A
system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist
Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968, and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007).
Some versions of the system are available online. The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A&M University lists the March 1999 version (and other classification systems).
Texas A&M Flowering Plant Gateway
/ref> James Reveal's course lecture notes (1999) also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time, with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system together with several other classification systems.
For a discussion of the various suffixes
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry g ...
used for superorders (''-florae'' ''vs.'' ''-anae''), see Brummitt 1992, and Thorne 1992. In this latter paper, Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning ''-florae'' for ''-anae'', following contemporary practice.
1968 System
Monocotyledons
Superorders
* Superorder Alimatiflorae
* Superorder Triuridiflorae
* Superorder Liliiflorae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). ...
*: Order Liliales
* Superorder Ariflorae
* Superorder Commeliniflorae
1992 System
The 1992 system lists 69 orders and 440 families
Summary
* Class Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classif ...
angiosperms *: Subclass Magnoliidae _dicotyledons_.html" ;"title="dicotyledons.html" ;"title=" dicotyledons"> dicotyledons ">dicotyledons.html" ;"title=" dicotyledons"> dicotyledons *:: Superorder Magnolianae
Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angi ...
*:: Superorder Nymphaeanae
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging g ...
*:: Superorder Rafflesianae
*:: Superorder Caryophyllanae
*:: Superorder Theanae
*:: Superorder Celastranae
*:: Superorder Malvanae
*:: Superorder Violanae
*:: Superorder Santalanae
*:: Superorder Geranianae
*:: Superorder Rutanae
Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem.
The APG III system of 2009 include ...
*:: Superorder Proteanae
Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists.
The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...
*:: Superorder Rosanae
Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Fag ...
*:: Superorder Cornanae
The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with d ...
*:: Superorder Asteranae
Asterales () is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. While asterids in general are chara ...
*:: Superorder Solananae
The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order.
Taxonomy
Under the older Cronquist system, the latter three families were placed else ...
*:: Superorder Loasanae
Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs ...
*:: Superorder Myrtanae
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014.
The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eu ...
*:: Superorder Gentiananae
Gentianales is an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 20,000 species in about 1,200 genera in 5 families. More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae.
Ma ...
*: Subclass Liliidae
Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae.
Liliidae in T ...
monocotyledons *:: Superorder Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Te ...
*:: Superorder Hydatellanae
*:: Superorder Triuridanae
*:: Superorder Alismatanae
*:: Superorder Aranae
*:: Superorder Cyclanthanae
*:: Superorder Pandananae
*:: Superorder Arecanae
Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes.
Taxonomy
The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogo ...
*:: Superorder Commelinanae
Magnoliidae
*: Subclass Magnoliidae dicotyledons *:: Superorder Magnolianae
Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angi ...
*::: Order Magnoliales
The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants.
Classification
The Magnoliales include six families:
* Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate)
* Degeneriaceae (two ...
*:::: Family Winteraceae
Winteraceae is a primitive family of tropical trees and shrubs including 93 species in five genera. It is of particular interest because it is such a primitive angiosperm family, distantly related to Magnoliaceae, though it has a much more s ...
*:::: Family Illiciaceae
Illiciaceae A.C.Sm. was a family of flowering plants recognized in a number of systems of plant taxonomy. The Illiciaceae is not recognized as a distinct family by the APG III system of plant taxonomy, the most well accepted system in use today ...
*:::: Family Schisandraceae
Schisandraceae is a family of flowering plants with 3 known genera and a total of 92 known species. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to f ...
*:::: Family Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: ''Magnolia'' and '' Liriodendron'' (tulip trees).
Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), t ...
*:::: Family Degeneriaceae
''Degeneria'' is a genus of flowering plants endemic to Fiji. It is the only genus in the family Degeneriaceae. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG III system of 2009), recogniz ...
*:::: Family Himantandraceae
Himantandraceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by the APG II system of 2003, assigned to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. The family consists of only one genus, ''Galbulimima'', of probably two species, trees and shrubs, ...
*:::: Family Eupomatiaceae
''Eupomatia'' is a genus of three flowering shrub species of the Australian continent, constituting the only genus in the ancient family Eupomatiaceae. The Eupomatiaceae have been recognised by most taxonomists and classified in the plant order ...
*:::: Family Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Ma ...
*:::: Family Aristolochiaceae
The Aristolochiaceae () are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is ''Aristolochia'' L.
Description
They are mostly perennial, he ...
*:::: Family Myristicaceae
The Myristicaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, ...
*:::: Family Canellaceae
The Canellaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Canellales.Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. ''Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach'', Third Edition ...
*:::: Family Austrobaileyaceae
''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus consisting of a single species that constitutes the entire flowering plant family Austrobaileyaceae. The species ''Austrobaileya scandens'' grows naturally only in the Wet Tropics rainforests of northe ...
*:::: Family Amborellaceae
''Amborella'' is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Amborellale ...
*:::: Family Trimeniaceae
Trimeniaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades.
It is a small family of one genus, '' Trimenia'', with eight known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016) of woody plants, bearing ess ...
*:::: Family Chloranthaceae
Chloranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They are ...
*:::: Family Monimiaceae
The Monimiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the magnoliid order Laurales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Monimiaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links' ...
*:::: Family Gomortegaceae
''Gomortega keule'' (syn. ''G. nitida''; Spanish names ''keule'', ''queule'', and ''hualhual'') is a tree native to Chile. It is the sole species of the genus ''Gomortega'' and, according to the APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG syste ...
