The following is a timeline of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

of the city of

Nanjing Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the second largest city in the East China region. T ...

, Jiangsu Province, China.

Prior to 3rd century

* 7000 BCE - Beiyinyang

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several p ...

people active. * 472 BCE - Castle built near Yuhuatai by

Yue (state) Yue (, Old Chinese: ''*''), also known as Yuyue (), was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Sha ...

3rd-12th centuries

* 229 CE - City becomes capital of Wu Kingdom. * 258 CE - Imperial University founded. * 313 - City renamed "Jiankang." * 317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to Jiankang. * 420 - City becomes capital of the

Liu Song Dynasty Song, known as Liu Song (), Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern Dynasty (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period ...

. * 479 - City becomes capital of the Southern Qi Dynasty. * 502 - City becomes capital of the

Liang dynasty The Liang dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Liang () in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was preceded by the South ...

. * 557 - City becomes capital of the Chen Dynasty. * 937 - Nan Tang in power. * 1168 -

Jiangnan Examination Hall The Jiangnan Examination Hall (, Jiangnan Gongyuan), near the Confucius temple, is located in the southern part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. It is the largest examination hall for imperial examination in ancient China. History Jiangnan ...

built.

14th century

* 1367 - Construction of

Ming Palace The Ming Palace (), also known as the "Forbidden City of Nanjing", was the 14th-century imperial palace of the early Ming dynasty, when Nanjing was the capital of China. History 14th century Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the founder and first Emper ...

begun, completed in 1368. * 1368 - City becomes capital of

Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peo ...

, renamed Yingtian. * 1373 - Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375. * 1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to

Xuanwu Lake Xuanwu Lake () is located in Xuanwu District in the central-northeast part of Nanjing, Jiangsu. It is near the Nanjing Railway Station and Jiming Temple. Five islands within the lake are interconnected by arched bridges. Within the park are tem ...

. * 1382 - Drum Tower built. * 1386 - City Wall of Nanjing and Jubao Gate constructed.

15th-18th centuries

* 1408 - ''

Yongle Encyclopedia The ''Yongle Encyclopedia'' () or ''Yongle Dadian'' () is a largely-lost Chinese ''leishu'' encyclopedia commissioned by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty in 1403 and completed by 1408. It comprised 22,937 manuscript rolls or chapters, in 1 ...

'' written. * 1421 - Capital of

relocated from Nanjing to Beijing. * 1430 -

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, part of the former Great Bao'en Temple, is a historical site located on the south bank of external Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. It was a pagoda constructed in the 15th century during the Ming dynasty, but was ...

built. * 1441 - 1441 Yangtze flood. * 1645 - Qing

conquest Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms. Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas of the Indian subcontinent, t ...

of Nanjing; Nanzhili reorganized as

Jiangnan Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (; formerly romanized Kiang-nan, literally "South of the River" meaning "South of the Yangtze") is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, incl ...

, later divided into

Jiangsu Jiangsu (; ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its ca ...

and

Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...

* 1657 - City besieged by forces of

Koxinga Zheng Chenggong, Prince of Yanping (; 27 August 1624 – 23 June 1662), better known internationally as Koxinga (), was a Ming loyalist general who resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century, fighting them on China's southeastern ...

. * 1723 -

Viceroy of Liangjiang The Viceroy of Liangjiang or Viceroy of the Two Jiangs, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Two Yangtze Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs, Provisions and Funds, Manager of Waterways, Director of ...

residence relocated to Nanjing.

19th century

* 1842 ** British in power. ** 29 August: City hosts signing of

Treaty of Nanking The Treaty of Nanjing was the peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later termed the Unequal Treaties. In the ...

. * 1853 -

Taiping __NOTOC__ Taiping, Tai-p’ing, or Tai Ping most often refers to: Chinese history * Princess Taiping (died 713), Tang dynasty princess * Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864), civil war in southern China ** Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864), the re ...

conquest of Nanjing in the First Battle of Nanjing. * 1856 - Second Battle of Nanjing. * 1858 - City designated a

treaty port Treaty ports (; ja, 条約港) were the port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade mainly by the unequal treaties forced upon them by Western powers, as well as cities in Korea opened up similarly by the Japanese Empire. ...

under the

Treaties of Tianjin The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at Tianjin (then romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858. The Qing dynasty, Russian Empire, Second French Empire, United Kingdom, and t ...

