Toyo, suka, at sili

The generic term for condiments in the Filipino cuisine is ''sawsawan'' ( Philippine Spanish: ''sarsa''). Unlike sauces in other Southeast Asian regions, most ''sawsawan'' are not prepared beforehand, but are assembled on the table according to the preferences of the diner.

Description

In the Philippines, the common condiments aside from salt and pepper are vinegar, soy sauce, calamansi, and '' patis''. The combination and different regional variations of these simple sauces make up the various common dipping sauces in the region.

The most common type of ''sawsawan'' is the '' toyomansi'' (or ''toyo't kalamansi''), which is a mixture of soy sauce, calamansi, and native Siling labuyo. It can also be seasoned with vinegar and '' patis'' (fish sauce). This sauce is typically served with roasted meat dishes.

A similar dipping sauce used for grilled meats like ''inihaw'' is ''toyo, suka, at sili'' (literally "soy sauce, vinegar, and chili"). It is made of soy sauce, vinegar, and ''siling labuyo'' with some opting to add diced onions and/or garlic and a seasoning of sugar and/or black pepper. For serving with grilled fish, it is typically garnished with diced tomatoes, '' patis'' (fish sauce), or more rarely, ''bagoong'' (fermented shrimp or fish).

The simplest dipping sauce, for example, is vinegar mixed with another ingredient like ''siling labuyo'' (''sukang may sili''), garlic (''suka't bawang''), soy sauce (''sukang may toyo''), and so on. This can be elaborated further by adding a range of spices and even fruits, resulting in dipping sauces like '' sinamak'' (spiced vinegar). Suka Pinakurat is a popular brand of spiced vinegar in the Philippines.

All of these do not have set recipes, however, and can use ingredients and proportions interchangeably according to what is available and to the preference of the diner.

Other notable ingredients added to these kinds of ''sawsawan'' include shallots, whole black peppercorns, sugar, '' siling haba'', ''wansoy'' ( cilantro), ginger, and so on. ''Sawsawan'' are also unique in that they can function as marinades.

Some sauces need to be prepared beforehand like the traditional Filipino sweet and sour sauce ''agre dulce'' (or ''agri dulci'') which is made from cornstarch, salt, sugar, and tomato or banana ketchup. When made with hot peppers like ''siling labuyo'', it becomes a sweet chili sauce. It is the traditional dipping sauces of fried dishes like '' lumpia'' or '' okoy''. A similar sauce used for fried street food appetizers is known simply as "manong's sauce". It is made with flour or cornstarch, sugar, soy sauce, garlic, chilis, ground pepper, and '' muscovado'' or brown sugar.

Another spicy condiment used for street food is the " chili garlic sauce" made from minced chilis, especially siling labuyo, and fried garlic. Some add powdered dried shrimp or finely minced meat to the sauce. It is usually consumed with ''siomai'' as a sauce made with soy sauce and typically spritzed with calamansi.

Among the Maranao people, another notable condiment is the '' palapa'', a very spicy condiment made from '' sakurab'' (native scallions), ginger, turmeric, and chilis. It is an ubiquitous accompaniment to Maranao meals.

For seafood dishes, another common condiment is '' taba ng talangka'' (also called ''aligue'', "roe", colloquially). This is a savory paste derived from crab roe or fat preserved in garlic and oil, with other ingredients like calamansi, vinegar, and others. It is typically sauteed and eaten as is with rice, with shellfish or over fried garlic rice.

List of Philippine condiments

The following is a list of condiments used in Filipino cuisine.

Pickles and fermented sauces

* '' Atchara'' - The method of pickling in a vinegar solution, usually a sweet pickling solution. By itself refers to the sweet pickled relish of unripe papaya. Used as a side dish, especially with grilled and fried meat and seafood.
** ''Atcharang maasim'' (sour pickles)
** ''Atcharang labóng'' (pickled bamboo shoots)
** ''Atcharang dampalit'' (pickled sea purslane)
** ''Atcharang ubod'' (pickled palm hearts)
** ''Atcharang sayote'' (pickled chayote)
* ''Ensaladang mangga'' - green mango relish with tomatoes and onions.
* ''Bagoong'' - fermented salted anchovy paste or shrimp paste, particularly popular in the dish kare-kare, binagoongan, and binagoongang kangkong.
** '' Bagoong alamang'' (shrimp paste)
** ''Bagoong guisado'' - stir-fried ''bagoong'', made with garlic, onions, tomatoes, sugar, and vinegar.
** ''Bagoong isda'' (fermented fish)
** '' Dayok'' - fermented fish entrails
* '' Buro'', ''tapay'' - fermented rice, which can use red yeast rice (''angkak''). Used mainly as a condiment for steamed/boiled vegetables like okra, sweet potato leaves (''talbos ng kamote''), eggplant, etc.
**'' Balao-balao'' - fermented rice with shrimp
** '' Burong isda'' - fermented rice with fish
** '' Burong mangga'' - pickled green mangoes. Commonly served with '' bagoong alamang'' (shrimp paste)
** ''Burong mustasa'' - pickled mustard leaves
** ''Tinapayan'' - fermented rice with dried fish
* '' Patis'' - Fish sauce. Sometimes spiced with labuyo peppers, or kalamansi lime juice, in which case it is called ''patismansi''.
*'' Taba ng talangka'' - fermented paste derived from the salted roe and ''aligue'' (reddish or orange crab "fat") of the river swimming crabs (''talangka''). Can be sautéed in garlic and preserved in oil.

Dessert sauces

* ''Arnibal'' - syrup made from sugarcane molasses or palm sugar ('' panutsa'')
* '' Latik'' - ( Visayan usage only) a thick syrup made from coconut milk and sugar.

Flavoring ingredients and seasonings

* ''Achuete'' (Annatto oil) - annatto seeds fried in oil which typically turn dishes a bright orange
* ''Asín tibuok''
* ''Biasong'' or ''samuyao'' (small-fruited papeda)
* ''Kamias'' (bilimbi)
* '' Kasubha'' (safflower)
* ''Dayap''
* Kiamoy powder
* ''Kunig'' or ''luyang dilaw'' ( turmeric)
* ''Langkawas'' (galangal ginger)
* ''Tanglad'' (lemongrass)
* ''Dungon''
* '' Pandan''
* Calamansi - small Philippine limes
* '' Sakurab'' (sibujing)
* Siling labuyo - small native chili cultivar
* ''Tabon-tabon''

See also

* List of condiments
*
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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philippine Condiments

Condiments
Philippine cuisine