The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representi ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

of the

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Harare Harare (; formerly Salisbury ) is the capital and most populous city of Zimbabwe. The city proper has an area of 940 km2 (371 mi2) and a population of 2.12 million in the 2012 census and an estimated 3.12 million in its metropolitan ...

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...

Prior to 20th century

* 1890 – Fort Salisbury founded in

Mashonaland Mashonaland is a region in northern Zimbabwe. Currently, Mashonaland is divided into four provinces, * Mashonaland West * Mashonaland Central * Mashonaland East * Harare The Zimbabwean capital of Harare, a province unto itself, lies entirely ...

British South Africa Company The British South Africa Company (BSAC or BSACo) was chartered in 1889 following the amalgamation of Cecil Rhodes' Central Search Association and the London-based Exploring Company Ltd, which had originally competed to capitalize on the expecte ...

. * 1891 – '' Mashonaland Herald and Zambesian Times''

newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports a ...

begins publication. * 1896 – Salisbury Polo Club formed. * 1897 ** Harare Township built. ** Salisbury attains municipal status. * 1899 – Beira-Salisbury railway begins operating.

20th century

* 1902 ** Botswana-Salisbury railway begins operating. ** Queen Victoria Memorial Library founded. * 1915 –

Meikles Hotel Meikles () is the popular name given to Meikles Hotel in central Harare, Zimbabwe, Meikles' department stores in Zimbabwe and Meikles Limited, the company which owns everything including the hotel, the department stores and Meikles' TM Supermarket ...

in business. * 1923 – Town becomes capital of

Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally kn ...

, a self-governing British colony. * 1927 – Salisbury Technical School established. * 1933 – Town House built. * 1936 – Library of the National Archives founded. * 1945 – Railway strike. * 1946 ** Reformed Industrial and Commercial Workers Union established. ** Population: 54,090. * 1948 ** General strike. ** Zimbabwe College of Music established. * 1950 – Gwebe College of Agriculture established. * 1951 ** Stock exchange established. ** Population: 90,024. * 1953 ** City becomes capital of the

Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation or CAF, was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories: the Self-governing colony, self-governing British colony of Southe ...

. ** Helping Hand Club (women's group) formed. * 1955 –

University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland The University of Zimbabwe (UZ) is a public university in Harare, Zimbabwe. It opened in 1952 as the University College of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and was initially affiliated with the University of London. ...

and Salisbury City Youth League established. * 1956 ** Salisbury Airport commissioned. ** Bus boycott. * 1957 – Rhodes National Gallery opens. * 1959 – Pearl Assurance House built. * 1960 – Central Film Laboratories in business. * 1962 ** First International Congress of African Culture held in city. ** Queen Victoria Memorial Library rebuilt. * 1964 – Greenwood Park established. * 1969 – ''

The Financial Gazette ''The Financial Gazette'' is a weekly English language newspaper published in Zimbabwe. The paper, established in 1969, focuses on business, finance, and politics throughout Southern Africa. Headquartered in Harare, the paper also maintains a ...

'' begins publication. * 1970 –

Chapungu Sculpture Park The Chapungu Sculpture Park is a sculpture park in Msasa, Harare, Zimbabwe, which displays the work of Zimbabwean stone sculptors. It was founded in 1970 by Roy Guthrie, who was instrumental in promoting the work of its sculptors worldwide. One ...

founded. * 1972 ** Zimbabwe National Library and Documentation Service headquartered in city. ** Construction of New Mabvuku begins. * 1973 - Population: 502,000 urban agglomeration. * 1975 – Mabvuku High School opens in

Mabvuku Mabvuku is a suburb east of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. History In 2005, Operation Murambatsvina destroyed slums in Mabvuku and other areas of Harare such as Budiriro and Mbare as well as nearby Chitungwiza. By the mid-2010s, the n ...

. * 1977 – 6 August:

Bombing A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanica ...

. * 1978 – Oil storage tanks set on fire by the

Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), a militant African nationalist organisation that participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule of Rhod ...

1980s–1990s

* 1980 18 April: City becomes part of independent

Republic of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...

