Tiryaki Hasan Pasha
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Tiryaki Hasan Pasha (
Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...
: ''Tiryaki Hasan Paşa''); Hasan-paša Tiro (Bosnian); also called Alacaatlı Hasan Pasha (1530–1611), was an Ottoman military commander, who participated in the
Long Turkish War The Long Turkish War or Thirteen Years' War was an indecisive land war between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire, primarily over the Principalities of Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia. It was waged from 1593 to 1606 but in Europ ...
. He received his education in the Enderun school.


Biography

He was one of the attendants of Prince ( tr, Şehzade) Murad when Murad was the governor of
Manisa Manisa (), historically known as Magnesia, is a city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province. Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port cit ...
. After Murad became sultan (
Murad III Murad III ( ota, مراد ثالث, Murād-i sālis; tr, III. Murad; 4 July 1546 – 16 January 1595) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. His rule saw battles with the Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Saf ...
), Hasan was promoted to provincial governor. After a short time, he was sent to
Szigetvár Szigetvár (; hr, Siget; tr, Zigetvar; English: Islandcastle; german: Inselburg) is a town in Baranya County in southern Hungary. History The town's fortress was the setting of the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566. It was a sanjak centre at first ...
as a governor and served as the
Beylerbey ''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit=bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks ...
of
Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
in 1594. He participated in the Vaç Expedition in October 1595. In a battle in
Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and so ...
, when those around him retreated, Tiryaki Hasan Pasha were said rode his horse alone and prevented the battlefield completely overrun by the enemies.Mehmed Süreyya (haz. Nuri Akbayar) (1996), ''Sicill-i Osmani'', İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları ISBN 975-333-0383 C.II page.129-13

/ref> Tiryaki also became a somewhat "father figure" towards Transivalnian prince
Gabriel Bethlen Gabriel Bethlen ( hu, Bethlen Gábor; 15 November 1580 – 15 November 1629) was Prince of Transylvania from 1613 to 1629 and Duke of Opole from 1622 to 1625. He was also King-elect of Hungary from 1620 to 1621, but he never took control of th ...
. In 1600 during
Long Turkish War The Long Turkish War or Thirteen Years' War was an indecisive land war between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire, primarily over the Principalities of Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia. It was waged from 1593 to 1606 but in Europ ...
, the Ottoman army occupied
Kanije Nagykanizsa (; hr, Velika Kaniža/Velika Kanjiža, or just ''Kaniža/Kanjiža''; german: Großkirchen, Groß-Kanizsa; it, Canissa; sl, Velika Kaniža; tr, Kanije), known colloquially as Kanizsa, is a medium-sized city in Zala County in southw ...
(modern Nagykanizsa in southwest Hungary). Naģykanizsa fell to Tiryaki Hasan Pasha in 1600, and Tiryaki Hasan Pasha then garrisoned the city with 7,000 men. However, in the next year, Ferdinand II tried to regain the fort, with an army of 50,000, the
siege of Nagykanizsa During the siege of Naģykanizsa ( tr, Kanije Savunması, lit=The Defence of Kanizsa) in 1601, a small Ottoman Empire, Ottoman force held the fortress of Nagykanizsa, Naģykanizsa in western Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary against a much larger c ...
began on 9 September 1601. During the siege and frequent clashes, the Austrians lost 18,000 men. According to the Ottoman record of ''Nagykanzisa Gazavatname'' (Nagykanzisa campaign narrative), Tiryaki Hasan Pasha command his deputy, Kara ömer Agha to let some enemy prisoners escape and melded into enemy forces of "a hundred and fifty ''bandur'', and a five hundred Hungarian cavalry troopers" which present in Nagykanizsa. He instructed Kara ömer to ensure the prisoners hear the soldiers speak in Hungarian. The "escaped prisoners" then spread information that the Ottomans has conducted a secret alliance with the Hungarian and Croatian elements within Habsburg army. This narrative record about Tiryaki Hasan Pasha conduct were considered a
Counterintelligence Counterintelligence is an activity aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or ot ...
tactic employed by him to sow discord among the enemy ranks.In October, Ferdinand had to end the skirmish temporarily because of the coming winter and resorted to construct winter encampments around the fort to continue the siege. until on 18 November 1601, Hasan Pasha organized a surprise charge that totally rout the army of Ferdinand. The skillful hidden movements of one hundred cannons during the defense and the concealing of his main cavalry until the last time were became the success of Tiryaki in defense of Kanije against massive army. the Austrian army was driven back and 47 Austrian cannon were acquired.Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt III'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 38-40 For the next 89 years Kanije was an Ottoman fort. After the victory of Kanije, Hasan Pasha was promoted to Beylerbey (high governor) of Bosnia, and later of Budin and
Rumelia Rumelia ( ota, روم ايلى, Rum İli; tr, Rumeli; el, Ρωμυλία), etymologically "Land of the Names of the Greeks#Romans (Ῥωμαῖοι), Romans", at the time meaning Eastern Orthodox Christians and more specifically Christians f ...
. Tiryaki Hasan Pasa were also planned the military strategy during the Ottoman victorious battle at Oruç Ovası. At the end of the Long Turkish war, Tiryaki Hasan Pasha opposed the conclusive decision to end of the war which resulted in the Ottoman's some territorial losses. Tiryaki Hasan Pasha participated in
Kuyucu Murad Pasha Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; sh, Murat-paša Kujudžić; 1535 – 1611) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I bet ...
's campaign against the
Jelali revolts The Celali rebellions ( tr, Celalî ayaklanmaları), were a series of rebellions in Anatolia of irregular troops led by bandit chiefs and provincial officials known as ''celalî'', ''celâli'', or ''jelālī'', against the authority of the Ottoman ...
in Anatolia. In 1608 he returned to Budin, where he died in 1611.Hasan Paşa A biography of Hasan Pasha
/ref> Ottoman historian Mehmed Süreyya recorded Tiryaki never suffered single defeat in any battles he participated during his life.


Modern culture

''Hikaye-i Tiryaki Gazi Hasan Paşa'' (The History of Tiryaki Hasan Pasha) that was inscribed by Salih Ağa Divitdar on 21 March 1789 which has become a heroic model in Turkish culture, which portrays him based from corpus of ''Gazavat-i Tiryaki Hasan Paşa'' (the military expedition of Tiryaki Hasan) where he was depicted as religious, just, and competent national figure. The portrayal from ''Hikaye'' has spawned legend such as Tiryaki supernatural ability to predict the Habsburg army movement in Szigetvár by observing the unusual behavior from two flocks of birds. His religious image derived from the record that Tiryaki always lead his men to pray before doing particularly difficult battles. the legendary stories about the corpses of fallen Ottoman soldiers in the siege of Nagykanizsa which still intact when unearthed from their burial also further strengthen the pious legend of Tiryaki Hasan, who served as commander of the battle.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasan Pasha, Tiryaki 16th-century people from the Ottoman Empire 1530 births 1611 deaths Military personnel of the Ottoman Empire Pashas People of the Long Turkish War Year of birth uncertain Year of birth unknown 17th-century Ottoman military personnel


External links

* Kılıç, Abdullah, "Hasan Paşa (Tiryaki)", (1999), ''Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi'', İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.1 s.546 ISBN 975-08-0072-9