The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale represen ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

of the

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

Prior to 16th century

* 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established. * 1038 - Capital of Poland relocated from

Gniezno Gniezno (; german: Gnesen; la, Gnesna) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, ...

Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

to Kraków. * 1044 -

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

Abbey established in

Tyniec Tyniec is a historic village in Poland on the Vistula river, since 1973 a part of the city of Kraków (currently in the district of Dębniki). Tyniec is notable for its Benedictine abbey founded by King Casimir the Restorer in 1044. Etymology ...

near Kraków. * 1079 - Capital of Poland relocated from Kraków to

Płock Płock (pronounced ) is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, in the Masovian Voivodeship. According to the data provided by GUS on 31 December 2021, there were 116,962 inhabitants in the city. Its full ceremonial name, according to th ...

. * 1138 ** Capital of Poland relocated from Płock back to Kraków. ** Kraków becomes the capital of the newly formed

Seniorate Province Seniorate Province, also known as the Senioral Province, , was a district principality in the Duchy of Poland that was formed in 1138, following the fragmentation of the state. Its ruler held the title of the High Duke, ruling all duchies wit ...

. * 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date). * 1241 - Kraków sacked by Mongol forces during the

first Mongol invasion of Poland The Mongol Invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the Battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia. ...

. * 1257 - The town granted

Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...

, signing of '. * 1290 - Town captured by

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia Wenceslaus II Přemyslid ( cs, Václav II.; pl, Wacław II Czeski; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1 ...

. * 1306 - Kraków taken by

Władysław Łokietek Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: Famous people Mononym * W ...

. * 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date). * 1315 - 27 June: Polish-Danish-Norwegian-Swedish alliance concluded in Kraków. * 1320 ** 20 January: Coronation of Władysław I Łokietek as King of Poland in the

Wawel Cathedral The Wawel Cathedral ( pl, Katedra Wawelska), formally titled the Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus, is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland. Nearly 1000 years old, it is part of the ...

, as the first Polish king to be crowned in Kraków. ** Kraków becomes the official coronation site for the kings of Poland. * 1333 ** Burial of Władysław I Łokietek in the Wawel Cathedral as the first Polish king to be buried there. ** Wawel Cathedral becomes the official burial site for the kings of Poland. * 1364 ** 12 May:

Cracow Academy The Jagiellonian University ( Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university ...

founded. ** 22–27 September: Congress of Kraków. **

and Collegium Maius built. * 1384 - 16 October: Royal coronation of Queen

Jadwiga of Poland Jadwiga (; 1373 or 137417 July 1399), also known as Hedwig ( hu, Hedvig), was the first woman to be crowned as monarch of the Kingdom of Poland. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. She was the youngest daughter of Louis the Grea ...

in the Wawel Cathedral. * 1386 ** 15 February: Baptism of

Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło ()He is known under a number of names: lt, Jogaila Algirdaitis; pl, Władysław II Jagiełło; be, Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. ...

in the Wawel Cathedral. ** 18 February: Royal wedding of Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga of Poland. ** 4 March: Royal coronation of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral. * 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date). * 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built. * 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built. * 1399 - Burial of Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Princess Elizabeth Bonifacia in the Wawel Cathedral. * 1407 -

Synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of wor ...

built in

Kazimierz Kazimierz (; la, Casimiria; yi, קוזמיר, Kuzimyr) is a historical district of Kraków and Kraków Old Town, Poland. From its inception in the 14th century to the early 19th century, Kazimierz was an independent city, a royal city of the Cr ...

. * 1417 - Royal coronation of

Elizabeth Granowska Elizabeth Granowska or Elisabeth Pilecki ( pl, Elżbieta Granowska z Pileckich / Elżbieta z Pilczy; – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen consort of Poland (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of L ...

as Queen consort of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral. * 1420 - Bellmakers guild established. * 1443 - Earthquake, which caused damage to the Saint Catherine Church. * 1491 **

Paper mill A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt ...

established in Prądnik Czerwony. **

Printing press A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the ...

in operation. **

Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (; pl, Mikołaj Kopernik; gml, Niklas Koppernigk, german: Nikolaus Kopernikus; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulat ...

begins studies in Kraków.