. * 1981 ** December: Bombing of ZANU-PF headquarters. **

National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe) National Heroes Acre or simply Heroes Acre is a burial ground and national monument in Harare, Zimbabwe. The site is situated on a ridge seven kilometres from Harare, towards Norton. Its stated purpose is to commemorate Patriotic Front guerrillas ...

monument built near city. * 1982 18 April: City renamed "Harare." * 1984 – Harare Publishing House established. * 1985 – Karigamombe Centre built. * 1986 – September: City hosts Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement. * 1990 **

Sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of inter ...

relationship established with

Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line wit ...

, US. **

ZANU–PF Building The ZANU–PF Building is a 15-story high-rise building in Harare, Zimbabwe, which serves as the headquarters of ZANU–PF, the country's ruling party. The top floors of the building hold the offices of the ZANU–PF Politburo, lower floors hold ...

is completed * 1991 – October: City hosts

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991 The 1991 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was the 12th Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in Harare, Zimbabwe, between 16 October 1991 and 21 October 1991, and was hosted by that country's Presi ...

;

Harare Declaration The Harare Commonwealth Declaration was a declaration of the Commonwealth of Nations, setting out the Commonwealth's core principles and values, detailing the Commonwealth's membership criteria, and redefining and reinforcing its purpose. The ...

issued. * 1992 - Population: 1,189,103. * 1995 – September: City hosts

1995 All-Africa Games The 6th All-Africa Games were played from 13 to 23 September 1995 in Harare, Zimbabwe. 46 countries participated in eighteen sports. South Africa, having previously been banned from competition by the other African nations, was invited to the ...

. * 1996 ** Rainbow City Cinema in business. ** Eastgate built. ** Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe headquartered in city. * 1997 – New Reserve Bank tower built. * 1998 **

Weaver Press Weaver Press is a Zimbabwean independent publisher formed in 1998 in Harare.Weaver Press website
The press was ...

publishing house established ** Economic protest. ** Zimbabwe International Film Festival begins. ** December: City hosts meeting of

World Council of Churches The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide Christian inter-church organization founded in 1948 to work for the cause of ecumenism. Its full members today include the Assyrian Church of the East, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, most juri ...

. * 1999 ** '' Daily News'' begins publication. ** Zimbabwe Catholic University established. **

Harare International Festival of the Arts The Harare International Festival of the Arts (HIFA) is one of Africa's largest international arts festivals. Established in 1999 by Manuel Bagorro the festival takes place each year in late April or early May in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe. T ...

begins. ** Media Monitoring Project headquartered in city. * 2000 – Millennium Towers built.

21st century

2000s

* 2001 – ''

Harare Tribune ''The Harare Tribune'' is an online daily newspaper published in Zimbabwe. It is based in Harare and has a staff of 16. Background The ''Tribune'' is among a number of online newspapers that have come to the fore since the ZANU-PF government ...

'' newspaper begins publication. * 2002 –

Elias Mudzuri Elias Mudzuri is a Zimbabwean engineer and politician. Mudzuri was elected to a four-year term as Mayor of Harare, a city of 1.8 million, in March 2002. He was Acting president of Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai, Movement for Democr ...

becomes mayor. * 2003 ** Water shortage. ** Sekesai Makwavarara becomes acting mayor. * 2004 –

Harare International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , (known colloquially as "RGM", or Mugabe Airport) formerly known as the ''Harare International Airport'', is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and ...

terminal built (approximate date). * 2005 –

Operation Murambatsvina Operation Murambatsvina (''Move the Rubbish''), also officially known as Operation Restore Order, was a large-scale Zimbabwean government campaign to forcibly clear slum areas across the country. The campaign started in 2005 and according to Unit ...

. * 2008 ** Emmanuel Chiroto elected mayor, succeeded by Muchadeyi Masunda. ** Harare Residents Trust organised. ** Cholera outbreak. * 2009 **

First Floor Gallery Harare First Floor Gallery Harare is Zimbabwe's first contemporary emerging artist run gallery. The gallery is dedicated to supporting the professional and career development of the new generation of contemporary Zimbabwean artists locally and internati ...

in business. ** Population: 1,513,173.

