Thomas P. G. Cholmondeley
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Thomas Patrick Gilbert Cholmondeley (; 19 June 1968 – 17 August 2016) was a Kenyan farmer. He was the great-grandson of the 3rd Baron Delamere, one of the first and most influential British settlers in Kenya, and was heir to the Delamere title at the time of his death, being the eldest son of the 5th Baron Delamere. In April 2005, he shot and killed a Kenya Wildlife Service game ranger on his ranch. He claimed self-defence, and the murder case was dropped before going to trial. In May 2006, he shot and killed a poacher on his Soysambu estate near Lake Naivasha. He was acquitted of murder, but found guilty of
manslaughter Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th cen ...
and sentenced to serve eight months in prison. He was released on 23 October 2009, and died in 2016.


Early life

Cholmondeley was a great-grandson of
Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere, (28 April 1870 – 13 November 1931), styled The Honourable from birth until 1887, was a British peer. He was one of the first and most influential British settlers in Kenya. Lord Delamere was the son of ...
(1870–1931), a pioneering settler in Kenya who was the effective "founder" of the White community in that country. Cholmondeley was the only son and heir of the 5th Baron Delamere (b. 1934) and his wife Anne, ''née'' Renison. His family is one of the large-scale landowners in Kenya. He is also a descendant of Sir
Robert Walpole Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745; known between 1725 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole) was a British statesman and Whig politician who, as First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Leader ...
, the first
Prime Minister of Great Britain The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pri ...
. After
prep school Preparatory school or prep school may refer to: Schools *Preparatory school (United Kingdom), an independent school preparing children aged 8–13 for entry into fee-charging independent schools, usually public schools *College-preparatory school, ...
at Pembroke House, in the town of Gilgil, Kenya, and Ashdown House School, in the village of Forest Row in
East Sussex East Sussex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England on the English Channel coast. It is bordered by Kent to the north and east, West Sussex to the west, and Surrey to the north-west. The largest settlement in East Su ...
, England, he was educated at Eton College, from where he was expelled for bad behaviour. After school he worked on various farms for his "pupil year", including time working on Kenneth Matiba's farm, Wangu Embori. He attended the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, from 1987 to 1990, and then worked for the
Agricultural Mortgage Corporation The Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Plc (AMC) was formed in 1928 under the Agricultural Credits Act, to provide long term mortgages for land and redeveloping farming and rural-based businesses. Initially jointly owned by the Bank of England a ...
in Andover, Hampshire.


