Titanium perchlorate is a molecular compound of

titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...

and

perchlorate A perchlorate is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, . The majority of perchlorates are commercially produced salts. They are mainly used as oxidizers for pyrotechnic devices and to control static electricity in food packaging. Per ...

groups with formula Ti(ClO₄)₄. Anhydrous titanium perchlorate decomposes explosively at 130 °C and melts at 85 °C with a slight decomposition. It can sublime in a vacuum as low as 70 °C, and can form vapour at up to 120°. Titanium perchlorate is quite volatile. It has density 2.35. It decomposes to TiO₂, ClO₂ and dioxygen O₂ Also TiO(ClO₄)₂ is formed during decomposition. :Ti(ClO₄)₄ → TiO₂ + 4ClO₂ + 3O₂ ΔH = .

Properties

The Ti(ClO₄)₄ molecule has the perchlorate groups bidentately bonded to the titanium atom via two oxygen atoms. So the molecule could also be called tetrakis(perchlorato-''O'',''O)titanium(IV). In the solid form it forms clear coloured monoclinic crystals, with unit cell parameters a=12.451 b=7.814 c=12.826 Å α=108.13. Unit cell volume is 1186 Å³ at -100 °C. There are four molecules per unit cell. It reacts with

petrolatum Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its he ...

nitromethane Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in ...

acetonitrile Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not clas ...

dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula ( CH3)2NC(O)H. Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majo ...

, and over 25° with

carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as tetrachloromethane, also IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, recognised by the IUPAC, carbon tet in the cleaning industry, Halon-104 in firefighting, and Refrigerant-10 in HVAC ...

. Titanyl perchlorate also exists in solvates with water,

dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula ( CH3)2. This colorless liquid is the sulfoxide most widely used commercially. It is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds a ...

dioxane 1,4-Dioxane () is a heterocyclic organic compound, classified as an ether. It is a colorless liquid with a faint sweet odor similar to that of diethyl ether. The compound is often called simply dioxane because the other dioxane isomers ( 1,2- ...

pyridine-N-oxide Pyridine-''N''-oxide is the heterocyclic compound with the formula C5H5NO. This colourless, hygroscopic solid is the product of the oxidation of pyridine. It was originally prepared using peroxyacids as the oxidising agent. The compound is used ...

and quinoline-N-oxide.

Formation

Titanium perchlorate can be formed by reacting

titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. is a volatile liquid. Upon contact with humid air, it forms thick clouds o ...

with

perchloric acid Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H Cl O4. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxidizer when hot, but aqueous sol ...

enriched in

dichlorine heptoxide Dichlorine heptoxide is the chemical compound with the formula Cl2O7. This chlorine oxide is the anhydride of perchloric acid. It is produced by the careful distillation of perchloric acid in the presence of the dehydrating agent phosphorus pentox ...

. Another way uses titanium tetrachloride with

dichlorine hexoxide Dichlorine hexoxide is the chemical compound with the molecular formula , which is correct for its gaseous state. However, in liquid or solid form, this chlorine oxide ionizes into the dark red ionic compound chloryl perchlorate , which may be tho ...

. This forms a complex with Cl₂O₆ which when warmed to 55° in a vacuum, sublimes and can crystallise the pure anhydrous product from the vapour.

In the salt dicaesium hexaperchloratotitanate, Cs₂Ti(ClO₄)₆ the perchlorate groups are

monodentate In coordination chemistry, denticity () refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex. In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals ...

, connected by one oxygen to titanium. Titanium perchlorate can also form complexes with other

ligand In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electr ...

s bound to the titanium atom including binol, and

gluconic acid Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid. In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid fo ...

. A polymeric oxychlorperchlorato compound of titanium, Ti₆O₄Cl_x(ClO₄)_16−x, is made from excess TiCl₄ and dichlorine hexoxide. This has a varying composition, and ranges from light to dark yellow.

References

{{perchlorates Perchlorates Titanium(IV) compounds

Properties

Formation

Related

References