Toyokawa

is a city in the eastern part of Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 183,930 in 72,949 households, and a population density of 1,141 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Toyokawa, famous for its Toyokawa Inari temple, is blessed with a good balance of industry, commerce, agriculture and forestry, and is situated in an area rich in history, traditions, and culture.

Geography

Toyokawa is located in an area of rolling hills in southeastern Aichi Prefecture. It has a short coastline with Mikawa Bay.

Climate

The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Toyokawa is 15.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1751 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.5 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.8 °C.

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Toyokawa has been increasing over the past 60 years.

Surrounding municipalities

; Aichi Prefecture
*Toyohashi
* Okazaki
* Shinshiro
*Gamagōri

History

Origins

The area of modern Toyokawa was settled in prehistoric times. During the Nara period, the kokubunji of Mikawa Province was established in 741.

Middle Ages

Muromachi Period

The temple of Toyokawa Inari, a popular pilgrimage destination, dates from 1441.

Sengoku Period

A number of ''daimyō'' clans under the Tokugawa shogunate originate in what are now parts of Toyokawa, most notably the Makino clan.

Early modern period

Edo Period

The area prospered during the Edo period with two post towns along the Tōkaidō, Goyu-shuku and Akasaka.

Late modern period

Meiji Period

After the Meiji Restoration, on October 1, 1889, several villages were organized with the establishment of the modern municipalities system within Hoi District, Aichi Prefecture, including Toyokawa Village.
On March 13, 1893, Toyokawa was promoted to town status.

Showa Period

Toyokawa City was founded on June 1, 1943, by the merger of Toyokawa town with neighboring Ushikubo Town and Yawata Village, all from Hoi District.

In 1939 the massive Toyokawa Naval Arsenal was established, one of the largest producers of machine guns, aviation ordnance and ammunition in the Empire of Japan.
It was also had sections that produced military-issue ''katana'', bayonets, and glass lenses for use in cameras, binoculars, and similar equipment.
During World War II, many thousands of civilians were conscripted or volunteered to work at the Arsenal, and towards the end of the war, this workforce included hundreds of middle school students and high school girls.
On August 7, 1945, the Toyokawa Naval Arsenal was targeted by a flight of B-29 bombers.
About 2,500 people were killed during the Toyokawa Air Raid.

Toyokawa was one of the last places to be targeted using conventional explosive and incendiary bombs in the closing days of World War II, occurring the day after Hiroshima was destroyed by an atomic bomb.''Air War Pacific Chronology: America's Air War Against Japan in East Asia and the Pacific 1941–1945'' by Eric Hammel, (Pacifica, CA: Pacifica Press, 1988, )

Contemporary history

After WWII

After the war, on April 12, 1955, Toyokawa annexed Mikami village from Yana District. This was followed by the neighboring town of Goyu from Hoi District on April 1, 1959. Toyokawa further expanded on February 1, 2006, by annexing Ichinomiya, On January 15, 2008, the towns of Otowa and Mito became part of Toyokawa, and finally on February 1, 2010, the town of Kozakai likewise was merged into Toyokawa City.

File:Toga Shrine (main hall 2).jpg, Toga Shrine
File:Toyokawa Inari (Hatsumoude).jpg, Toyokawa Inari
File:Ruins of the Ina Castle 1.jpg, Ina Castle
File:GoyuMatsunamiki Sidewalk.jpg, Goyu-shuku
File:Oohasiya Inn.jpg, Akasaka-juku (Tōkaidō)
File:Toyokawatezutsu.jpg, Toyokawa Tezutsu Fireworks Festival
File:Toyokawa Air Raid memorial.jpg, Memorial to the victims of the Toyokawa Air Raid

Government

Toyokawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 30 members. The city contributes one member to the Aichi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aichi District 8 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Military facilities

* JGSDF Camp Toyokawa

External relations

Twin towns/sister cities

International

;Sister cities
*Cupertino, California（California, United States of America）
**since, 1978
;Friendship city
* Xinwu District（Wuxi, Jiangsu, China）
**since April 15, 2009

Education

Toyokawa has 26 public elementary schools and 10 public junior high schools operated by the city government, and five public high schools operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Transportation

Railways

Conventional lines

; Central Japan Railway Company
*Tōkaidō Main Line：- – –
*Iida Line：- – – – – – – –
; Meitetsu
*Nagoya Main Line：- – – – – – –
* Toyokawa Line：- – – – –

Roads

Expressways

* Tōmei Expressway

Japan National Route

*
*
*
*
*

Seaways

Seaport

*Port of Mito（Port of Mikawa）

Local attractions

;Castles
*Ina Castle
*Makino Castle
*Ushikubo Castle
;Temples
*Toyokawa Inari – noted Buddhist temple
* Mikawa Kokubun-ji
;Shrines
* Toga Shrine – ''ichinomiya'' of Mikawa Province

Notable people from Toyokawa

* Atsuya Ota, Basketball player
*Yuka Kato, Olympic swimmer
*Gakuto Kondo, professional soccer player
* Masahiko Morifuku, Baseball player
*Sion Sono, movie director
* Yukinari Sugawara, professional soccer player
* Yamamoto Kansuke, Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period
*Yusuke Yamamoto, Japanese Actor

References

External links

*
*

{{Authority control

Cities in Aichi Prefecture
Populated coastal places in Japan