2010s

* 2010 ** ''

NewsDay ''Newsday'' is an American daily newspaper that primarily serves Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island, although it is also sold throughout the New York metropolitan area. The slogan of the newspaper is "Newsday, Your Eye on LI", and f ...

'' begins publication. ** Zimbabwe Fashion Week begins. ** Joina City tower built. * 2012 - Population: 1,485,231. * 2013 - Bernard Gabriel Manyenyeni becomes mayor. * 2017 - The

military of Zimbabwe The Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) are composed of the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) and the Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ). As a landlocked country, Zimbabwe has no navy. The most senior commander of the ZDF is General Philip Valerio Sibanda. At the ...

seize power and place the president under

house arrest In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to their residence. Travel is usually restricted, if all ...

References

{{reflist

Bibliography

{{Refbegin

Published in 20th century

* {{cite book, editor= Anthony Lemon , title= Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities , url= https://archive.org/details/homesapartsoutha00lemo , url-access= registration , publisher=Indiana University Press , isbn=0-253-33321-0 , year=1991 , chapter=Harare , author =Neil Dewar * {{Citation , publisher = Baobab Books , isbn = 0908311354 , location = Harare, Zimbabwe , title = To live a better life: an oral history of women in the city of Harare, 1930–70 , author1 = Terri Barnes , author2-link = Everjoice Win , author2 = Everjoice Win , date = 1992 * {{Citation , publisher = John Wiley & Sons , isbn = 9780471949510 , title = Harare: Inheriting a Settler-Colonial City; Change or Continuity? , author = Carole Rakodi , date = 1995 , url-access = registration , url = https://archive.org/details/harareinheriting0000rako * {{cite journal , title=Emergence of independent African trade unions in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, 1920s to 1950s: Toward mass nationalism? , year=1996 , journal= Kleio , author=Nelson T. Samburenia , volume=28 * {{cite journal , title=Poor Women and Nationalist Politics: Alliances and Fissures in the Formation of a Nationalist Political Movement in Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1950-6 , author= Timothy Scarnecchia , journal= Journal of African History , volume=37 , issue= 2 , pages= 283–310 , year=1996 , jstor=183187 , ref= {{harvid, Scarnecchia, 1996 , doi= 10.1017/S0021853700035234 * {{cite book, author=Kinuthia Macharia, title=Social and political dynamics of the informal economy in African cities: Nairobi and Harare, year=1997, publisher=University Press of America, isbn=978-0-7618-0840-4, url-access=registration, url=https://archive.org/details/socialpoliticald0000mach * {{Citation , publisher = Heinemann , isbn = 9780325001739 , title = 'We Women Worked so Hard': Gender, Urbanization and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare, Zimbabwe, 1930–1956 , author = Teresa A. Barnes , date = 1999 * {{cite book , chapter=Capital in the city: a history of urban financialflows through colonial Harare , author=Patrick Bond , publisher = Weaver Press Ltd , isbn = 0797419845 , title = Sites of Struggle , editor = Brian Raftopoulos and Tsuneo Yoshikuni , date = 1999

Published in 21st century

* {{citation , title= Governing the Poor in Harare, Zimbabwe , year= 2002 , url= http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Series/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=95517 , publisher=

Nordic Africa Institute Nordic Africa Institute ( sv, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) serves as a research, documentation and information centre on modern Africa for the Nordic countries. The Institute also encourages research and studies on Africa. The institute was founded ...

, location=Sweden , via=

International Relations and Security Network The International Relations and Security Network (ISN) was part of the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, which is located in Zurich, Switzerland. It was an online information service that provided a ...

* {{cite book, author=Oyekan Owomoyela, title=Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe, year=2002, publisher=Greenwood , isbn=978-0-313-31583-1 , chapter=Introduction: Cities: Harare , url= https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00owom , url-access=registration, page=7+ , ref= {{harvid, Owomoyela, 2002 * {{Citation , publisher = Rowman & Littlefield , edition = 3rd , isbn = 084769898X , title = Cities of the World , editor = Stanley D. Brunn , date = 2003 , chapter = Harare , display-editors = etal , chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/citiesofworld00stan * {{cite book , title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History , editor=Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza , publisher=Routledge , year=2003 , isbn=0415234794 , chapter=Harare , author=Alois Mlambo , ref= {{harvid, Mlambo, 2003 * {{cite book, editor= Luc J. A. Mougeot , title=Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture, year= 2005, publisher=

International Development Research Centre The International Development Research Centre (IDRC; french: Centre de recherches pour le développement international, ''CRDI'') is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that funds research and innovation within and alongside developing regions ...