Career

Back in Kenya from 1991, Cholmondeley started working for the family farming business and was then involved in many developing projects. He decided against returning to Britain, and stayed to work in Kenya, where he was eventually made finance director of the Delamere beef and dairy farms. ''The Daily Nation'' reported that the estate became a no-go area for trespassers and locals. By the 1990s he gained a reputation as an outstanding farmer, conscientious and diligent, he paid high attention to the quality of the land and soil while pursuing a traditional agenda for conservancy. He established a game cropping enterprise on Soysambu Ranch, the vast family estate in Kenya, which ran from 1992 to 2003, and which employed 15 people as well as building a modern abattoir and cold storage facilities. He was also responsible for the design and layout of the Soysambu Wildlife Sanctuary and the building of Delamere's Camp in 1993, a high-class tourist lodge with a exclusive sanctuary covering the area around
Lake Elmenteita Lake Elmenteita is a soda lake, in the Great Rift Valley, about 120 km northwest of Nairobi, Kenya. Geography Elmenteita is derived from the Maasai word , meaning "dust place", a reference to the dryness and dustiness of the area, espec ...
. Cholmondeley was diligent in the employment of local labour; he employed hundreds of paid workers and voluntarily assisted others in many micro-projects. He was promoted as director of Delamere Estates in 1994, and the following year the chairman of Nakuru Wildlife Conservancy, a position he was elected to twice again. In his attempts to keep poaching to a minimum he was appointed an honorary game warden. In 1996 he introduced the first
centre pivot irrigation Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers. A circular area ...
into
Naivasha Naivasha is a large town in Nakuru County, Kenya, lying by road north west of Nairobi. Overview The town has a total population of 198,444 (2019 census). The main industry is agriculture, especially floriculture. Naivasha is also a popular t ...
and eventually the scheme covered over and provided employment for approximately 500 people. In the same year he organised the reconstruction of the "Delamere Milk Shop" into a petrol station on the outskirts of Naivasha, the A104 highway. This is now Kenya's busiest
farm shop A farm shop, or "farm stand" in the United States, is a type of retail outlet which usually sells produce directly from a farm. Some farm shops also resell related goods such as locally produced groceries, foods, drinks and delicatessen products. ...
. Of note is the constructed wetland to cope with the sewage resulting from over 3,000 customers per day. His energies turned to building the first straw bale building in Gilgil, the location being on the edge of the Otutu forest. He created the leases and design criteria for two further tourist lodges, Mbweha Camp on the edge of Lake Nakuru National Park, and Mawe Mbili lodge. This is part of the greater plan for the Soysambu Conservancy, together with the establishment of two forestry partnerships covering . While Cholmondeley was conscientious in his farm work, he also loved sports, adventure and travelling to meet and to learn about new cultures and places. He loved "rallying-car driving, motorcycling, paragliding". He was the 1986 Kenya Novice Motocross Champion. In one episodic adventure whilst paragliding in the Mara, he was confronted by a cape buffalo that seriously gored his leg, leaving a long gash and huge scar. It was in hospital that he met Sally Brewerton of Médecins Sans Frontières. They married a year later in 1998, and had two sons.''The Daily Telegraph'', Friday 19 August 2016, p. 27


Shootings

On 19 April 2005, Cholmondeley shot game ranger Samson ole Sisina, who was working undercover for the Kenya Wildlife Service on his ranch in Gilgil division,
Nakuru District Nakuru County is a county in Kenya. It is County number 32 out of the 47 Kenyan Counties. Nakuru County is a host to Kenya's Forth City – Nakuru City. On 1 December 2021, President Uhuru Kenyatta awarded a City Charter status to Nakuru, ranki ...
. He arrived at the slaughterhouse after his ranch employees had summoned his help during what seemed to be a robbery. The accusation was that he shot the KWS employee who was dressed in plain clothes, but Cholmondeley insisted it was in self-defence as the ranger had shot at him first without warning. The Attorney General Amos Wako discontinued the case by issuing a ''
nolle prosequi , abbreviated or , is legal Latin meaning "to be unwilling to pursue".Nolle prosequi
. refe ...
''. This decision was widely criticised by Kenyan media, with many claiming he walked free due to the influence of class and position. There was a public outcry in Nairobi, and from Masai who wanted to occupy Delamere land. Nick Maes, a ''Sunday Telegraph'' reporter, years later found a complex man challenged by changing Kenyan conditions, rising criminality in the countryside, and mounting criticism of white ownership in Kenya generally. On 10 May 2006, he was taken again into custody for the killing of Robert Njoya Mbugua, a Kikuyu tribesman, looking for food for his family, whom he had discovered on his land with three companions and a pack of dogs, carrying the carcass of an antelope they had killed on the estate. Cholmondeley told police he had shot at the poachers' dogs, which is standard practice under Kenya Wildlife Service guidelines, killing two of them, and that he had not intended to shoot Njoya, whom he saw lying wounded in the hedgerow. The dead man's companions disputed that version of events. What was undisputed was that Cholmondeley applied a tourniquet to the bleeding man and shouted for a car to take him to hospital, as well as calling the police. The case was complicated by the fact that a friend of Tom's, Carl Tundo, was with Tom at the time and was alleged to have carried a fire arm and who may also have fired shots at the same time. Cholmondeley was held in detention at the
Kamiti Maximum Security Prison Kamiti Maximum Security Prison is a prison in Nairobi County, Kenya. The prison is within Roysambu Constituency, Kasarani District, bordering Kiambu County. Originally named "Kamiti Downs", it sits in the middle of its own estates which lie fal ...
after the incident and during the ongoing court proceedings in a cell in the prison outside Nairobi, "like living inside a greasy saucepan infested with rats and cockroaches." Cholmondeley was divorced but a girlfriend, jeweller Sally Dudmesh, visited him in prison every week. The trial began 25 September 2006. An interlocutory appeal on a question of procedural law was decided on 13 June 2008. He won an appeal to uphold his right to a fair trial. In March 2009, lay assessors in his trial found him not guilty. On 7 May 2009, Judge Muga Apondi, sitting as a single judge and not bound by the lay assessors' verdict, acquitted Cholmondeley of murder but found him guilty of the lesser offence of manslaughter. The verdict of April 2009 was largely based on the evidence by rally driver
Carl Tundo Carl "Flash" Tundo (born 11 December 1973 in Nairobi) is a rally driver from Kenya. He is a five times winner of the Safari Rally. In 2009 it was a round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge, making Tundo the first and only Kenyan winner of an ...
, who had accompanied his friend Cholmondeley to the scene. On 14 May 2009 Cholmondeley was sentenced to serve a further eight months in prison. Apondi said he was imposing a "light" sentence given that he had been imprisoned for three years already, and had tried to help Njoya with first aid and transport to hospital. Cholmondeley was released early for good behaviour in October 2009 after serving five months of his eight-month prison sentence. In an interview he expressed his opinions:
While murder carries a mandatory death sentence, manslaughter has a statutory maximum of life imprisonment but with no mandatory minimum sentence under Kenyan law.
BBC Four BBC Four is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It was launched on 2 March 2002
's '' Storyville'' series featured the Cholmondeley trial in an episode titled "Last White Man Standing".


