The

Argentine Civil Wars The Argentine Civil Wars were a series of civil conflicts of varying intensity that took place through the territories of Argentina from 1814 to 1853. Initiation concurrently with the Argentine War of Independence (1810–1820), the conflict pr ...

were a series of internecine wars that took place in

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

from 1814 to 1876. These conflicts were separate from the

Argentine War of Independence The Argentine War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de Argentina, links=no) was a secessionist civil war fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín a ...

(1810 — 1820), though they first arose during this period. The main antagonists were, on a geographical level,

Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires (), officially the Buenos Aires Province (''Provincia de Buenos Aires'' ), is the largest and most populous Argentine province. It takes its name from the city of Buenos Aires, the capital of the country, which used to be part of th ...

against the other provinces of modern Argentina, and on a political level, the Federal Party against the Unitarian Party. The central cause of the conflict was the excessive

centralism Centralisation or centralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, framing strategy and policies become concentrated within a particu ...

advanced by Buenos Aires leaders and, for a long period, the monopoly on the use of the Port of Buenos Aires as the sole means for international commerce. Other participants at specific times included

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

, and the British and

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

empires, notably in the French blockade of the Río de la Plata of 1838 and in the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata that ended in 1850.

Timeline

1829

Juan Manuel de Rosas Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas (30 March 1793 – 14 March 1877), nicknamed "Restorer of the Laws", was an Argentine politician and army officer who ruled Buenos Aires Province and briefly the Argentine Confederation. Althoug ...

and Juan Lavalle sign the

Cañuelas Pact The Cañuelas Pact was an agreement signed on 24 June 1829 between generals Juan Lavalle and Juan Manuel de Rosas, with the aim of ending the civil war in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, which had been going on since the revolution of December ...

. *

is elected governor of Buenos Aires.

1830

* José María Paz defeats

Facundo Quiroga Juan Facundo Quiroga (November 27, 1788 – February 16, 1835) was an Argentine caudillo (military strongman) who supported federalism at the time when the country was still in formation. Early years Quiroga was born in San Antonio, La Ri ...

in the

battle of Oncativo A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

. * Paz establish the

Unitarian League The Unitarian League ( es, Liga Unitaria) also referred to as the League of the Interior () was a league of provinces of Argentina led by José María Paz, established in 1830, aiming to unite the country under unitarian principles. It comprise ...

. *

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe sign the Federal Pact.

1831

* Mendoza and Córdoba join the Federal Pact.

1832

* Santiago del Estero, La Rioja, Tucumán, Salta, San Luis, Catamarca and San Juan join the Federal Pact. * Rosas declines a reelection as governor, the legislature elects

Juan Ramón Balcarce Juan Ramón González de Balcarce (16 March 1773 – 12 November 1836) was an Argentine military leader and politician. Biography Juan was the older brother of Antonio González de Balcarce and of Marcos González de Balcarce. He fought agai ...

1833

* Rosas starts the first conquest of the desert. * Revolution of the Restorers against Balcarce.

Juan José Viamonte Juan José Viamonte González (February 9, 1774 – March 31, 1843) was an Argentine general in the early 19th century. Life and Politics Viamonte was born in Buenos Aires and entered the army in his youth following in his father's footstep ...

replaces him as governor.

1834

* Viamonte resigns, and Manuel Vicente Maza replaces him.

1835

is murdered in Córdoba. *

is appointed governor, with the

sum of public power The sum of public power ( es, Suma del poder público) is a legal term from Argentina, included in its constitution. It represents the sum of the three powers, and deems the complete delegation of them into the executive power as a crime of high ...

. * Rosas established the Customs Law

1836

* Fructuoso Rivera starts a rebellion against Uruguayan president

Manuel Oribe Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana (August 26, 1792 – November 12, 1857) was the 2nd Constitutional president of Uruguay and founder of Uruguay's National Party, the oldest Uruguayan political party and considered one of the two Uruguayan "tr ...

. Birth of the two main Uruguayan parties: Colorados (for Rivera) and Blancos (for Oribe).

1837

* Argentina joins the War of the Confederation. * Execution of the Reinafé brothers, accused of murder of Quiroga.

1838

* France imposes the French blockade of the Río de la Plata to Buenos Aires * Rivera ousted Oribe from power, becoming the new president of Uruguay * Death of Estanislao López, governor of Santa Fe. * Murder of

Alejandro Heredia Alejandro Heredia (1788 – 12 November 1838) was an Argentine soldier and politician. He fought in the war of independence, and in the subsequent civil war. He was governor and ''caudillo'' of Tucumán Province. Early career Alejandro Heredia ...

, governor of Tucuman

1839

* Rivera declares war to Argentina * Berón de Estrada, governor of Corrientes, declares war to Rosas. He was defeated by Echagüe at Pago Largo. * Juan Lavalle invades Entre Ríos * Failed conspiracy of Ramón Maza against Rosas. The

Mazorca The Sociedad Popular Restauradora ( es, Popular Restorer Society) was an Argentine security agency that worked for Juan Manuel de Rosas in the mid-nineteenth century. It is usually equated to the organization called the "Mazorca", which was actuall ...

kills Manuel Maza during the conflict. * Revolution of the "Libres del Sur"

1840

* Juan Lavalle is defeated by

Pascual Echagüe Pascual Echagüe, (16 May 1797 – 2 June 1867) was an Argentine soldier and politician. He served as Governor of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe provinces and Minister of War and Navy during the governments of Urquiza and Derqui. He participat ...

in Entre Ríos at the Battle of Don Cristóbal (10 April 1840) and the Battle of Sauce Grande (16 July 1840). * José María Paz is appointed head of the forces of Corrientes * France lifts the blockade *

defeats Lavalle in Córdoba in the

Battle of Quebracho Herrado The Battle of Quebracho Herrado, fought on 28 November 1840 in the east of Córdoba Province, Argentina, was a victory for the Argentine federal army, led by former Uruguayan president, Brigadier Manuel Oribe over the Unitarian army led by Briga ...

* Domingo Faustino Sarmiento moves to Chile.

1841

* Ángel Pacheco defeats José María Vilela in the

Battle of San Cala The Battle of San Cala (or of Sancala or San Calá), fought in the present-day Minas Department, Córdoba, Argentina, on January 9, 1842, between Unitarian forces and Federalists, who under the command of General Ángel Pacheco, prevented the ...

* Unitarian victory in the Battle of Angaco * Oribe defeats Lavalle in the

battle of Famaillá The Battle of Famaillá (Famaillá, Tucumán Province, Argentina, September 19, 1841), was a Federal Party victory, under the command of former Uruguayan president Manuel Oribe, over the army of the Unitarian Party under general Juan Lavalle, du ...

. * Aráoz de Lamadrid is defeated in the

Battle of Rodeo del Medio The Battle of Rodeo del Medio, fought in Mendoza Province, Argentina on 24 September 1841, was a battle between the Federalist army of Ángel Pacheco and the Unitarian army of Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid during the Argentine Civil Wars. The conseq ...

* Unitarian victory in the

Battle of Caaguazú The Battle of Caaguazú took place in Mercedes Department, in Corrientes Province, Argentina on 28 November 1841, during the Argentine Civil War, between the forces of Entre Ríos Province, commanded by brigadier Pascual Echagüe and Corrientes ...

* Lavalle dies in Jujuy, in a confusing episode * Justo José de Urquiza is appointed governor of Entre Ríos.

Bibliography

* {{Use dmy dates, date=June 2017 Argentine Civil War