Measurement
Feet are often cold and to make sure measurement is not affected by local vasoconstriction, the patient's feet may be pre-warmed in water or by warm air to a skin temperature of around 30 °C. Measurement is done with the patient lying flat, with feet at heart level, using sphygmomanometry: the big toe is slightly emptied of blood by squeezing, and a small cuff is inflated around the base of the toe. Cuff pressure is then slowly lowered until flow can be detected in the distal part of the toe, e.g. by optical means (photocell), by expansion of the toe as measured with strain gauge plethysmography, or by visual assessment of color change by an experienced examiner, and the pressure at which this occurs is recorded.Interpretation of results
The toe pressure is usually slightly lower than arm blood pressure, a difference of up to 50mmHg is considered acceptable. Toe pressures below 30 mmHg (in diabetics 50mmHg) are pathological and associated with reduced viability of the tissue and risk of amputation.References
* * * Carter SA. Ankle and toe systolic pressures comparison of value and limitations in arterial occlusive disease. Int Angiol, 1992;11(4):289-97. * Kröger K, Stewen C, Santosa F, Rudofsky G. Toe pressure measurements compared to ankle artery pressure measurements. Angiology, 2003;54(1):39-44. {{Vascular procedures Vascular surgery Physical examination Cardiovascular physiology