*:::: Family Calycanthaceae
The Calycanthaceae (sweetshrubs or spicebushes) are a small family of flowering plants in the order Laurales. The family contains three genera and only 10 known species , restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions:
* '' Calycanthus'' (thr ...
*:::: Family Lauraceae
*:::: Family Hernandiaceae
The Hernandiaceae are a family of flowering plants (angiosperms) in the order Laurales. Consisting of five genera with about 58 known species, they are distributed over the world's tropical areas, some of them widely distributed in coastal areas ...
*:::: Family Lactoridaceae
*:::: Family Saururaceae
Saururaceae is a plant family comprising four genera and seven species of herbaceous flowering plants native to eastern and southern Asia and North America. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is sometimes known as the "lizard ...
*:::: Family Piperaceae
The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: ''Piper'' ...
*::: Order Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species ...
*:::: Family Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species ...
*::: Order Nelumbonales
*:::: Family Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbonaceae is a family of aquatic flowering plants. ''Nelumbo'' is the sole extant genus, containing ''Nelumbo lutea'', native to North America, and ''Nelumbo nucifera'', widespread in Asia. At least four other genera, ''Nelumbites'', ''Exne ...
*::: Order Paeoniales
*:::: Family Paeoniaceae
The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'' , the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae . Peonies are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ...
*:::: Family Glaucidiaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*::: Order Berberidales
*:::: Family Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the 'tube curare' form ...
*:::: Family Lardizabalaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudic ...
*:::: Family Sargentodoxaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudic ...
*:::: Family Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in ''Berberis''. The species ...
*:::: Family Hydrastidaceae
*:::: Family Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*:::: Family Circaeasteraceae
Circaeasteraceae is a family of two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas.
The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes it and places it ...
*:::: Family Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally known as the poppy family. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperat ...
*:: Superorder Nymphaeanae
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging g ...
*::: Order Nymphaeales
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging ...
*:::: Family Cabombaceae
The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. A common name for its species is water shield. The family is recognised as distinct in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of two genera of ...
*:::: Family Nymphaeaceae
*:: Superorder Rafflesianae
*::: Order Rafflesiales
Rafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) :
* order Ra ...
*:::: Family Hydnoraceae
Hydnoroideae is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. Traditionally, and as recently as the APG III system it given family rank under the name Hydnoraceae. It is now submerged in the Aristolochiaceae. It contains two ge ...
*:::: Family Rafflesiaceae
The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are en ...
*:: Superorder Caryophyllanae
*::: Order Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalai ...
*:::: Family Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*:::: Family Portulacaceae
The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus '' Portulaca''. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera ...
*:::: Family Hectorellaceae
*:::: Family Basellaceae
Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera:
* '' Anredera'' – 12 s ...
*:::: Family Didiereaceae
Didiereaceae is a family of flowering plants found in continental Africa and Madagascar.
It contains 20 species classified in three subfamilies and six genera. Species of the family are succulent plants, growing in sub-arid to arid habitats. Seve ...
*:::: Family Cactaceae
A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Gree ...
*:::: Family Phytolaccaceae
Phytolaccaceae is a family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), a ...
*:::: Family Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a ta ...
*:::: Family Agdestidaceae
*:::: Family Barbeuiaceae
''Barbeuia madagascariensis'' is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar.
''Barbeuia'' has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the ...
*:::: Family Achatocarpaceae
The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical So ...
*:::: Family Stegnospermataceae
*:::: Family Nyctaginaceae
Nyctaginaceae, the four o'clock family, is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. The family has a unique fruit t ...
*:::: Family Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or carpet weeds. They are often called vygies in South Africa and Ne ...
*:::: Family Halophytaceae
''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solit ...
*:::: Family Molluginaceae
The Molluginaceae are a family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. It was previously included in the larger family Aizoaceae. The APG III system of 2009 made no change in the status of the family as compared to the APG II syst ...
*:::: Family Chenopodiaceae
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...
*:::: Family Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...
*:: Superorder Theanae
*::: Order Theales
*:::: Family Dilleniaceae
Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus ''Hibbertia'', which contains many commercially valuabl ...
*:::: Family Actinidiaceae
The Actinidiaceae are a small family of flowering plants. The family has three genera and about 360 species and is a member of the order Ericales.
Distribution
They are temperate and subtropical woody vines, shrubs, and trees, native to As ...
*:::: Family Paracryphiaceae
*:::: Family Stachyuraceae
*:::: Family Theaceae
Theaceae (), the tea family, is a family of flowering plants comprising shrubs and trees, including the economically important tea plant, and the ornamental camellias. It can be described as having from seven to 40 genera, depending on the sour ...
*:::: Family Asteropeiaceae
:''"Asteropeia" may also refer to a figure in Greek mythology, see Antinoe''
''Asteropeia'' is a genus of flowering plants. The genus contains 8 known species of shrubs and small trees, all endemic to Madagascar. It is the sole genus in family ...
*:::: Family Tetrameristaceae
Tetrameristaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family consists of five species, of trees or shrubs, in three genera:
* ''Pelliciera'' in Central and South America
* ''Pentamerista'' in the Guyanas
* ''Tetramerista'' in Southeast Asia
The ...