16th to 18th centuries

* 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of

. * 1525 ** 8 April:

Treaty of Kraków The Treaty of Kraków was signed on 8 April 1525 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. It officially ended the Polish–Teutonic War.John Freely Celestial Revolutionary: Copernicus, the Man and His Universe ...

signed. ** 10 April: Prussian Homage. * 1558 - Establishment of a permanent postal connection between Kraków and

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

; foundation of

Poczta Polska Poczta Polska ( lit. ''Polish Post'') is the state postal administration of Poland, initially founded in 1558. It is the largest mail-handling company in the country, which additionally provides courier, banking, insurance and logistics serv ...

. * 1566 - built (near St. Florian's Gate). * 1587 - Kraków besieged by

Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria Maximilian III of Austria, briefly known as Maximilian of Poland during his claim for the throne (12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618), was the Archduke of Further Austria from 1612 until his death. Biography Born in Wiener Neustadt, Maximilian ...

. * 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by

Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...

(approximate date). * 1610 -

Bagel A bagel ( yi, בײגל, translit=beygl; pl, bajgiel; also spelled beigel) is a bread roll originating in the Jewish communities of Poland. It is traditionally shaped by hand into a roughly hand-sized ring from yeasted wheat dough that is fi ...

first mentioned. * 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt. * 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built. * 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on . * 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces. * 1661 - '' Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny'' newspaper begins publication. * 1702 -

Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706) The Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706), also known as Charles XII's invasion of Poland or the Polish front of the Great Northern War, was a conflict in eastern Europe overshadowed by the ongoing Great Northern War fought between the Swedi ...

: City taken by forces of

Charles XII of Sweden Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of ...

. * 1703 - Church of St. Anne rebuilt. * 1768 ** City taken by Russian forces. **

St. Florian's Church The Collegiate Church of St. Florian ( pl, Kościół św. Floriana w Krakowie) is a historic church in Kraków, Poland. It stands at the northern end of Matejko Square and the former centre of the mediaeval city of Kleparz, now a district of Kr ...

rebuilt. * 1775 - 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Polish

Crown Army The Crown Army was the land service branch of the military forces of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It existed from the establishment of the federation in 1569 until the Third Partition of Poland Th ...

stationed in Kraków. * 1781 -

Theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perfor ...

opens. * 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded. Widok Krakowa

* 1794 ** 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square. ** Polish 3rd Infantry Regiment stationed in Kraków. ** June: Prussians in power. * 1795 - City annexed by

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

in the

Third Partition of Poland The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polis ...

19th century

* 1809 - City becomes part of the

Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during ...

. * 1810 - Population: 23,612. * 1815 -

Republic of Krakow The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory, more commonly known as the Free City of Cracow, and the Republic of Cracow, was a city republic created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which included the Polish ...

established per Congress of Vienna. * 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except

tower A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures. Towers are specific ...

). * 1823 - Kościuszko Mound completed. * 1829 -

Fryderyk Chopin The Fryderyk is the annual award in Polish music. Its name refers to the original Polish spelling variant of Polish composer Frédéric Chopin's first name. Its status in the Polish public can be compared to the American Grammy and the UK's ...

visited Kraków. * 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces. * 1846 ** February:

Kraków Uprising The Kraków uprising ( Polish: ''powstanie krakowskie'', ''rewolucja krakowska''; German: ''Krakauer Aufstand''; Russian: ''краковское восстание'') of 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and ...

against Austrian forces; established. ** November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established. * 1847 -

Kraków Główny railway station Kraków Główny, in English Kraków Main, is the largest and the most centrally located railway station in Kraków, Poland. The railway station was situated in a historical building, constructed between 1844 and 1847 by Rosenbaum, which lies p ...

built. * 1848 - ' newspaper begins publication. * 1850 ** 18 February:

Archaeological Museum of Kraków The Archaeological Museum of Kraków ( pl, Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie) is a historic museum in Kraków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland. It was established in 1850. History The Archaeological Museum in Kraków is the oldest archaeological ...

established. ** 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850. * 1851 - Population: 41,086. * 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun discovered; unrest ensues. * 1873 -

