to be re-designed and widened. Additionally, CMM requirements were challenging in achieving high levels of accuracy and lack of deviation in the gap between the curved hood and the curved headlamp housings, where the LS400 featured rectangular lamps that were more traditional. Toyota also felt it was important to blend the bumper into the metal fenders with minimal gaps and differentiation in visual cohesion. Engineers also adopted many influences from the LS400 and
Lexus ES300 The is a series of mid-size executive cars marketed since 1989 by Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota, across multiple generations, each offering V6 engines and a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout. The first five generations of the ES ...
such as alloy lattices and metallurgical eutectic techniques that led to engines with low thermal expansion coefficient, better fuel atomization, rust corrosion, and flusher body panels. The development of reducing NVH levels in the cabin was the result of hundreds of engineers, which was revealed by Chris Goffey during a Top Gear review. Such high levels of over-engineering was a point of disagreement in product development philosophies within
Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...
; where many believed that the vehicle should have been developed closely with the new Lexus brand to help establish the new nameplate and develop buyer interest into upgrading to a Lexus model, some felt the Camry had offered too many features such that it was inappropriate in a car competing for the mid-size segment.


Classification

In development since 1986, Toyota replaced the
compact Compact as used in politics may refer broadly to a pact or treaty; in more specific cases it may refer to: * Interstate compact * Blood compact, an ancient ritual of the Philippines * Compact government, a type of colonial rule utilized in British ...
V20 Camry with an all-new V30 series exclusive to Japan in 1990. While marginally larger than the V20, the V30 had to comply with Japanese tax legislation. To meet the "number five" compact car
tax bracket Tax brackets are the divisions at which tax rates change in a progressive tax system (or an explicitly regressive tax system, though that is rarer). Essentially, tax brackets are the cutoff values for taxable income—income past a certain point ...
, the Camry V30 had to adhere to the width and length limit. Particularly in the United States, this narrower model would not generate enough sales, as proved by its V20 Camry forerunner. Concurrently, the "wide-body" Camry (XV10) was developed from 1988 and the final design frozen in late 1988. Design patents were filed at the Japan Patent Office on 28 February 1989 for the sedan and for the wagon on 18 July 1989 under patent numbers 820638 and 820654. Introduced to North America on 9 September 1991, the XV10 Camry was sold alongside the V30 in Japan, badged as the Toyota Scepter. Toyota chose the name "Scepter" as a reference to the Camry/Crown naming tradition, as a "
scepter A sceptre is a staff or wand held in the hand by a ruling monarch as an item of royal or imperial insignia. Figuratively, it means royal or imperial authority or sovereignty. Antiquity Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia The ''Was'' and other ...
" is a symbolic ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch, a prominent item of royal regalia. The smaller V30 Camry varied in other areas besides the size. Although the underpinnings,
doors A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. The created opening in the wall is a ''doorway'' or ''portal''. A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide security b ...
and fenders, and overall basic design cues were common between the two cars, the smaller Camry sported harder, more angular front- and rear-end styling treatment, with the wide-body model presenting a more curvaceous silhouette. This was a departure from the V20 generation Camry which, although had many more rounded panels than the V10 series, was nevertheless generally slab-sided in shape. The XV10 is regarded as the first Camry to break into the
mid-size car Mid-size—also known as intermediate—is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in t ...
market, the market Toyota billed as "world-sized". At the same time, the once
subcompact Subcompact car is a North American classification for cars smaller than a compact car. It is broadly equivalent to the B-segment (Europe), supermini (Great Britain) or A0-class (China) classifications. According to the U.S. Environmental Prote ...
Corolla was moved to the
compact Compact as used in politics may refer broadly to a pact or treaty; in more specific cases it may refer to: * Interstate compact * Blood compact, an ancient ritual of the Philippines * Compact government, a type of colonial rule utilized in British ...
class, and the Camry moved to the mid-size class. This Scepter model marked the transition away from a smaller vehicle into a larger, more luxurious family car. The first US-built XV10 Camry rolled off the Georgetown, Kentucky plant on Tuesday, 3 September 1991 and the last in June 1996. The Japanese market received a new V40 series Camry in 1994, yet the XV10 lived on until 1996, before being replaced by the
XV20 XV or Xv may refer to: Arts and entertainment: * XV (rapper) (born 1985), rapper from Wichita, Kansas, United States * ''XV'' (King's X album), 2008 * ''XV'' (TVXQ album), 2019 * ''XV'' (EP), by the Jonas Brothers (2020) Science and technology: ...
Camry. Once the Japan-only V40 Camry ended production in 1998, this marked the cessation of separate Camrys—a global Camry—and a smaller
Japanese domestic market Japanese domestic market (JDM) refers to Japan's home market for vehicles and vehicle parts. There is a common misconception that any Japanese branded car is JDM; however, this is not true. Only a vehicle made in Japan specifically to be sold i ...
version. In Japan after 1998, the smaller Vista V50 took up the former V40 Camry.