*:::: Family Pellicieraceae
*:::: Family Chrysobalanaceae
Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of trees and shrubs in 27 genera and about 700 species of pantropical distribution with a centre of diversity in the Amazon. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for ri ...
*:::: Family Symplocaceae
*:::: Family Caryocaraceae
Caryocaraceae ( syn. Rhizobolaceae DC.) is a small family of flowering plants consisting of two genera with 26 species. The family is native to tropical regions of Central and South America, as well as the West Indies
The West Indies is ...
*:::: Family Marcgraviaceae
The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes, and lianas, with alternate, pinnately nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accomp ...
*:::: Family Oncothecaceae
*:::: Family Aquifoliaceae
''Ilex'' (), or holly, is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. ''Ilex'' has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergree ...
*:::: Family Phellinaceae
''Phelline'' is a genus of shrubs and the sole member of the family Phellinaceae, a family of flowering plants endemic to New Caledonia. It is placed in the order Asterales and is related to two other small plant families: Alseuosmiaceae and Arg ...
*:::: Family Sphenostemonaceae
*:::: Family Sarraceniaceae
Sarraceniaceae are a family of pitcher plants, belonging to order Ericales (previously Nepenthales).
The family comprises three extant genera: ''Sarracenia'' (North American pitcher plants), '' Darlingtonia'' (the cobra lily or California pitc ...
*:::: Family Pentaphylacaceae
The Pentaphylacaceae are a small family of plants within the order Ericales. In the APG III system of 2009, it includes the former family Ternstroemiaceae.
Genera
In 2014, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website included 14 genera in the family: Plant ...
*:::: Family Clethraceae
The Clethraceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, ''Clethra'' and '' Purdiaea'', with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, w ...
*:::: Family Cyrillaceae
The Cyrillaceae are a small family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, ''Cliftonia'' and ''Cyrilla'', each containing a single ...
*:::: Family Ochnaceae
Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . In the APG III syst ...
*:::: Family Quiinaceae
*:::: Family Scytopetalaceae
The Lecythidaceae comprise a family (biology), family of about 20 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia.
The most important member of the family in wor ...
*:::: Family Medusagynaceae
*:::: Family Strasburgeriaceae
Strasburgeriaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, only found in New Zealand and New Caledonia. It contains two genera, '' Strasburgeria'' and ''Ixerba''. Both genera have simple, evergreen, alternated leaves, o ...
*:::: Family Ancistrocladaceae
''Ancistrocladus'' is a genus of woody lianas in the monotypic family ''Ancistrocladaceae''. The branches climb by twining other stems or by scrambling with hooked tips. They are found in the tropics of the Old World.
Classification
The APG II ...
*:::: Family Dioncophyllaceae
The Dioncophyllaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of three species of lianas native to the rainforests of western Africa.
Their closest relatives are Ancistrocladaceae. Both families lie within a clade of mostly ...
*:::: Family Nepenthaceae
*:::: Family Bonnetiaceae
*:::: Family Clusiaceae
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae ...
*:::: Family Elatinaceae
*:::: Family Lecythidaceae
The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia.
The most important member of the family in world trade is the B ...
*::: Order Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, and azalea. The order includes trees, bushes, lia ...
*:::: Family Ericaceae
The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
*:::: Family Epacridaceae
*:::: Family Empetraceae
*::: Order Fouquieriales
*:::: Family Fouquieriaceae
*::: Order Styracales
*:::: Family Ebenaceae
*:::: Family Lissocarpaceae
*:::: Family Sapotaceae
240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India
The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
*:::: Family Styracaceae
*::: Order Primulales
Primulales was an order of flowering plants. This order was recognized in several systems with little variation in circumscription (see Bentham & Hooker, Engler and Wettstein system). In the classification system of Dahlgren the Primulales we ...
*:::: Family Theophrastaceae
Theophrastoideae is a small subfamily of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was formerly recognized as a separate family Theophrastaceae. As previously circumscribed, the family consisted of eight genera and 95 species of trees or shr ...
*:::: Family Myrsinaceae
Myrsinoideae is a subfamily of the family Primulaceae in the order Ericales. It was formerly recognized as the family Myrsinaceae, or the myrsine family, consisting of 35 genera and about 1000 species. It is widespread in temperate to tropical ...
*:::: Family Primulaceae
The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...
*:::: Family Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.
Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow ...
*::: Order Polygonales
Polygonales was an order of flowering plants recognized by several older systems such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964, and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription was typically:
* o ...
*:::: Family Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus '' Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1 ...
*:: Superorder Celastranae
*::: Order Celastrales
The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. The 1200"Lepidobotryaceae", "Parnassiaceae", and "Celastraceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki ( ...
*:::: Family Celastraceae
The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 97 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the sta ...
*:::: Family Goupiaceae
*:::: Family Lophopyxidaceae
*:::: Family Stackhousiaceae
*:::: Family Corynocarpaceae
*:: Superorder Malvanae
*::: Order Malvales
The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots.
The plants are mostly shrubs and ...
*:::: Family Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus ''Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae.
A ...
*:::: Family Huaceae
Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system placed it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 and ...
*:::: Family Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Be ...
*:::: Family Plagiopteraceae
*:::: Family Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record o ...
*:::: Family Monotaceae
*:::: Family Dipterocarpaceae
*:::: Family Sarcolaenaceae
*:::: Family Sphaerosepalaceae
*:::: Family Bombacaceae
Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus ''Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point ...
