Timeline of Erfurt
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The following is a timeline of the
history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...
of the city of
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, north of the Thuringian Forest. It sits i ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.


Prior to 19th century

* 741 -
Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt The Diocese of Erfurt is a diocese of the Catholic church in Germany. The diocese was created in 1973 as the apostolic administration of Erfurt-Meiningen, and was elevated in 1994 to the current diocese of Erfurt. The diocese is a suffragan of the ...
established. * 755 - Catholic diocese absorbed into that of
Mainz Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main (river), Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-we ...
. * 805 -
Market rights A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural ...
granted by
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...
. * 932 - Religious
Synod of Erfurt The Synod (or Council) of Erfurt was a church council held at Erfurt in northeastern Thuringia under the presidency of Henry I of Germany in 932. Erfurt was attended by ecclesiastics from every region of the Kingdom of Germany save the Duchy of Ba ...
held. * 1060 - Benedictine (monastery) first recorded mention. * 1094 - Old Synagogue construction begins * 1109 - Landgrave of Thuringia in power. * 1255 - Municipal rights granted by bishop . * 1277 - Building of St. Augustine's Monastery begun. * 1290 - Rebuilt St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.. Retrieved 18 November 2016 * 1325 - Stone Merchant's Bridge built. * 1349 - 21 March:
Pogrom A pogrom () is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russia ...
against Jews. * 1392 - University of Erfurt opens. * 1472 - Fire. * 1480 - Building of Cyriaksburg Citadel begun. * 1483 - Saxons in power per Treaty of Amorbach. * 1494 -
Printing press A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a printing, print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in wh ...
in operation. * 1521 - Protestant reformation. * 1664 - Erfurt becomes part of the Electorate of Mainz. * 1665 - Foundation stone for
Petersberg Citadel Petersberg Citadel (German:''Zitadelle Petersberg'') in Erfurt, central Germany, is one of the largest and best-preserved town fortresses in Europe.Stadtverwaltung Erfurt (17 November 2017) ''Petersberg'' Retrieved 23 December 2017 The citadel was ...
laid on 1 June 1665. * 1754 - (learned society) formed.


19th century

* 1802 - Erfurt becomes part of
Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
. * 1806 - 16 October: Prussian forces capitulate to French at Erfurt during the
War of the Fourth Coalition The Fourth Coalition fought against Napoleon's French Empire and were defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. The main coalition partners were Prussia and Russia with Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain also contributing. Excluding Prussia, s ...
. * 1807 -
Principality of Erfurt The Principality of Erfurt (german: Fürstentum Erfurt; french: Principauté d'Erfurt) was a small state in modern Thuringia, Germany, that existed from 1807 to 1814, comprising the modern city of Erfurt and the surrounding land. It was subordi ...
of the French Empire established. * 1808 - International Congress of Erfurt held in the and other venues from 27 September to 14 October 1808 . * 1816 - University of Erfurt closes. * 1840 - (synagogue) built. * 1847 -
Erfurt Hauptbahnhof Erfurt Hauptbahnhof (Erfurt Hbf) or Erfurt Central Station''Erfurt Central Station''
at the ...
(train station) opens. * 1850 -
Erfurt Union The Erfurt Union (german: Erfurter Union) was a short-lived union of List of German Confederation member states, German states under a federation, proposed by the Kingdom of Prussia at Erfurt, for which the Erfurt Union Parliament (''Erfurter Un ...
of German states created. * 1862 - (manufactory) established. * 1863 - (history society) founded. * 1865 - (city archives) established. * 1869 - Nordhausen–Erfurt railway begins operating. * 1875 - (town hall) built. * 1878 -
Topf and Sons J. A. Topf and Sons (german: J. A. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). Originally, it made heating systems and brewing and malting equipment. Later, the company div ...
founded as an engineering firm. It later made crematoria for Nazi concentration camps. * 1878 - the Andreasstrasse Prison opened. * 1880 - Population: 53,254. * 1884 - (synagogue) built. * 1889 - erected on the . * 1891 - Meeting of the
Social Democratic Party of Germany The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Saskia Esken has been the ...
held in city; " Erfurt Program" adopted. * 1895 - Population: 78,174.