Powertrains

The XV10, at its most basic level, offered a 2.2-liter '' 5S-FE''
four-cylinder engine The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorize ...
, up from 2.0 liters in the V20 and V30 Camrys. This unit produced of power and of
torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...
, although the exact figures varied slightly depending on the market.Power figures measured in accordance with the
SAE SAE or Sae may refer to: Science and technology : * Selective area epitaxy, local growth of epitaxial layer through a patterned dielectric mask deposited on a semiconductor substrate * Serious adverse event, in a clinical trial * Simultaneous Auth ...
standard, as quoted for the North American models.
Power and
displacement Displacement may refer to: Physical sciences Mathematics and Physics *Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
increases were also received for the
V6 engine A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik ...
. The 3.0-liter '' 3VZ-FE'' unit was rated at and . An all-new aluminium '' 1MZ-FE'' V6 debuted in North American models from 1994, with other markets retaining the ''3VZ-FE'' V6. Power and torque rose to and , respectively.


Safety

Both the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA ) is an agency of the U.S. federal government, part of the Department of Transportation. It describes its mission as "Save lives, prevent injuries, reduce vehicle-related crashes" rela ...
(NHTSA) and the
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is a U.S. nonprofit organization funded by auto insurance companies, established in 1959 and headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. It works to reduce the number of motor vehicle traffic collision ...
(IIHS) published crash information for the Camry. The Camry was tested for only frontal (NHTSA) and frontal offset (IIHS) crashes. NHTSA gave the 1994–1996 Camry four stars for the driver and three stars for the passenger. The IIHS scored the same car "acceptable" overall, with three out of six categories listed as "acceptable" and the other three listed as "good". The Used Car Safety Ratings, published in 2008 by the
Monash University Monash University () is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Named for prominent World War I general Sir John Monash, it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. The university has a ...
Accident Research Centre in Australia found that 1993–1997 Scepter-based Camrys and
Holden Apollo The Holden Apollo is a compact and later mid-size car that was distributed from 1989 to 1997 in Australia by Holden. As a successor to the GM-engineered Holden Camira, the Apollo was a rebadged version of the Toyota Camry, also sold in Austral ...
s provide an "average" level of occupant safety protection in the event of an
accident An accident is an unintended, normally unwanted event that was not directly caused by humans. The term ''accident'' implies that nobody should be blamed, but the event may have been caused by unrecognized or unaddressed risks. Most researcher ...
.


Markets


Japan

Toyota in Japan originally released the Scepter as a station wagon imported from the United States in September 1992. Japanese manufacture of the sedan occurred soon after, coming to the market in November 1992. From November 1993, Toyota began importing the coupe model from the United States. Scepters were phased out in 1996, starting with the coupe (April), wagon (June), and sedan (December). The large and spacious wagon, when fitted with third row seating that stowed away under the cargo floor, could accommodate seven passengers. All three body variants were available with either the 2.2- and 3.0-liter engines.