*:::: Family Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...
*::: Order Urticales
Urticales is an order of flowering plants. Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription. A ...
*:::: Family Ulmaceae
The Ulmaceae () are a family of flowering plants that includes the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), and the zelkovas (genus ''Zelkova''). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution ...
*:::: Family Moraceae
The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ...
*:::: Family Cecropiaceae
The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus '' Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeri ...
*:::: Family Barbeyaceae
*:::: Family Urticaceae
The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeri ...
*:::: Family Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including ''Cannabis'' (hemp), '' Humulus'' (hops) and '' Celtis'' (hackberries ...
*::: Order Rhamnales
*:::: Family Rhamnaceae
*:::: Family Elaeagnaceae
The Elaeagnaceae are a plant family, the oleaster family, of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has about 60 species ...
*::: Order Euphorbiales
Euphorbiales is an order of flowering plants that is not currently recognized in the most authoritative modern treatment of plant taxonomy. In the APG II system (2003) the plants involved are mostly placed in the order Malpighiales.
A well kno ...
*:::: Family Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
*:::: Family Aextoxicaceae
*:::: Family Simmondsiaceae
Simmondsiaceae or the jojoba family is a family of flowering plants. The family is not recognized by all taxonomic systems, the single species, ''Simmondsia chinensis'', often being treated as belonging to family Buxaceae.
The APG II system, of ...
*:::: Family Dichapetalaceae
Dichapetalaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 3 genera and about 170 species.Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ Members of this family are ...
*:::: Family Gonystylaceae
*:::: Family Thymelaeaceae
The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...
*:: Superorder Violanae
*::: Order Violales
Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae; it was proposed by Lindley (1853). The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales for ...
*:::: Family Bixaceae
*:::: Family Cochlospermaceae
The Cochlospermaceae were a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs, first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1847. They have been included in the Bixaceae from the APG III system onwards. The older APG II system treated th ...
*:::: Family Cistaceae
The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170(-200) species in nine genera that are ...
*:::: Family Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...
*:::: Family Flacourtiaceae
The Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various families, mostly to the Achariaceae and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it beca ...
*:::: Family Physenaceae
''Physena'' is the sole genus of the flowering plant family Physenaceae. It contains two species of shrubs and small trees which are endemic to Madagascar. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize this ...
*:::: Family Lacistemataceae
*:::: Family Salicaceae
The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ...
*:::: Family Dipentodontaceae
*:::: Family Peridiscaceae
Peridiscaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales.Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. "Peridiscaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below). Four genera comprise ...
*:::: Family Scyphostegiaceae
*:::: Family Passifloraceae
The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera.
They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from ...
*:::: Family Turneriaceae
*:::: Family Malesherbiaceae
*:::: Family Achariaceae
Achariaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of 32-33 genera with about 155 species of tropical herbs, shrubs, and trees. The APG IV system has greatly expanded the scope of the family by including many genera previously classified ...
*:::: Family Caricaceae
*:::: Family Tamaricaceae
The Tamaricaceae, the tamarisk family, are a family of plants native to drier areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It contains four genera: '' Tamarix'' (with 73 species), ''Reaumuria'' (25 species), ''Myricaria'' (13 species), and '' Myrtama'' (a ...
*:::: Family Frankeniaceae
*:::: Family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are:
*''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds
*'' Lagen ...
*:::: Family Begoniaceae
Begoniaceae is a family of flowering plants with two genera and about 2040 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus ''Begonia''. There have been many recent d ...
*:::: Family Datiscaceae
The Datiscaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus ''Datisca''. Two other genera, '' Octomeles'' and '' Tetrameles'', are now classified in the family Tetramelaceae.
Datiscaceae are large herbaceous plant ...
*::: Order Brassicales
The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compo ...
*:::: Family Resedaceae
Resedaceae is a family of mostly herbaceous dicotyledonous plants comprising 107 known species in 8 to 12 genera:
*''Borthwickia'' - 1 species, sometimes placed in its own family Borthwickiaceae
*''Caylusea'' - 3 species
*''Forchhammeria'' - 10 s ...
*:::: Family Capparaceae
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about ...
*:::: Family Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*:::: Family Salvadoraceae
Salvadoraceae is a family in the plant order Brassicales,, p. 10 consisting of three genera with a total of 11 known species. They occur in Africa (including Madagascar), Southeast Asia, and on Java, suggesting they are probably found in much of ...
*:::: Family Gyrostemonaceae
Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales
The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...
*::: Order Batales
*:::: Family Bataceae
*:: Superorder Santalanae
*::: Order Santalales
The Santalales are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus ''Santalum'' (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for a ...
*:::: Family Olacaceae
Olacaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. , the Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscription of the family varies; some sources ...
*:::: Family Opiliaceae
Opiliaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising 11 genera and 33 known species. It consists of tropical woody plants. Several genera contain parasitic species. The biggest genus, in number of species and in stature of the individual plant ...
*:::: Family Medusandraceae
*:::: Family Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other mem ...
*:::: Family Misodendraceae
''Misodendrum'' is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of ''Nothofagus''. Its species are all restricted to South America. The name of the genus is incorrectly spelt in a number of ways, including ''Misodendron'' ...
*:::: Family Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are '' Nuytsia floribunda'' (the ...