School of Fine Arts The School of Fine Arts or College of Fine Arts is the official name or part of the name of several schools of fine arts, often as an academic part of a larger university. These include: The Americas North America *Alabama School of Fine ...

and

Academy of Learning Academy of Learning ( pl, Akademia Umiejętności; AU) was a primary Polish scientific institution during the annexation of Poland established in 1871. It was founded in Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the ol ...

active. * 1879 -

National Museum, Kraków The National Museum in Kraków ( pl, Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie), popularly abbreviated as MNK, is the largest museum in Poland, and the main branch of Poland's National Museum, which has several independent branches with permanent collections arou ...

established. * 1883 - The first ever liquefaction of

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements ...

and

nitrogen Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at se ...

performed by

Zygmunt Wróblewski Zygmunt, Zigmunt, Zigmund and spelling variations thereof are masculine given names and occasionally surnames. People so named include: Given name Medieval period * Sigismund I the Old (1467–1548), Zygmunt I Stary in Polish, King of Poland and Gr ...

and Karol Olszewski in Kraków. * 1885 -

Park Krakowski Park Krakowski is a city park located in Kraków, in southern Poland. The park, founded in 1885, was modelled after similar parks in Vienna.

established. * 1890 - Population: 76,025. * 1893 -

Municipal Theatre A municipal theatre is a theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific ...

opens. * 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square. * 1900 ** Nicolaus Copernicus Monument unveiled. ** Population: 91,310.

20th century

1900–1939

* 1904 - Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum opened. * 1905 -

Zielony Balonik Zielony Balonik (literally, ''the Green Balloon'') was a popular literary cabaret founded in Kraków by the local poets, writers and artists during the final years of the Partitions of Poland. The venue was a gourmet restaurant of Apolinary J. Mic ...

literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street. * 1906 -

Cracovia Cracovia is the Latin name for the Polish city of Kraków (Cracow). It may refer to: * Cracovia SC Cracovia Soccer Club is a Association football, football team based in Beechboro, Western Australia, and is the footballing arm of the Cracovia Cl ...

and

Wisła Kraków Towarzystwo Sportowe Wisła Kraków Spółka Akcyjna, commonly referred to as Wisła Kraków (), is a Polish professional football club based in Kraków. It currently competes in the I liga, the second level of Polish football league system. ...

football clubs founded. * 1909 -

Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra The Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra or the Symphony Orchestra of the Karol Szymanowski Philharmonic ( pl, Orkiestra Symfoniczna Filharmonii im. Karola Szymanowskiego) is a professional symphony orchestra based in Kraków, Poland. The national status ...

founded. * 1910 ** 15 July:

Grunwald Monument The Grunwald Monument (Polish language, Polish: ''Pomnik Grunwaldzki'') is an equestrian statue of King of Poland Władysław II Jagiełło (1352–1434) located at Matejko Square in Kraków Old Town, Kraków's Old Town and constructed in 1910 to c ...

unveiled. ** Population: 151,781. * 1916 - (cinema) opens. * 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed. * 1918 - City becomes part of reborn Poland. * 1919 -

Wawel Kraków Wawel Kraków is a Polish multisports club based in Kraków, Poland. It was founded in 1919. Wawel Kraków was the first Polish club to win the Young Leaders Rally Cup back in 1952. They won the final against their rivals from Cracovia by beatin ...

football club founded. * 1920 - Population: 176,463. * 1921 **

Garbarnia Kraków K.S. Garbarnia Kraków is a Polish football and sports club from Ludwinów, a historical district of the city of Kraków. The club's name comes from the nearby tannery () of the Dłużyński brothers, which was the original club sponsor. Garbarni ...

football club founded. **

wins its first Polish football championship. * 1923 -

ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice ...

team founded. * 1927 -

wins its first Polish football championship. * 1929 ** Kraków Zoo opens. **

wins its first Polish men's basketball championship. **

wins its first Polish women's basketball championship. * 1930 -

Wawel Castle The Wawel Royal Castle (; ''Zamek Królewski na Wawelu'') and the Wawel Hill on which it sits constitute the most historically and culturally significant site in Poland. A fortified residency on the Vistula River in Kraków, it was established ...

museum established. * 1931 **

Kraków Philharmonic The Kraków Philharmonic ( pl, Filharmonia Krakowska) is the primary concert hall in Kraków, Poland. It is one of the largest auditoriums in the city. It consists of the main hall for orchestral performances with 693 seats, and two smaller ven ...

hall opens. **

wins its first Polish football championship. ** Population: 219,300. * 1933 ** (art group) formed. **

wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship. * 1937 -

wins its first Polish ice hockey championship.