North America

For the North American market, Camrys were produced in
Georgetown, Kentucky Georgetown is a home rule-class city in Scott County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 37,086 at the 2020 census. It is the 6th-largest city by population in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is the seat of its county. It was originall ...
by
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky (TMMK) is an automobile manufacturing factory in Georgetown, Kentucky, United States. It is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor North America, itself a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan. The plant assem ...
. Introduced in October 1991 as a 1992
model year The model year (sometimes abbreviated "MY") is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured. ...
,
automatic transmission An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving c ...
became the only option on all but the base and sport model Camrys, whereas previously, a
manual transmission A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission (mechanics), transmission ...
was available on the majority of trim levels. In addition to the DX and LE trims, 1992 saw the addition of an XLE luxury trim and the SE sport trim (arriving in March 1992). The SE model differs from the LE and XLE in appearance with the addition of a standard V6 engine, alloy wheels, a rear
spoiler Spoiler is a security vulnerability on modern computer central processing units that use speculative execution. It exploits side-effects of speculative execution to improve the efficiency of Rowhammer and other related memory and cache attacks. Ac ...
, and black side mirrors as well as the sports
suspension Suspension or suspended may refer to: Science and engineering * Suspension (topology), in mathematics * Suspension (dynamical systems), in mathematics * Suspension of a ring, in mathematics * Suspension (chemistry), small solid particles suspend ...
from the
Lexus ES 300 The is a series of mid-size executive cars marketed since 1989 by Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota, across multiple generations, each offering V6 engines and a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout. The first five generations of the ES use ...
. The range-topping XLE was equipped with leather
upholstery Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word also refers to the materials used to upholster something. ''Upholstery'' comes from the Middle English word ...
along with an electric
sunroof A sunroof is a movable panel that opens to uncover a window in an automobile roof, allowing light and fresh air to enter the passenger compartment. Sunroofs can be manually operated or motor driven, and are available in many shapes, sizes and styl ...
and power adjustable driver's seat. The station wagon body styles were offered in a new seven-seat guise starting with March 1992 production (mid-1992 launch), compared to five in the regular wagon and sedan. These station wagon body variants were also made in
right-hand drive Left-hand traffic (LHT) and right-hand traffic (RHT) are the practices, in bidirectional traffic, of keeping to the left side or to the right side of the road, respectively. They are fundamental to traffic flow, and are sometimes referred to ...
configuration for export to Japan, badged as Scepter. Wagons were also produced in Australia. This generation of Camry was featured on ''
Car and Driver ''Car and Driver'' (''CD'' or ''C/D'') is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. In 2006 its total circulation was 1.23 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011. It was fou ...
'' magazine's Ten Best list for 1992 and 1993. Differences between the North American Camry and the Scepter were few. While the North American versions received a revised V6 engine (''1MZ-FE'') in 1993, the Scepter used the same ''3VZ-FE'' V6 over the entire model cycle. The Scepter headlamps were a wraparound design (1992–1994 models), using a dual-filament bulb along with integrated
fog lights The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted to or integrated into the front, rear, sides, and in some cases the top of a motor vehicle. They illuminate the road ahead for the driver and increase t ...
. Unlike the North American Camry, the 1992–1994 model tail lamps did not include red reflectors or side markers. The Scepter also included an updated
climate control Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HV ...
unit with an
LCD A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly but in ...
display in some models. Other differences include the "Scepter" trunk garnish, fender marker lights, some options, and interior trim. Toyota released a
coupé A coupe or coupé (, ) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and two doors. The term ''coupé'' was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past parti ...
version of the Camry in 1993, for the 1994 model year with styling very similar to the four-door version, stimulating modest sales. This vehicle would be dropped for the next generation and replaced by the Camry Solara. Also in this year, the '' 3VZ-FE'' V6 departed in favour of the new aluminium '' 1MZ-FE'' V6. This new engine coincided with the standard fitment of dual front
airbag An airbag is a vehicle occupant-restraint system using a bag designed to inflate extremely quickly, then quickly deflate during a collision. It consists of the airbag cushion, a flexible fabric bag, an inflation module, and an impact sensor. Th ...
s, whereas the 1991 to 1993 Camrys only has driver's air bag. The Camry was given a facelift in the third quarter of 1994 for the 1995 model year, which design patents were filed for on 8 May 1993 at the Japan Patent Office under patent number 820638-002. Minor exterior changes included a revised front fascia with different front
turn signals The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted to or integrated into the front, rear, sides, and in some cases the top of a motor vehicle. They illuminate the road ahead for the driver and increase th ...
and reshaped
headlamp A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, ''headlamp'' is the term for the device itself and ''headlight'' is the term for ...
s. Additionally, the rear fascia was updated, now with body-coloured plastic between the tail lamps where the model name "Camry" was printed. This was instead of the red plastic on higher trim levels and black plastic on lower trim levels of the 1992 to 1994 models. The tail lamps themselves were also slightly different. Another change, this time mechanical came in 1996; the 2.2-liter engine was detuned slightly to to meet stricter
emissions standard Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over ...
s. Additionally, in 1996 the cam angle sensor in the distributor was also replaced with a crank angle sensor to achieve a smoother idle.