*:::: Family Eremolepidaceae
Eremolepidaceae is treated in some systems as a family of flowering plants in the order ''Santalales''. In the Takhtajan system it consists of the genera ''Antidaphne'' (including '' Eremolepsis''), '' Eubrachion'' and '' Lepidoceras''.
In the AP ...
*:::: Family Viscaceae
Viscaceae is a taxonomic family name of flowering plants. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. This family name is currently being studied and under review as in past decades, several systems of plant tax ...
*::: Order Balanophorales
*:::: Family Balanophoraceae
The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alternati ...
*:::: Family Cynomoriaceae
''Cynomorium'' is a genus of parasitic perennial flowering plants in the family Cynomoriaceae. The genus consists of only one species, ''Cynomorium coccineum'' (although one of its subspecies is sometimes treated as a separate species). Its plac ...
*:: Superorder Geranianae
*::: Order Linales
Linales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription in 1981:
* order Linales
*: family Erythroxylaceae
*: family Humiriaceae ...
*:::: Family Humiriaceae
*:::: Family Ctenolophonaceae
*:::: Family Hugoniaceae
*:::: Family Ixonanthaceae
Ixonanthaceae is a pantropical flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, ves ...
*:::: Family Linaceae
Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...
*:::: Family Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. The four genera are ''Aneulophus'' Benth., ''Erythroxylum'' P.Browne, ''Nectaropetalum'' Engl., and ''Pinacopodium'' Exell & Mend ...
*:::: Family Zygophyllaceae
Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera.
Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...
*:::: Family Balanitaceae
*::: Order Rhizophorales
*:::: Family Rhizophoraceae
The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ...
*::: Order Geraniales
Geraniales is a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subclade of eudicots. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smaller Francoaceae with about 40 speci ...
*:::: Family Oxalidaceae
The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...
*:::: Family Geraniaceae
Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus ''Geranium''. The family includes both the genus ''Geranium'' (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants called ...
*:::: Family Balsaminaceae
The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family (biology), family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genus, genera: ''Impatiens'', which consists of over 1000 species, and ''Hydrocera'', consisting of 1 species. The flo ...
*:::: Family Tropaeolaceae
*:::: Family Limnanthaceae
The Limnanthaceae are a small family of annual herbs occurring throughout temperate North America. There are eight species and nineteen taxa currently recognized. Members of this family are prominent in vernal pool communities of California. Some ...
*::: Order Polygalales
The Fabales are an order of flowering plants included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including ...
*:::: Family Malpighiaceae
*:::: Family Trigoniaceae
*:::: Family Vochysiaceae
*:::: Family Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...
*:::: Family Krameriaceae
''Krameria'' is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 18 species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried ...
*:: Superorder Rutanae
Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem.
The APG III system of 2009 include ...
*::: Order Rutales
*:::: Family Rutaceae
The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue[RUTACEAE](_blank)
in BoDD – Botanical Der ...
*:::: Family Rhabdodendraceae
''Rhabdodendron'' is a genus comprising two or three species of tropical South American trees.
''Rhabdodendron'' is placed in its own family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized bir ...
*:::: Family Cneoraceae
Cneoraceae was a relict family of Mediterranean shrubs that evolved under tropical conditions during the Cenozoic era. It is a dicot that generally favours higher altitudes and is rich in tannin. It produces both hermaphrodite and male flowers bu ...
*:::: Family Simaroubaceae
The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 20 ...
*:::: Family Picramniaceae
*:::: Family Ptaeroxylaceae
*:::: Family Meliaceae
Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales.
They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncar ...
*:::: Family Burseraceae
The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also kno ...
*:::: Family Anacardiaceae
The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...
*:::: Family Leitneriaceae
*:::: Family Tepuianthaceae
*:::: Family Coriariaceae
''Coriaria'' is the sole genus in the family Coriariaceae, which was described by Linnaeus in 1753. It includes 14 species of small trees, shrubs and subshrubs, with a widespread but disjunct distribution across warm temperate regions of the wor ...
*:::: Family Sapindaceae
*:::: Family Sabiaceae
Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants that were placed in the order Proteales according to the APG IV system. It comprises three genera, '' Meliosma'', '' Ophiocaryon'' and '' Sabia'', with 66 known species, native to tropical to warm temper ...
*:::: Family Melianthaceae
The Melianthaceae are a family of flowering plants. The APG II system includes them within the rosid clade. All members of Melianthaceae proper are trees or shrubs found in tropical and southern Africa. Francoaceae (the Bridal wreaths) are ...
*:::: Family Akaniaceae
The Akaniaceae or turnipwood family are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales. It comprises two genera of trees, '' Akania'' and ''Bretschneidera'', each with a single species. These plants are native to China, Vietnam, Taiwan, an ...
*:::: Family Bretschneideraceae
*:::: Family Moringaceae
''Moringa'' is the sole genus in the plant family Moringaceae. It contains 13 species from tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia that range in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. ''Moringa'' species grow quickly in many types of ...
*:::: Family Surianaceae
The Surianaceae are a family of plants in the order Fabales with five genera and eight known species. It has an unusual distribution: the genus '' Recchia'' is native to Mexico, and the sole member of ''Suriana'', '' S. maritima'', is a coa ...
*:::: Family Connaraceae
Connaraceae is a pan-tropical plant family of 19 genera and more than 180 species of largely evergreen trees, woody shrubs and climbers.