World War II (1939–1945)

* 1939 ** 6 September: German forces

enter Enter or ENTER may refer to: * Enter key, on computer keyboards * Enter, Netherlands, a village * ''Enter'' (magazine), an American technology magazine for children 1983–1985 * ''Enter'' (Finnish magazine), a Finnish computer magazine * Enter ...

city. ** 12 September: The '' Einsatzgruppe zbV'' entered the city. ** 12 September: Execution of 10 Jews by the Germans. ** September: Dulag transit camp for Polish prisoners of war established by the Germans. ** September: ''Organizacja Orła Białego'' underground Polish resistance organization founded. ** 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German

General Government The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...

of occupied Poland. ** 6 November: 183 Polish professors and lecturers arrested by the Germans during ''

Sonderaktion Krakau ''Sonderaktion Krakau'' was a German operation against professors and academics of the Jagiellonian University and other universities in German-occupied Kraków, Poland, at the beginning of World War II. It was carried out as part of the much bro ...

''. ** 9–10 November: Mass arrests of 120 Poles, incl. teachers, students and judges, during the ''

Intelligenzaktion The ''Intelligenzaktion'' (), or the Intelligentsia mass shootings, was a series of mass murders which was committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the ...

''. * 1939–1940 - Massacres of over 1,700 Poles at Fort 49 of the

Kraków Fortress Kraków fortress ( Polish: ''Twierdza Kraków'', German: ''Festung Krakau'') refers in the narrow sense to the 19th century Austro-Hungarian fortifications, and in the larger sense - to the interconnected fortifications in Kraków, Poland, includi ...

and the adjacent forest. * 1940 ** 30 March: Mass arrests of Poles during the '' AB-Aktion''. ** July: Dulag camp dissolved. * 1941 - March:

Kraków Ghetto The Kraków Ghetto was one of five major metropolitan Nazi ghettos created by Germany in the new General Government territory during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It was established for the purpose of exploitation, terror, and ...

of Jews established by occupying Germans. * 1942 ** 15 April:

Baudienst Baudienst (from German, lit. "building service" or "construction service"), full name in German ''Baudienst im Generalgouvernement'' (Construction Service in the General Government), was a forced labour organization created by Nazi Germany in the G ...

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of ex ...

camp established by the Germans. ** 5 June:

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, internment camps, and military prisons. ...

for Dutch, Belgian and

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

POWs established by the Germans. ** Local branch of the

Żegota Żegota (, full codename: the "Konrad Żegota Committee"Yad Vashem Shoa Resource CenterZegota/ref>) was the Polish Council to Aid Jews with the Government Delegation for Poland ( pl, Rada Pomocy Żydom przy Delegaturze Rządu RP na Kraj), an un ...

underground Polish resistance organization established to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. ** October:

Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp Płaszów () or Kraków-Płaszów was a Nazi concentration camp operated by the SS in Płaszów, a southern suburb of Kraków, in the General Governorate of German-occupied Poland. Most of the prisoners were Polish Jews who were targeted for de ...

established by the Germans. * 1943 - March: Liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto. * 1944 ** 22 July: Baudienst forced labour camp dissolved. ** 6 August: Stalag 369 camp dissolved. ** Deportations of Poles by the occupiers from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków to Kraków during and following the

Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising ( pl, powstanie warszawskie; german: Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led ...

. * 1945 ** January: Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp evacuated by the occupiers and dissolved. ** January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.