Personal life

In 1997, Cholmondeley was gored by a buffalo while walking to a launching site for paragliding in the
Maasai Mara Maasai Mara, also sometimes spelled Masai Mara and locally known simply as The Mara, is a large national game reserve in Narok, Kenya, contiguous with the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. It is named in honor of the Maasai people, the ancestr ...
. He married Sally A. Brewerton on 16 May 1998. They divorced in 2010. He had been a keen motor sportsman and was Kenya Novice Motocross champion in 1986 and runner-up in the Kenya Enduro championship in 2000. In addition he held a private pilot's licence ( PPL) since 2000 and flew in Kenya, Britain, France, Germany, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Mozambique. Cholmondeley died of cardiac arrest on Wednesday 17 August 2016 while undergoing
hip surgery Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi (half) replacement. Such joint replacement o ...
at MP Shah Hospital Nairobi. He is survived by his sons, Hugh (b. 1998; now heir apparent to the Delamere barony) and Henry (b. 2000).


See also

* White people in Kenya


Notes


References

* Debrett, John; Charles Kidd; David Williamson. (1990)
''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage.''
New York:
Macmillan MacMillan, Macmillan, McMillen or McMillan may refer to: People * McMillan (surname) * Clan MacMillan, a Highland Scottish clan * Harold Macmillan, British statesman and politician * James MacMillan, Scottish composer * William Duncan MacMillan ...
. * Hayden, Joseph. (1851)
''The book of dignities: containing rolls of the official personages of the British Empire.''
London: Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans. * Wright, Ruper
"The Kennedys of Kenya,"
''The Spectator'' (London). 11 April 1998. * Seal, Markbr>"Mark Seal on Tom Cholmondeley"
''Vanity Fair'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Cholmondeley, Thomas 1968 births 2016 deaths People educated at Eton College Eldest sons of British hereditary barons Heirs apparent who never acceded Kenyan businesspeople Kenyan farmers Kenyan people convicted of manslaughter Kenyan prisoners and detainees People educated at Ashdown House Prisoners and detainees of Kenya Kenyan people of English descent Thomas White Kenyan people Thomas