Australia

The range of Camrys in Australia consisted of both four-cylinder (SDV10) and V6 (VDV10) sedans and station wagons. These were built at Toyota's
Port Melbourne, Victoria Port Melbourne is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Melbourne and Port Phillip local government areas. Port Melbourne recorded a populatio ...
facility from 2 December 1992. The then
Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
,
Paul Keating Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944) is an Australian former politician and unionist who served as the 24th prime minister of Australia from 1991 to 1996, holding office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). He previously serv ...
attended the official launch and commencement of sales on 15 February 1993. The four-cylinder Camrys consisted of the Executive, CSi and Ultima sedan models teamed with either a four-speed automatic or a five-speed manual transmission. The V6 range was the same but was known as the Camry Vienta. Like the four-cylinder variant, Camry Vientas were available exclusively in automatic guise and could be distinguished by their colour-coded front
grille Grill or grille may refer to: Food * Barbecue grill, a device or surface used for cooking food, usually fuelled by gas or charcoal, or the part of a cooker that performs this function * Flattop grill, a cooking device often used in restaurants, ...
. In October 1993, a new V6 sedan model called the Touring Series was launched, fitted with sports suspension. In April 1994, the range was revised slightly, where the Executive model was renamed CSi and the previous CSi was renamed the CSX. Toyota Australia ceased manufacturing the XV10 at Port Melbourne in December 1994, with inventory stockpiles built up to last into the new year. Toyota switched Camry production to its new
Altona, Victoria Altona is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Altona recorded a population of 11,490 at the . Altona is a large suburb c ...
factory two weeks later in January 1995, with the official launch of the assembly line commissioned by Prime Minister Keating on 31 March. There was little difference between the Port Melbourne and Altona vehicles, except for a new water-borne, environmentally friendly paint process. In July 1995, the facelifted model was launched in Australia, although this differed to the update applied to the North American variants. The update brought a new grille, slight updates to the rear end, new hubcaps, a lighter interior colour scheme with a new range of fabrics, and the discontinuation of the Ultima trim. Equipment wise, a new security system was fitted with remote
central locking Power door locks (also known as electric door locks or central locking) allow the driver or front passenger to simultaneously lock or unlock all the doors of an automobile or truck, by pressing a button or flipping a switch. Power door locks w ...
, engine
immobiliser An immobiliser or immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to a motor vehicle that prevents the engine from being started unless the correct key (''transponder'' or ''smart key'') is present. This prevents the vehicle from being " ...
and alarm. The CSi gained four-wheel
disc brake A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or a "rotor" to create friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hol ...
s, and optional
anti-lock brakes An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintainin ...
.
Seat belt A seat belt (also known as a safety belt, or spelled seatbelt) is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the driver or a passenger of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop. A seat belt reduc ...
webbing clamps for the front seats were now fitted as was a lap-sash belt in the centre rear. Climate control air conditioning for the CSX, an improved stereo system, and the addition of cup holders also featured. From October 1995, the V6 models were simply known as the Vienta—losing the Camry identity altogether. The availability of
manual transmission A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission (mechanics), transmission ...
on the CSi and Touring Series V6 sedan variants coincided with the update, while the V6 Grande superseded the V6 Ultima. Perforated leather upholstery and
wood grain Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. Definition and meanings R. Bruce Hoadley wrote that ''grain'' is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including ...
trim on the Grande was optional. Towards the end of the model run,
special edition The terms special edition, limited edition, and variants such as deluxe edition, or collector's edition, are used as a marketing incentive for various kinds of products, originally published products related to the arts, such as books, prints, r ...
Getaway (October 1996) and Intrigue (April 1997) sedan models were launched. Based on the CSi, the Getaway was further equipped with 14-inch alloy wheels, a CD player and air conditioning. Also based on the CSi, the Intrigue added air conditioning, CD player,
Jacquard Jacquard may refer to: People * Albert Jacquard (1925-2013), French geneticist and essayist * Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834), French weaver and inventor of the Jacquard loom * Robert Jacquard (born 1958), American politician Other uses * A M Ja ...
upholstery, extra seat-back map pockets, and 15-inch wheels. Toyota fitted the four-cylinder Intrigue with the same wheel covers as the Vienta CSi, with the Vienta Intrigue upgraded to alloy wheels. In August 1993, exports to Thailand commenced. In February 1996, Toyota Australia began exporting
left-hand drive Left-hand traffic (LHT) and right-hand traffic (RHT) are the practices, in bidirectional traffic, of keeping to the left side or to the right side of the road, respectively. They are fundamental to traffic flow, and are sometimes referred to ...
Camrys to the Middle East. As a result of the
Australian Government The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government, is the national government of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Like other Westminster-style systems of government, the Australian Government i ...
-backed
Button car plan The Button car plan, also known as the Button plan, was the informal name given to the Motor Industry Development Plan, an Australian federal (Labor) government initiative intended to rationalise the Australian motor vehicle industry and transi ...
, both four- and six-cylinder sedan and station wagon version of the Camry were sold at
Holden Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, was an Australian subsidiary company of General Motors. It was an Australian automobile manufacturer, importer, and exporter which sold cars under its own marque in Australia. In its last thre ...
dealerships as the
Holden Apollo The Holden Apollo is a compact and later mid-size car that was distributed from 1989 to 1997 in Australia by Holden. As a successor to the GM-engineered Holden Camira, the Apollo was a rebadged version of the Toyota Camry, also sold in Austral ...
from March 1993. These models lasted until 1997, replaced by the
Holden Vectra Vectra may refer to the following: *Opel Vectra car (Chevrolet Vectra, Holden Vectra, Vauxhall Vectra) *Opel Vectra GTS V8 DTM car *HP Vectra computer series by Hewlett-Packard *Vectra AI, a private company specializing in artificial intelligence *V ...
.