. * 1864 -

Third Battle of Nanking The Third Battle of Nanking in 1864 was the last major engagement of the Taiping Rebellion in the Qing Empire. With the fall of Nanking (now spelled Nanjing), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the rebellion came to an end. The Hunan ...

. * 1870 -

Chaotian Palace The Chaotian Palace (, lit. "Palace of Heaven Veneration"), is located in Nanjing, China. It was built as an imperial palace in the Ming dynasty, and today it is known as the Nanjing Municipal Museum. Chaotian Palace area has the largest preser ...

and Presidential Palace built. * 1890 - Naval college opens. * 1899 - Foreign trade begins.

20th century

* 1902 - Sanjiang Normal College (later renamed

Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Normal University (NNU or NJNU; ) is a public research university in Nanjing, China. Founded in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious higher normal schools in China, and has become a research-intens ...

) founded. * 1907 - Jiangnan Library opens. * 1909 - Shanghai-Nanjing railroad opens. * 1910 **

Nanyang industrial exposition The 1910 Nanyang industrial exposition (南洋勸業會) or more internationally known as the 1910 Nanking Exposition was the official world's fair held in Nanking, Qing China on June 5, 1910.HK.huaxia.com.HK.huaxia.com." ''南洋勸業會：南京 ...

. ** Population: 140,000 (approximate). * 1911 ** 10 November: City besieged by Manchu forces. ** 2 December: Rebels take city. * 1921 - Population: 380,000. * 1927 ** March: Nanking Incident. ** Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded. * 1928 **

Central Guoshu Institute The Central Guoshu Institute () was established in Nanjing by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China in March 1928 for the propagation of Chinese martial arts, and was an important center of martial arts during the Nanjing decade. ''Gu ...

established. **

Liu Chi-wen Liu Chi-wen (October 19, 1890 – April 13, 1957, from Guangzhou (Canton)), was a known follower of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Chinese Republic and the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang). He was educated in Japan, at the London Sc ...

becomes mayor. * 1929 -

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum () is situated at the foot of the second peak of Purple Mountain (Nanjing), Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China. Construction of the tomb started in January 1926, and was finished in spring of 1929. The architect was L ...

built. * 1930 -

Wei Tao-ming Wei Tao-ming (; October 28, 1899 – May 18, 1978) was a distinguished Chinese diplomat and public servant. He was prominent as the Republic of China's Ambassador to the United States during the Second World War and foreign minister during t ...

becomes mayor. * 1931 - City becomes capital of the Republic of China. * 1935 - Nanjing–Tongling railway opens. * 1936 - Jiangsu Art Gallery founded. * 1937 **

Nanking Safety Zone The Nanking Safety Zone (; '', Nankin Anzenku'', or , ''Nankin Anzenchitai'') was a demilitarized zone for Chinese civilians set up on the eve of the Japanese breakthrough in the Battle of Nanking (December 13, 1937). Following the example of Jesu ...

set up. ** 9 December:

Battle of Nanking The Battle of Nanking (or Nanjing) was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army for control of Nanking (Nanjing), the capital of the Repu ...

begins. ** 12 December:

USS Panay incident The USS ''Panay'' incident on December 12, 1937, was a Japanese bombing attack on the U.S. Navy river gunboat and three Standard Oil Company tankers on the Yangtze River. They strafed survivors in the water. The boats were rescuing U.S. and Ch ...

. ** 13 December: Japanese forces take city. **

Nanjing Massacre The Nanjing Massacre (, ja, 南京大虐殺, Nankin Daigyakusatsu) or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as ''Nanking'') was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the ...

. * 1940 ** City becomes capital of the

Reorganized National Government of China The Wang Jingwei regime or the Wang Ching-wei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China ( zh , t = 中華民國國民政府 , p = Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guómín Zhèngfǔ ), the government of the pup ...