20th century

* 1909 - Gutenbergschule (school) opens. * 1911 - becomes part of Erfurt.( de) * 1919 - Population: 129,646. * 1937 - Population: 152,651.( de) * 1938 - Hochheim and become part of Erfurt.( de) * 1940 - started. * 1945 ** April: United States forces take city. ** July: City becomes part of the
Soviet Occupation zone of Germany The Soviet Occupation Zone ( or german: Ostzone, label=none, "East Zone"; , ''Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii'', "Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany") was an area of Germany in Central Europe that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a c ...
. * 1949 - City becomes part of the
German Democratic Republic German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
. * 1945 - ''
Thüringische Landeszeitung ''Thüringische Landeszeitung'' (TLZ) is a German daily newspaper issued since 24 September 1945. Its name is translated as "the newspaper of the state of Thuringia Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ...
'' (newspaper) begins publication. * 1950 ** , Bischleben-Stedten, Dittelstedt, Gispersleben, Marbach, Möbisburg-Rhoda, and Schmira become part of Erfurt.( de) ** City becomes capital of the (district). * 1952 - (synagogue) built. * 1958 - founded. * 1960 - association of Erfurters who moved to West Germany founded. * 1971 - Population: 198,265.( de) * 1974 - opens in the . * 1989 - Demonstrations against the GDR government,Raßloff, Steffen (27 October 2012
Besetzung Stasi-Bezirksverwaltung 1989. Die Angst überwunden. Denkmale in Erfurt (69): Mit der Besetzung der ersten Stasi-Bezirksverwaltung gab Erfurt am 4. Dezember 1989 ein DDR-weites Signal.
Beitrag der Serie Denkmale in Erfurt aus der
Thüringer Allgemeine ''Thüringer Allgemeine'' (TA) is a German newspaper with its head office in Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in ...
o
www.efurt-web.de
Retrieved 6 August 2019
and citizens' occupation of the Stasi district headquarters and Stasi prison in Andreasstrasse. * 1990 ** City becomes capital of state of
Thuringia Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million. Erfurt is the capital and larg ...
in the reunited nation of Germany. ** becomes mayor. ** ''
Thüringer Allgemeine ''Thüringer Allgemeine'' (TA) is a German newspaper with its head office in Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in ...
'' newspaper in publication. * 1993 - University of Erfurt reestablished. * 1994 ** , , Büßleben, Egstedt, Ermstedt, Frienstedt, Gottstedt, Hochstedt, Kerspleben, Kühnhausen, Linderbach, Mittelhausen, Molsdorf, Niedernissa, Rohda, Salomonsborn, Schaderode, Schwerborn, Stotternheim, Tiefthal, Töttelstädt, Töttleben, Urbich, Vieselbach, Wallichen, Waltersleben, and Windischholzhausen become part of Erfurt.( de) ** Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt reestablished. * 1995 - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt (museum) built. * 1997 -
Erfurt Stadtbahn The Erfurt Stadtbahn is a light rail (german: Stadtbahn) network that is the basic public transit system of Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia in Germany. It represents the evolution of the city's original tramway which, outside of the city cente ...
(tram) begins operating.


21st century

* 2001 - April:
Topf and Sons J. A. Topf and Sons (german: J. A. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). Originally, it made heating systems and brewing and malting equipment. Later, the company div ...
squat begins. * 2002 - 26 April:
Erfurt school massacre The Erfurt massacre was a school shooting that occurred on 26 April 2002 at the Gutenberg-Gymnasium, a secondary school in Erfurt, Germany. 19-year-old expelled student Robert Steinhäuser shot and killed 16 people, including 13 staff members, ...
occurs. * 2006 -
Andreas Bausewein Andreas Bausewein (born 5 May 1973) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who serves as mayor of Erfurt. Political career In 1990 Bausewein joined the SPD. From 1995 to 2004 he was state chairman of the party's youth orga ...
becomes mayor. * 2007 -
Erfurter Bahn The (EB, lit. "Erfurt railway") is a railway company and public transit system serving the city of Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia, Germany. is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Erfurt city council, and Süd-Thüringen-Bahn, operating between Er ...
(railway) begins operating. * 2010 - Population: 204,994.( de)


See also

* * List of mayors of Erfurt (1817–present; in German) * * * Thuringia history (state)


References

''This article incorporates information from the
German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedia), ...
.''


Bibliography


in English

* * * * * * *


in German

* (bibliography) * * * * * * * * * * * * Stade, Heinz, et al. (2015) ''Erfurt: eine Stadt im Wandel'', Leipzig: Edition Leipzig.


External links

* Links to fulltex
city directories for Erfurt
via Wikisource

various dates (via Europeana)
Items related to Erfurt
various dates (via Digital Public Library of America) {{Germany year nav
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, north of the Thuringian Forest. It sits i ...
History of Erfurt