Europe

In Europe, the Camry range was more limited, compared with Japan, Australia and the United States. Launched in October 1991, European versions featured the
registration plate A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English), license plate (American English), or licence plate ( Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identificat ...
mount situated between the two
tail light The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted to or integrated into the front, rear, sides, and in some cases the top of a motor vehicle. They illuminate the road ahead for the driver and increase th ...
assemblages as opposed to the
bumper Bumper or Bumpers may refer to: People * Betty Bumpers (1925-2018), American activist, First Lady of Arkansas, wife of Dale Bumpers * Dale Bumpers (1925–2016), American politician, governor of Arkansas and senator * Bumper Robinson (born 197 ...
-mounted cavity used in all other markets. The range consisted of the 2.2 GL and 3.0 GX models in sedan and station wagon form. In the UK, the GX version was available with an automatic transmission only, although both manual and automatic were offered in continental Europe for the 2.2- and 3.0-litre models. All European-market Camrys were produced at the Tsutsumi plant in Japan (except for the wagon, which was imported from the United States, as was the case for the same variant of the Japan-market Scepter).


China

Exports of Camrys from this generation,
Toyota Camry (XV20) The Toyota Camry (XV20) is a mid-size car that was sold by Toyota between September 1996 and 2001 in Japan and North America, and 1997 and 2002 in Australia. Introduced on 3 September 1996, the XV20 series represented the fourth generation of th ...
and
Toyota Camry (XV30) The Toyota Camry (XV30) is a mid-size car produced by Toyota from June 2001 to January 2006. The XV30 series represented the fifth generation of the Toyota Camry in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage. The ...
were brought into China through the grey market. The XV10 was imported into China in 1991 from the
Georgetown, Kentucky Georgetown is a home rule-class city in Scott County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 37,086 at the 2020 census. It is the 6th-largest city by population in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is the seat of its county. It was originall ...
factory in the United States. Another variant called the Xinkai HXK6630 was also available as a CKD and assembled in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province.


South Africa

The Camry was also built in
Durban Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...
, South Africa. 3.0-litre models were sold as the "Camry 300i" with the highest specification level badged as the "Camry 300SEi". The Camry was also available with a 2.0-litre and a 2.2-litre power plant in both automatic and manual transmission variants.


Holden Apollo

Holden Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, was an Australian subsidiary company of General Motors. It was an Australian automobile manufacturer, importer, and exporter which sold cars under its own marque in Australia. In its last thre ...
sold a rebadged version of the Camry XV10 in Australia as the
Holden Apollo The Holden Apollo is a compact and later mid-size car that was distributed from 1989 to 1997 in Australia by Holden. As a successor to the GM-engineered Holden Camira, the Apollo was a rebadged version of the Toyota Camry, also sold in Austral ...
from 1993 to 1997, replacing the previous Apollo manufactured sold from 1989 that was a rebranded Camry V20. This
badge engineering In the automotive industry, rebadging is a form of market segmentation used by automobile manufacturers around the world. To allow for product differentiation without designing or engineering a new model or brand (at high cost or risk), a manu ...
scheme was the result of the Australian government's
Button car plan The Button car plan, also known as the Button plan, was the informal name given to the Motor Industry Development Plan, an Australian federal (Labor) government initiative intended to rationalise the Australian motor vehicle industry and transi ...
, introduced in May 1984 to rationalise and make the Australian automotive industry more competitive on a global scale by means of reducing import
tariff A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods. Besides being a source of revenue for the government, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign trade and poli ...
s. This model sharing occurred due to the
United Australian Automobile Industries United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI) was an automobile model sharing firm that operated in Australia between 1987 and 1996 as the result of an agreement between Holden (the Australian subsidiary of General Motors) and Toyota Australia. ...
(UAAI) joint venture between Toyota Australia and Holden starting in 1987 that resulted in model sharing between both automakers from August 1989. From its launch in 1989, the Apollo was always less successful than the Camry from which it was based. By the end of 1993, the UAAI venture cars—the Holden Apollo and
Nova A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...
, along with the
Toyota Lexcen The Holden Commodore is a full-size car that was sold by Holden from 1978 to 2020. It was manufactured from 1978 to 2017 in Australia and from 1979 to 1990 in New Zealand, with production of the locally manufactured versions in Australia endi ...
—realised sales of 21 percent at best when compared to the models retailed by their original manufactures. Apollo production in 1992 (V20 series) totalled 4,490 units (17.5 percent of the Toyota Camry figure, excluding exports); 5,314 Apollos were manufactured in 1993 (18.2 percent), and in 1994 production amounted to 5,519 units (14.7 percent).


JM (1993–1995)