1945–2000

* 1945 –

Historical Museum of Kraków The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków ( pl, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa) in Kraków, Lesser Poland, was granted the status of an independent institution in 1945. Originally, it was a branch of the Old Records Office of Kraków, in oper ...

established. * 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established. * 1949 ** '' Gazeta Krakowska'' newspaper begins publication. ** Development of Nowa Huta area begins. * 1950 ** founded. ** Population: 347,500. * 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established. * 1954 ** Lenin Steelworks begins operating. **

Opera Krakowska The Opera Krakowska (also known as the Kraków Opera) is an opera house located in Kraków, Poland. It was founded in 1954 in postwar Kraków, although the tradition of opera in the city dates back to 1628 when the first ever full libretto in Po ...

founded. **

wins its first Polish men's basketball championship. * 1955 **

Cricot 2 Cricot 2 was a Polish experimental theatre company based in Kraków. It was founded in 1955 by the renowned theatre director, professional painter and assemblage artist, avantgarde set designer and art theorist Tadeusz Kantor, with artwork in the ...

theatre group formed. ** Population: 428,231. * 1956 ** 28 October: Start of mass

blood donation A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole blood components). Donation may be of whole bl ...

for the

Hungarian Revolution of 1956 The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 10 November 1956; hu, 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the Hunga ...

(see also '' Hungary–Poland relations''). ** Raising of funds, food and medical supplies for the Hungarians. ** 30 October, 5 November: Protests against the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

suppression of the Hungarian Revolution. * 1959 ** Krzysztofory Gallery and Kino Mikro (cinema). open. **

wins its first Polish women's basketball championship. **

wins its first Polish women's volleyball championship. * 1961 -

Kraków Film Festival The Kraków Film Festival ( pl, Krakowski Festiwal Filmowy) is one of Europe's oldest events dedicated to documentary, animation and other short film forms. It has been organised every year since 1961. The Artistic President of the festival is ...

begins. * 1963 -

wins its first Polish women's basketball championship. * 1964 ** Balice Airport begins operating. **

Polish Aviation Museum The Polish Aviation Museum ( pl, Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie) is a large museum of historic aircraft and aircraft engines in Kraków, Poland. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Ai ...

established. **

Karol Wojtyła Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...

becomes Catholic

archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdio ...

. * 1965 – Population: 520,145. * 1967 - (cinema) opens. * 1973 -

becomes part of Kraków. * 1974 - Population: 662,900. * 1978 ** May: Kraków co-hosts the

1978 UEFA European Under-18 Championship The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1978 Final Tournament was held in Poland. It also served as the European qualification for the 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship. Qualification Group 1 Group 4 Other groups Teams The ...

. ** Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO

World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...

. * 1979 -

Hutnik Kraków Hutnik Kraków (Polish pronunciation: ) is a Polish football club based in Kraków, Poland. History The club was founded in 1950. Hutnik have played seven seasons in the Polish Ekstraklasa (Polish first division). The team's greatest success is ...

wins its first Polish handball championship. * 1988 **

wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship. **

Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków The Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków ( pl, Festiwal Kultury Żydowskiej w Krakowie, yi, ייִדישער קולטור־פֿעסטיוואַל אין קראָקע) is an annual cultural event organized since 1988 in the once Jewish district of ...

begins. * 1990 - ' newspaper begins publication. * 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies establishe

* 1997 - The Cracow Klezmer Band, Cracow Klezmer Band formed. * 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor. * 1999 - City becomes part of the

Lesser Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Lesser Poland Province (in pl, województwo małopolskie ), also known as Małopolska, is a voivodeship (province), in southern Poland. It has an area of , and a population of 3,404,863 (2019). It was created on 1 ...

. * 2000 - City designated a European Capital of Culture.

21st century

* 2001 - Honorary Consulate of

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of ...

opened. * 2002 -

Jacek Majchrowski Jacek Maria Majchrowski (born 13 January 1947 in Sosnowiec) is a Polish politician, lawyer, historian, professor at the Jagiellonian University, and the current mayor of Kraków since 2002; making him the longest serving mayor in the history of t ...

becomes mayor. * 2004 ** 17 April: First

khachkar A ''khachkar'', also known as a ''khatchkar'' or Armenian cross-stone ( hy, խաչքար, , խաչ xačʿ "cross" + քար kʿar "stone") is a carved, memorial stele bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, in ...

in Poland unveiled. ** 7 May: First Kraków Equality March. * 2006 -

Galeria Krakowska ''Galeria Krakowska'' is a shopping mall in Kraków, Poland, located adjacent to the city's Kraków Główny railway station, main railway station. Development Galeria Krakowska has 270 specialty shops, cafés, and restaurants on three floors in ...

shopping mall in business. * 2008 ** Kraków Fast Tram begins operating. ** International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins. * 2009 ** (cinema) opens. **

Sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of inter ...

relationship established with

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17t ...