The family was first described by Robert Brown in 1816 and the name has been conserved.
Distribution
Connar ...
*:::: Family Fabaceae
*:: Superorder Proteanae
Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists.
The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...
*::: Order Proteales
*:::: Family Proteaceae
*:: Superorder Rosanae
Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Fag ...
*::: Order Hamamelidales
Hamamelidales is an order of flowering plants formerly accepted in a number of systems of plant taxonomy, including the Cronquist system published in 1968 and 1988. The order is not currently accepted in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system ...
*:::: Family Trochodendraceae
Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living speci ...
*:::: Family Eupteleaceae
''Euptelea'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the monogeneric family Eupteleaceae. The genus is found from Assam east through China to Japan, and consists of shrubs or small trees:
*'' Euptelea pleiosperma''
*'' Euptelea polyandr ...
*:::: Family Cercidiphyllaceae
*:::: Family Platanaceae
Platanaceae, the "plane-tree family", is a family of flowering plants in the order Proteales. The family consists of only a single extant genus ''Platanus'', with eight known species. The plants are tall trees, native to temperate and subtropic ...
*:::: Family Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier syste ...
*::: Order Casuarinales
*:::: Family Casuarinaceae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacifi ...
*::: Order Balanopales
*:::: Family Buxaceae
The Buxaceae are a small family of six genera and about 123 known species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A seventh genus, sometimes accepted in the past (''Notobuxus''), has been shown ...
*:::: Family Didymelaceae
''Didymeles'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is variously treated as the only genus of the family Didymelaceae — or in the family Buxaceae, as in the APG IV system.
The genus ''Didymeles'' is restricted to Madagascar and the Comoros. In M ...
*:::: Family Daphniphyllaceae
''Daphniphyllum'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Daphniphyllaceae and was described as a genus in 1826. The genus includes evergreen shrubs and trees mainly native to east and southeast Asia, but also found in the Indian Subconti ...
*:::: Family Balanopaceae
''Balanops'' is a group of flowering plants described as a genus in 1871. The nine species are trees or shrubs, found in New Caledonia, Fiji, Vanuatu, and northern Queensland. They are dioecious, with separate male and female plants.
The genus ...
*::: Order Bruniales
Bruniales is a valid botanic name at the rank of order. Until recently it was not in use, but a 2008 study suggested that Bruniaceae and Columelliaceae are sister clades. The latest revision of the APG system, APG III, places both families as th ...
*:::: Family Roridulaceae
*:::: Family Bruniaceae
Bruniaceae is a family of shrubs native to the cape region of South Africa. They are mostly restricted to the Cape Province, but a small number of species occur in KwaZulu-Natal.
Description
Species belonging to the Bruniaceae are heath-like sh ...
*:::: Family Geissolomataceae
''Geissoloma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Geissolomataceae, native to the Cape Province of South Africa. The plants are xerophytic evergreen shrubs and are known to accumulate aluminum
Aluminium (aluminum in A ...
*:::: Family Grubbiaceae
The Grubbiaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to the Cape floristic region of South Africa. The family includes five species of leathery-leaved shrubs in two genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biologica ...
*:::: Family Myrothamnaceae
''Myrothamnus'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of two species of small xerophytic shrubs, in the southern parts of tropical Africa and in Madagascar. ''Myrothamnus'' is recognized as the only genus in the family Myrothamnaceae.
Myr ...
*:::: Family Hydrostachyaceae
''Hydrostachys'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants native to Madagascar and southern and central Africa. It is the only genus in the family Hydrostachyaceae. All species of ''Hydrostachys'' are aquatic, growing on rocks in fast-m ...
*::: Order Juglandales
Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and ...
*:::: Family Rhoipteleaceae
*:::: Family Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.
The nine or ten genera in the family have ...
*:::: Family Myricaceae
The Myricaceae are a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from ''Myrica'' into a fourth genus ''Morella''. About 55 speci ...
*::: Order Betulales
*:::: Family Ticodendraceae
''Ticodendron incognitum'' is the only species of ''Ticodendron'', and the only member of the family Ticodendraceae. It is most closely related to the family Betulaceae.
It was discovered only in 1989 in Costa Rica, having been overlooked previ ...
*:::: Family Betulaceae
Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the ...
*:::: Family Nothofagaceae
''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Gui ...
*:::: Family Fagaceae
*::: Order Rosales
Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Faga ...
*:::: Family Rosaceae
*:::: Family Neuradaceae
*:::: Family Crossosomataceae
Crossosomataceae is a small plant family, consisting of four genera of shrubs found only in the dry parts of the American southwest and Mexico. This family has included up to ten species in the past, although as of 2021 six species are still ...
*:::: Family Anisophylleaceae
*::: Order Saxifragales
The Saxifragales (saxifrages) are an order of flowering plants (Angiosperms). They are an extremely diverse group of plants which include trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, succulent and aquatic plants. The degree of diversity in terms of vegeta ...