. ** Cai Pei becomes mayor. * 1941 - Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor. * 1949 - 23 April: People's Liberation Army takes city. * 1952 - Nanjing College of Aviation Industry and

Wutaishan Sports Center Wutaishan Sports Center is a sports center in Nanjing, China. It was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China. It is home to the Wutaishan Stadium. See also *Wutaishan ...

founded. * 1953 - Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded. * 1957 - Population: 1,419,000. * 1958 -

Taiping Kingdom History Museum The Taiping Kingdom History Museum () is a museum dedicated to artifacts from the Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864). It is located on the grounds of the Zhan Yuan Garden, a historical garden in Nanjing, China. History The garden that surrounds the m ...

active. * 1968 **

Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (), previously called the First Nanjing Yangtze Bridge, is a double-decked road-rail truss bridge across the Yangtze River in Nanjing, Jiangsu, connecting the city's Pukou and Gulou districts. Its upper deck i ...

constructed. ** Nanjing Railway Station opens. * 1988 ** December: Nanjing anti-African protests. ** Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established. * 1994 - Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed. * 1995 - City administration re-organized. * 1996 -

Jiangsu Dragons Jiangsu Dragons Kentier (), also known as Jiangsu Dragons or Jiangsu Kentier, are a Chinese professional basketball team in the Southern Division of the Chinese Basketball Association, based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. History In the 2004–05 seaso ...

basketball team formed. * 1997 - Lukou Airport opens. * 2000 -

Jiangning District Jiangning District () is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China. The District has a population of 1,025,000 and an area of 1600 square kilometers. It includes southern and south-eastern suburbs of Nanjing. Jiangnin ...

becomes part of Nanjing municipality.

21st century

* 2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed. * 2002 ** Jiangpu and Liuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality. ** Luo Zhijun becomes mayor. * 2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens. * 2005 **

Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge The Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge, formerly Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge, is the first cable-stayed bridge with steel tower stanchions located in Nanjing, China. It is the third crossing of the Yangtze River at Nanjing. The cable-st ...

and

Nanjing Olympic Sports Center The Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre Stadium () is used mostly for football as well as for other sport of athletics. It is located in Hexi New Town, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, and covers an area of 89.6 hectares, with a total construction area of about ...

opens. ** Nanjing Metro and Nanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating. ** 10th National Games of China held. * 2008 ** Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating. **

World Urban Forum The World Urban Forum (WUF) is the world’s premier conference on urban issues. It was established in 2001 by the United Nations to examine one of the most pressing issues facing the world today: rapid urbanisation and its impact on communities, ...

held. * 2009 -

Zifeng Tower Zifeng Tower (Greenland Center-Zifeng Tower or Greenland Square Zifeng Tower, formerly Nanjing Greenland Financial Center) is a supertall skyscraper (special class of skyscraper) in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The 89-story building completed in 2010 co ...

built. * 2010 ** 28 July: Chemical plant explosion. ** Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built. * 2013 -

Air pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different typ ...

in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72

PM2.5 Particulates – also known as atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The ter ...

and 137

PM10 Particulates – also known as atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The te ...

, much higher than recommended.

References

''This article incorporates information from the

Chinese Wikipedia The Chinese Wikipedia () is the written vernacular Chinese (a form of Mandarin Chinese) edition of Wikipedia. It is run by the Wikimedia Foundation. Started on 11 May 2001, the Chinese Wikipedia currently has articles and registered users, o ...

.''

Bibliography

Published in the 14th–19th centuries * *

https://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/guide/guide-chinese.html] * * * Published in the 20th century * * * * * * Published in the 21st century *

External links

Items related to Nanjing
various dates (via

Digital Public Library of America The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after two and a half years of dev ...

).
Items related to Nanking
various dates (via

Europeana Europeana is a web portal created by the European Union containing digitised cultural heritage collections of more than 3,000 institutions across Europe. It includes records of over 50 million cultural and scientific artefacts, brought togethe ...

). {{Use dmy dates, date=March 2017

Nanjing

nanjing Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the second largest city in the East China region. T ...