The JM series Apollo arrived at Holden dealerships in March 1993, based on the enlarged Toyota Camry (SDV10/VDV10). These SDV10/VDV10 Toyotas had been introduced to Australia a month earlier, in February 1993. The larger size of the new car was heavily advertised by Toyota as the "wide-body" Camry. Holden's advertising differed in this sense, with a more subdued tone to help set it apart. Holden was also granted additional design input with the new JM model, on the grounds of further differentiation between it and the Camry clone. Following the establishment of UAAI, Holden instituted a high-security design centre within the company responsible for producing visual distinction between venture models. Its
autonomy In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ...
and secrecy from the remainder of the firm permitted the exchange of information regarding the new Camry from 1989, thus allowing a unique-to-Apollo identity to be crafted. The end result was an Apollo with its own
bumper Bumper or Bumpers may refer to: People * Betty Bumpers (1925-2018), American activist, First Lady of Arkansas, wife of Dale Bumpers * Dale Bumpers (1925–2016), American politician, governor of Arkansas and senator * Bumper Robinson (born 197 ...
,
bonnet A Bonnet is a variety of headgear, hat or cap Specific types of headgear referred to as "bonnets" may include Scottish * Blue bonnet, a distinctive woollen cap worn by men in Scotland from the 15th-18th centuries And its derivations: **Feath ...
, grille and
headlamp A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, ''headlamp'' is the term for the device itself and ''headlight'' is the term for ...
assemblage up front, coupled to a markedly different rear, with restyled tail lamps and a
decklid The trunk (North American English) or boot (British English) of a car is the vehicle's main storage or cargo compartment, often a hatch at the rear of the vehicle. It is also called a tailgate. In Indian English the storage area is known ...
-mounted, as opposed to bumper-mounted,
registration plate A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English), license plate (American English), or licence plate ( Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identificat ...
cavity. Mechanically, the Apollo's setup was a verbatim copy of the Camry, with steering and
suspension Suspension or suspended may refer to: Science and engineering * Suspension (topology), in mathematics * Suspension (dynamical systems), in mathematics * Suspension of a ring, in mathematics * Suspension (chemistry), small solid particles suspend ...
calibrations left unchanged. Likewise, the
powertrain A drivetrain (also frequently spelled as drive train or sometimes drive-train) is the group of components that deliver mechanical power from the prime mover to the driven components. In automotive engineering, the drivetrain is the components o ...
s were also as fitted to the Toyota with a twin-
cam Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It is an intracellular target of the secondary messenger Ca2+, and the bind ...
, EFI 2.2-liter '' 5S-FE'' straight-four producing and , with an optional quad-cam EFI 3.0-liter '' 3VZ-FE'' V6 making and . This figure is down on the equivalent Camry V6. These V6-engined Apollos featured larger-diameter 15-inch wheels over the 14-inch diameter used on the 2.2. The 2.2-liter models also featured a five-speed
manual Manual may refer to: Instructions * User guide * Owner's manual * Instruction manual (gaming) * Online help Other uses * Manual (music), a keyboard, as for an organ * Manual (band) * Manual transmission * Manual, a bicycle technique similar to ...
as standard fitment, although an optional electronically controlled four-speed
automatic transmission An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving c ...
was offered at an extra cost—standard and the sole choice on V6s. Both four-door sedan and five-door station wagon variants were available as before, although trim levels were limited to SLX and GS. The SLX was aimed at