, USA.

* 2010 ** 1 February:

Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków The Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków (MOCAK), ( pl, links=no, Muzeum Sztuki Współczesnej w Krakowie), is a contemporary art gallery in Kraków, Poland that opened on 19 May 2011. Situated 3 kilometres from the centre of the city, on a demo ...

opened. ** 18 April: State funeral of Lech and Maria Kaczyński. ** 10 June:

Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory ( pl, Fabryka Emalia Oskara Schindlera) is a former metal item factory in Kraków. It now hosts two museums: the Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, on the former workshops, and a branch of the Historical M ...

museum opened. ** 17 July:

Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (; – 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist and composer who became a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the new nation's Prime Minister and foreign minister during which he signed the Treaty of Versaill ...

monument erected in . ** 30 September: opened. * 2012 - Population: 758,300. * 2013 ** 8–9 October:

Arraiolos Group The Arraiolos Group is an informal meeting of Presidents of parliamentary and semi-presidential European Union member states, held roughly once in a year. A political forum for the heads of state of parliamentary republics and also some semi-pr ...

meeting held. **

Air pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different type ...

in Krakow reaches annual mean of 37 PM2.5 and 51

PM10 Particulates – also known as atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The ...

, more than recommended. * 2014 ** May: Tauron Arena opens. ** May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn. * 2016 ** January: Kraków co-hosts the

2016 European Men's Handball Championship The 2016 EHF European Men's Handball Championship was the twelfth edition and was held for the first time in Poland from 15–31 January 2016. Croatia and Norway were the other applicants in the bidding process. Poland was awarded the championsh ...

. ** 13–17 July: Kraków hosts the final round of the

2016 FIVB Volleyball World League The 2016 FIVB Volleyball World League was the 27th edition of the annual men's international volleyball tournament which was played by a record of 36 teams from 16 June to 17 July 2016. The Group 1 final round was held in Kraków, Poland. After b ...

. ** 26–31 July: Kraków hosts the

World Youth Day 2016 World Youth Day 2016 (WYD 2016; pl, Światowe Dni Młodzieży 2016) was the 15th World Youth Day, an international event organised by the Catholic Church and focused on faith and youth that took place from 26 to 31 July 2016 in Kraków, Polan ...

. * 2017 ** June: Kraków co-hosts the

2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship The 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship (also known as UEFA Under-21 Euro 2017) was the 21st edition of the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, a biennial international youth football championship organised by UEFA for the men's under-21 na ...

. ** August–September: Kraków co-hosts the

2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship The 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 30th edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. The tournament was held in Poland between 24 August and 3 September. Rus ...

. * 2021 ** June: Honorary Consulate of

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

opened. ** September: Kraków co-hosts the

2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship The 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 32nd edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, CEV. For the second time, the EuroVolley was held in four countries: Poland, Cze ...

. * 2023 ** January: Kraków co-hosts the

2023 World Men's Handball Championship The 2023 IHF World Men's Handball Championship is the 28th such event hosted by the International Handball Federation. It is currently being held in Poland and Sweden from 11 to 29 January 2023. Denmark men's national handball team, Denmark are t ...

. ** June–July: Kraków hosts the

2023 European Games The 3rd European Games ( pl, III Igrzyska Europejskie, Igrzyska Europejskie 2023), informally known as Kraków-Małopolska 2023, is a scheduled international sporting event to be held in Kraków and Małopolska, Poland in 2023. All Olympic sports h ...

References

''This article incorporates information from the

Polish Wikipedia The Polish Wikipedia ( pl, Polskojęzyczna Wikipedia) is the Polish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. Founded on September 26, 2001, it now has more than articles, making it the -largest Wikipedia edition overall.

and

German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedi ...

.''

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries * * * * * * * * * * Published in 20th century * * * * * * * * K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), ''Urbanism and human values''. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128. * * Published in 21st century * * * *

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of Krakow Krakow Years in Poland