*:::: Family Tetracarpaeaceae
*:::: Family Crassulaceae
*:::: Family Cephalotaceae
*:::: Family Penthoraceae
*:::: Family Saxifragaceae
*:::: Family Francoaceae
*:::: Family Grossulariaceae
*:::: Family Vahliaceae
*:::: Family Eremosynaceae
*:::: Family Lepuropetalaceae
*:::: Family Parnassiaceae
*:::: Family Stylidiaceae
*:::: Family Droseraceae
*:::: Family Greyiaceae
*:::: Family Diapensiaceae
*::: Order Podostemales
*:::: Family Podostemaceae
*::: Order Cunoniales
*:::: Family Cunoniaceae
*:::: Family Davidsoniaceae
*:::: Family Staphyleaceae
*:: Superorder Cornanae
The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with d ...
*::: Order Hydrangeales
*:::: Family Hydrangeaceae
*:::: Family Escalloniaceae
*:::: Family Carpodetaceae
*:::: Family Griseliniaceae
*:::: Family Alseuosmiaceae
*:::: Family Montiniaceae
*:::: Family Brexiaceae
*:::: Family Columelliaceae
*:::: Family Desfontainiaceae
*::: Order Cornales
*:::: Family Vitaceae
*:::: Family Gunneraceae
*:::: Family Haloragaceae
*:::: Family Cornaceae
*:::: Family Curtisiaceae
*:::: Family Alangiaceae
*:::: Family Garryaceae
*:::: Family Aucubaceae
*:::: Family Aralidiaceae
*:::: Family Eucommiaceae
*:::: Family Icacinaceae
*:::: Family Metteniusaceae
*:::: Family Cardiopteridaceae
*:::: Family Peripterygiaceae
*::: Order Pittosporales
*:::: Family Pittosporaceae
*:::: Family Byblidaceae
*:::: Family Tremandraceae
*::: Order Araliales
*:::: Family Helwingiaceae
*:::: Family Torricelliaceae
*:::: Family Araliaceae
*:::: Family Hydrocotylaceae
*:::: Family Apiaceae
*::: Order Dipsacales
*:::: Family Caprifoliaceae
*:::: Family Adoxaceae
*:::: Family Valerianaceae
*:::: Family Triplostegiaceae
*:::: Family Dipsacaceae
*:::: Family Morinaceae
*:: Superorder Asteranae
Asterales () is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. While asterids in general are chara ...
*::: Order Asterales
*:::: Family Calyceraceae
*:::: Family Asteraceae
*::: Order Campanulales
*:::: Family Menyanthaceae
*:::: Family Pentaphragmataceae
*:::: Family Sphenocleaceae
*:::: Family Campanulaceae
*:::: Family Goodeniaceae
*:: Superorder Solananae
The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order.
Taxonomy
Under the older Cronquist system, the latter three families were placed else ...
*::: Order Solanales
*:::: Family Solanaceae
*:::: Family Duckeodendraceae
*:::: Family Goetzeaceae
*:::: Family Nolanaceae
*:::: Family Convolvulaceae
*:::: Family Hydrophyllaceae
*:::: Family Boraginaceae
*:::: Family Hoplestigmataceae
*:::: Family Lennoaceae
*:::: Family Tetrachondraceae
*:::: Family Polemoniaceae
*:: Superorder Loasanae
Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs ...
*::: Order Loasales
*:::: Family Loasaceae
*:: Superorder Myrtanae
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014.
The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eu ...
*::: Order Myrtales
*:::: Family Lythraceae
*:::: Family Alzateaceae
*:::: Family Rhynchocalycaceae
*:::: Family Penaeaceae
*:::: Family Oliniaceae
*:::: Family Trapaceae
*:::: Family Crypteroniaceae
*:::: Family Melastomataceae
*:::: Family Combretaceae
*:::: Family Onagraceae
*:::: Family Myrtaceae
*:: Superorder Gentiananae
Gentianales is an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 20,000 species in about 1,200 genera in 5 families. More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae.
Ma ...
*::: Order Gentianales
*:::: Family Loganiaceae
*:::: Family Rubiaceae
*:::: Family Dialypetalanthaceae
*:::: Family Apocynaceae
*:::: Family Gentianaceae
*:::: Family Saccifoliaceae
*::: Order Scrophulariales
*:::: Family Oleaceae
*:::: Family Buddlejaceae
*:::: Family Stilbaceae
*:::: Family Bignoniaceae
*:::: Family Pedaliaceae
*:::: Family Martyniaceae
*:::: Family Myoporaceae
*:::: Family Scrophulariaceae
*:::: Family Gesneriaceae
*:::: Family Globulariaceae
*:::: Family Plantaginaceae
*:::: Family Lentibulariaceae
*:::: Family Acanthaceae
*:::: Family Callitrichaceae
*:::: Family Hippuridaceae
*:::: Family Verbenaceae
*:::: Family Phrymaceae
*:::: Family Symphoremataceae
*:::: Family Nesogenaceae
*:::: Family Avicenniaceae
*:::: Family Lamiaceae
Liliidae
*: Subclass Liliidae
Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae.
Liliidae in T ...
monocotyledons *:: Superorder Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Te ...