fleet Fleet may refer to: Vehicles *Fishing fleet *Naval fleet *Fleet vehicles, a pool of motor vehicles *Fleet Aircraft, the aircraft manufacturing company Places Canada *Fleet, Alberta, Canada, a hamlet England * The Fleet Lagoon, at Chesil Beach, ...
markets, fitted with
power steering A power steering is a mechanical device equipped on a motor vehicle that helps drivers steer the vehicle by reducing steering effort needed to turn the steering wheel, making it easier for the vehicle to turn or maneuver at lower speeds. Hydraul ...
, a radio
cassette player A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio cassettes that does not have a built-in power amplifier or speakers, and serves primarily as a transport. It can be a part of an automotive entertainment system, a part of a ...
, a remote
boot A boot is a type of footwear. Most boots mainly cover the foot and the ankle, while some also cover some part of the lower calf. Some boots extend up the leg, sometimes as far as the knee or even the hip. Most boots have a heel that is cle ...
and fuel cap release, and electric side-view mirrors. The sedan-only SLX V6 added four-wheel
disc brake A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or a "rotor" to create friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hol ...
s over the 2.2 model's front-disc, rear-
drum The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a she ...
layout, with
anti-lock brakes An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintainin ...
(ABS) on the V6 available as an option. Wagons without ABS fitted made do with a load-sensing valve mechanism to control rear brake lock-up. The higher GS trim built on the SLX level, adding 60/40 split-fold rear seats, variable intermittent
windscreen wiper A windscreen wiper, windshield wiper, wiper blade (American English), or simply wiper, is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle's front window. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, truck ...
s, a four-speaker stereo,
tachometer A tachometer (revolution-counter, tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated anal ...
,
central locking Power door locks (also known as electric door locks or central locking) allow the driver or front passenger to simultaneously lock or unlock all the doors of an automobile or truck, by pressing a button or flipping a switch. Power door locks w ...
and a more luxurious interior upholstery style. At the same time as Toyota's Camry upgrade in April 1994, Apollo specifications were also uprated slightly. SLXs now had a four- and GSs a six-speaker stereo system, up from two and four, respectively. The SLX also received a tachometer and rear
mudflap A mudflap or mud guard is used in combination with the vehicle fender to protect the vehicle, passengers, other vehicles, and pedestrians from mud and other flying debris thrown into the air by the rotating tire. A mudflap is typically made from ...
s, while the GS variant gained standard fitment
cruise control Cruise control (also known as speed control, cruise command, autocruise, or tempomat) is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system is a servomechanism that takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a ste ...
and
power window Power windows or electric windows are automobile windows which can be raised and lowered by pressing a button or switch, as opposed to using a crank handle. History Packard had introduced hydraulic window lifts (power windows) in fall of ...
s. A second update in June 1994 fitted a driver's
airbag An airbag is a vehicle occupant-restraint system using a bag designed to inflate extremely quickly, then quickly deflate during a collision. It consists of the airbag cushion, a flexible fabric bag, an inflation module, and an impact sensor. Th ...
as standard on all models bar the four-cylinder SLX.