, isbn=978-1-55250-186-3 , chapter= (Harare) * {{cite book, title=Encyclopedia of African History , publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn , isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 , editor=

Kevin Shillington Kevin Shillington is a teacher and a freelance historian based in Dorset, England, United Kingdom. Education He graduated from Trinity College, located in Dublin, Ireland, with a major in modern history in 1968. Shillington did his postgradu ...

, year= 2005 , chapter= Harare * {{cite journal , title=The Return of the Jettisoned: ZANU-PF's Crack at 'Re-Urbanising' in Harare , author= Amin Y. Kamete , journal= Journal of Southern African Studies , volume= 32 , issue= 2 , pages= 255–271 , year=2006 , jstor=25065091 , ref= {{harvid, Kamete, 2006 , doi= 10.1080/03057070600656143 * {{cite journal , title=City Versus State in Zimbabwe: Colonial Antecedents of the Current Crisis , author=Terence O. Ranger , journal=

Journal of Eastern African Studies The ''Journal of Eastern African Studies'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the Eastern African region. It was established in 2007 and is published by Routledge on behalf of the British Institute in Eastern Afric ...

, volume=1 , issue=2 , pages=161–192 , doi=10.1080/17531050701452390 , year=2007 {{free access (Includes information about Harare) * {{Citation , publisher = Ashgate , location = Burlington, VT , editor = Joseph D. Lewandowski and Gregory W. Streich , title = Urban social capital , publication-date = 2011 , chapter= Social Capital Dynamics in the Post-colonial Harare Urbanscape , author=Innocent Chirisa , isbn=9781409412243 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j23uvs9iiTkC , page=199+ , date = 2012-11-28 {{refend

External links

{{Commons category, History of Harare * {{cite web , url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Harare%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D , title= (Harare) , work=

Directory of Open Access Journals The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a website that hosts a community-curated list of open access journals, maintained by Infrastructure Services for Open Access (IS4OA). It was launched in 2003 with 300 open access journals. The proje ...

, location=UK (Bibliography of

open access Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre op ...

{{open access articles) * {{cite web , url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Harare&rows=96 , title= (Harare) , via=

Europeana Europeana is a web portal created by the European Union containing digitised cultural heritage collections of more than 3,000 institutions across Europe. It includes records of over 50 million cultural and scientific artefacts, brought togethe ...

(Images, etc.) * {{cite web , url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Harare&utf8=✓ , title= (Harare) , via=

Digital Public Library of America The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after two and a half years of dev ...

(Images, etc.) * {{cite web , url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Harare&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg , title=(Harare) , publisher=

Frankfurt University Library The Frankfurt University Library (German: ''Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main'', or ''Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg'') is the library for the Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany. Overview It originated in th ...

, work= Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa , location=Germany (Bibliography) * {{cite web , url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Harare&F0=0 , title=(Harare) , work=Connecting-Africa , publisher= African Studies Centre , location=Leiden, Netherlands (Bibliography) * {{cite web , url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Harare , title=(Harare) , work= AfricaBib.org (Bibliography) * {{cite web , url= http://www.blackpast.org/gah/harare-zimbabwe-1890 , title= Harare, Zimbabwe , work=

BlackPast.org BlackPast.org is a web-based reference center that is dedicated primarily to the understanding of African-American history and Afro-Caribbean history and the history of people of Sub-Saharan African ancestry. In 2011 the American Library Associati ...

, location=US

Images

File:President Ali Khamenei in Eighth Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (15).jpg, International Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, held in Harare in 1986 File:Harare Africa Unity 1992.jpg, {{illm, Africa Unity Square, sn, Dandare reKubatana muAfrica, 1992 {{Years in Zimbabwe {{Timelines of cities in Africa History of Harare

Timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representi ...

Years in Zimbabwe