*::: Order Liliales
*:::: Family Melanthiaceae
*:::: Family Campynemataceae
*:::: Family Alstroemeriaceae
*:::: Family Colchicaceae
*:::: Family Liliaceae
*:::: Family Trilliaceae
*:::: Family Iridaceae
*::: Order Burmanniales
*:::: Family Burmanniaceae
*:::: Family Corsiaceae
*::: Order Asparagales
*:::: Family Asparagaceae
*:::: Family Luzuriagaceae
*:::: Family Asphodelaceae
*:::: Family Aphyllanthaceae
*:::: Family Phormiaceae
*:::: Family Tecophilaeaceae
*:::: Family Lanariaceae
*:::: Family Hemerocallidaceae
*:::: Family Asteliaceae
*:::: Family Hanguanaceae
*:::: Family Agavaceae
*:::: Family Hostaceae
*:::: Family Blandfordiaceae
*:::: Family Dasypogonaceae
*:::: Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
*:::: Family Ixioliriaceae
*:::: Family Hyacinthaceae
*:::: Family Alliaceae
*:::: Family Amaryllidaceae
*:::: Family Hypoxidaceae
*:::: Family Velloziaceae
*:::: Family Cyanastraceae
*:::: Family Eriospermaceae
*::: Order Dioscoreales
*:::: Family Philesiaceae
*:::: Family Ripogonaceae
*:::: Family Petermanniaceae
*:::: Family Smilacaceae
*:::: Family Dioscoreaceae
*:::: Family Trichopodaceae
*:::: Family Stemonaceae
*:::: Family Taccaceae
*::: Order Orchidales
*:::: Family Orchidaceae
*:: Superorder Hydatellanae
*::: Order Hydatellales
*:::: Family Hydatellaceae
*:: Superorder Triuridanae
*::: Order Triuridales
*:::: Family Triuridaceae
*:: Superorder Alismatanae
*::: Order Alismatales
*:::: Family Butomaceae
*:::: Family Alismataceae
*:::: Family Hydrocharitaceae
*::: Order Potamogetonales
*:::: Family Aponogetonaceae
*:::: Family Scheuchzeriaceae
*:::: Family Juncaginaceae
*:::: Family Potamogetonaceae
*:::: Family Posidoniaceae
*:::: Family Cymodoceaceae
*:::: Family Zannichelliaceae
*:::: Family Zosteraceae
*:: Superorder Aranae
*::: Order Acorales
*:::: Family Acoraceae
*::: Order Arales
*:::: Family Araceae
*:::: Family Lemnaceae
*:: Superorder Cyclanthanae
*::: Order Cyclanthales
*:::: Family Cyclanthaceae
*:: Superorder Pandananae
*::: Order Pandanales
*:::: Family Pandanaceae
*:: Superorder Arecanae
Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes.
Taxonomy
The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogo ...
*::: Order Arecales
*:::: Family Arecaceae
*:: Superorder Commelinanae
*::: Order Bromeliales
*:::: Family Bromeliaceae
*::: Order Philydrales
*:::: Family Philydraceae
*:::: Family Pontederiaceae
*:::: Family Haemodoraceae
*::: Order Typhales
*:::: Family Typhaceae
*::: Order Zingiberales
*:::: Family Musaceae
*:::: Family Strelitziaceae
*:::: Family Lowiaceae
*:::: Family Heliconiaceae
*:::: Family Zingiberaceae
*:::: Family Costaceae
*:::: Family Cannaceae
*:::: Family Marantaceae
*::: Order Commelinales
*:::: Family Rapateaceae
*:::: Family Xyridaceae
*:::: Family Commelinaceae
*:::: Family Mayacaceae
*:::: Family Eriocaulaceae
*::: Order Juncales
*:::: Family Thurniaceae
*:::: Family Juncaceae
*:::: Family Cyperaceae
*::: Order Poales
*:::: Family Flagellariaceae
*:::: Family Joinvilleaceae
*:::: Family Restionaceae
*:::: Family Ecdeiocoleaceae
*:::: Family Centrolepidaceae
*:::: Family Poaceae
2007 System
The 2007 system lists 12 subclasses, 35 superorders, 87 orders, 40 suborders, and 472 families. It uses the ''suffixes'' given in the following example.
Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae") - 12 subclasses
* Subclass Magnoli''idae''
** Superorder: Magnoli''anae''
*** Order: Magnoli''ales''
**** SubOrder: Magnoli''ineae''
***** Family: Magnoli''aceae''
****** SubFamily: Magnoli''oideae''
******* Tribe: Magnoli''eae''
;Subclasses (12)
* 1. Chloranthidae
* 2. Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons]
* 3. Alismatidae
* 4. Liliidae
Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae.
Liliidae in T ...
- 3 superorders
** Pandananae
** Dioscoreanae
** Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Te ...
- 3 orders
*** Liliales - 12 families
**** Corsiaceae Becc., 1878
**** Campynemataceae Dumort., 1829
**** Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh., 1797
**** Trilliaceae Chevall., 1827
**** Petermanniaceae Hutch., 1934
**** Luzuriagaceae Lotsy, 1911 (''incl. Drymophila R. Br.'')
**** Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., 1829
**** Colchicaceae DC., 1804
**** Rhipogonaceae Conran & Clifford, 1985
**** Philesiaceae Dumort., 1829
**** Smilacaceae Vent., 1799
**** Liliaceae Juss., 1789
*** Orchidales
*** Iridales
* 5. Commelinidae
* 6. Ranunculidae
* 7. Hamamelididae
* 8. Caryophyllidae
* 9. Rosidae
* 10. Malvidae
* 11. Asteridae
* 12. Lamiidae
''Note:'' Monocotyledons are represented here by 3 separate subclasses 3–5
References
Bibliography
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Works by Thorne
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{{List of systems of plant taxonomy
Systems of plant taxonomy, system, Thorne (1992)