JP (1995–1996)

The JP series update succeeded the JM from August 1995. A new grille insert with dual "U"-shaped apertures tied in with the existing VS Commodore range. The redesigned Holden logo was also relocated from the JM's grille position to the bonnet, and the rear-end was treated to white tail lamp
pin striping Pin striping (pinstriping) is the application of a very thin line of paint or other material called a pin stripe, and is generally used for decoration. Freehand pin stripers use a specialty brush known as a pinstriping brush. Fine lines in texti ...
. At the same time, the model range was revised, the GS wagon removed, and manual transmission could now only be specified in conjunction with the SLX four-cylinder. The availability of ABS was also extended to these four-cylinder models, with four-wheel disc brakes now fitted across the board. In addition to this, remote central locking came standard to the SLX along with rear
head restraint Head restraints (also called headrests) are an automotive safety feature, attached or integrated into the top of each car seat, seat to limit the rearward movement of the adult occupant's head, relative to the torso, in a Traffic collision, col ...
s. Further enhancements were also made for the GS's sound system. GM and Toyota dissolved UAAI in March 1996. Apollo production ceased in late 1996 when Toyota and Holden severed their model sharing relations.
Bebbington (1998) Bebbington is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Anthony Bebbington (born 1962), English university professor * David W. Bebbington (born 1949), British historian * Keith Bebbington (born 1943), English former footballer ...
, p. 131. "Production of the JP ceased in late 1996, but the series continued to be sold until replaced by the Opel-designed JR Vectra in mid-1997."
Enough cars remained in stock until the replacement
Holden Vectra Vectra may refer to the following: *Opel Vectra car (Chevrolet Vectra, Holden Vectra, Vauxhall Vectra) *Opel Vectra GTS V8 DTM car *HP Vectra computer series by Hewlett-Packard *Vectra AI, a private company specializing in artificial intelligence *V ...
arrived in mid-1997, first as a
captive import Captive import is a marketing term and a strategy for a vehicle that is foreign-built and sold under the name of an importer or by a domestic automaker through its own dealer distribution system. The foreign vehicle may be produced by a subsidiar ...
, but locally manufactured after several months.


References


Bibliography

* * {{Toyota timeline (North America) 1980–2009 XV10 Coupés Front-wheel-drive vehicles Mid-size cars Sedans Station wagons Cars introduced in 1991 Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States