The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language
international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal,
along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a
week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp. The
newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The
Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,
1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser.
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is one of the largest newspapers in the United
States by circulation, with a circulation of about 2.617 million
copies (including nearly 1,818,000 digital subscriptions) as of
August 2019[update],[1] compared with USA
Today's 1.7 million. The Journal publishes the luxury news
and lifestyle magazine WSJ, which was originally launched as a
quarterly but expanded to 12 issues as of 2014. An online version was
launched in 1996, which has been accessible only to subscribers since
it began.[2]
The newspaper is known for its award-winning news coverage, and has
won 37 Pulitzer Prizes (as of 2019).[3][4] The
editorial pages of the Journal are typically conservative in their
position.[5][6][7] The Journal editorial board
has promoted pseudoscientific views on the science of climate change,
acid rain, and ozone depletion, as well as on the health harms of
second-hand smoke, pesticides and asbestos.[8]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Beginnings
1.2 Internet expansion
1.3 Design changes
1.4 News Corporation and News Corp
1.5 Recent milestones
2 Features and operations
2.1 WSJ.
3 Editorial page and political stance
3.1 Economic views
3.2 Political stance
3.3 Science
3.3.1 Climate change denial
3.3.2 Other science coverage
3.4 Bias in news pages
4 Notable stories and Pulitzer Prizes
4.1 1987:
RJR Nabisco
RJR Nabisco buyout
4.2 1988: Insider trading
4.3 1997: AIDS treatment
4.4 2000: Enron
4.5 2001: 9/11
4.6 2007: Stock option scandal
4.7 2008:
Bear Stearns
Bear Stearns fall
4.8 2010:
McDonald's
McDonald's health care
4.9 2015: Malaysia Prime Minister
Najib Razak
Najib Razak and 1MDB
4.10 2015–present:
Theranos
Theranos investigation
4.11 2018–present: Investigation into
Stormy Daniels
Stormy Daniels payment
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History[edit]
Beginnings[edit]
Front page of the first issue of The Wall Street Journal, July 8,
1889
The first products of Dow Jones & Company, the publisher of the
Journal, were brief news bulletins, nicknamed "flimsies",
hand-delivered throughout the day to traders at the stock exchange in
the early 1880s. They were later aggregated in a printed daily summary
called the Customers' Afternoon Letter. Reporters Charles Dow, Edward
Jones, and
Charles Bergstresser converted this into The Wall Street
Journal, which was published for the first time on July 8, 1889, and
began delivery of the Dow Jones News Service via telegraph.[9]
In 1896, The "Dow Jones Industrial Average" was officially launched.
It was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the
New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journal's Review &
Outlook column, which still runs today, appeared for the first time,
initially written by Charles Dow.
Journalist
Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for
US$130,000 in 1902; circulation was then around 7,000 but climbed to
50,000 by the end of the 1920s. Barron and his predecessors were
credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent
financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business
journalism. In 1921, Barron's, the United States's premier financial
weekly, was founded.[10] Barron died in 1928, a year before
Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great
Depression in the United States. Barron's descendants, the Bancroft
family, would continue to control the company until 2007.[10]
The Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time
of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial
institutions in New York.
Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of
the paper in 1941, and company CEO in 1945, eventually compiling a
25-year career as the head of the Journal. Kilgore was the architect
of the paper's iconic front-page design, with its "What's News"
digest, and its national distribution strategy, which brought the
paper's circulation from 33,000 in 1941 to 1.1 million when
Kilgore died in 1967. Under Kilgore, in 1947, the paper won its first
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize for William Henry Grimes's editorials.[10]
In 1967, Dow Jones Newswires began a major expansion outside of the
United States ultimately placing its journalists in every major
financial center in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Australia, and
Africa. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which
at the time comprised nine dailies and three Sunday newspapers. Later,
the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group.[11]
The period from 1971 to 1997 brought about a series of launches,
acquisitions, and joint ventures, including "Factiva", The Wall Street
Journal Asia,
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Europe, the WSJ.com website, Dow
Jones Indexes, MarketWatch, and "WSJ Weekend Edition". In 2007, News
Corp. acquired Dow Jones. WSJ., a luxury lifestyle magazine, was
launched in 2008.[12]
Internet expansion[edit]
Further information: OpinionJournal.com
A complement to the print newspaper,
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Online,
was launched in 1996 and has allowed access only by subscription from
the beginning.[13] In 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate
reporting of the Journal's print and online subscribers together
in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements.[14] In 2007, it
was commonly believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on
the Web, with 980,000 paid subscribers.[10] Since then,
digital subscription has risen to 1.3 million as of September 2018,
falling to number two behind
The New York Times
The New York Times with 3 million digital
subscriptions.[15] In May 2008, an annual subscription to the
online edition of
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do
not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly
cost for a subscription to the online edition was $22.99, or $275.88
annually, excluding introductory offers.[16] Digital
subscription rates increased dramatically as its popularity increased
over print to $443.88 per year, with first time subscribers paying
$187.20 per year.[17]
Vladimir Putin
.jpg/420px-Vladimir_Putin_(2017-07-08).jpg)
Vladimir Putin with Journal correspondent
Karen Elliott House
Karen Elliott House in
2002
On November 30, 2004,
Oasys Mobile and The Wall Street Journal
released an app that would allow users to access content from The Wall
Street Journal Online via their mobile phones.[18]
Many of
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal news stories are available through
free online newspapers that subscribe to the Dow Jones
syndicate.[citation needed] Pulitzer Prize–winning stories
from 1995 are available free on the Pulitzer[19] web site.
In September 2005, the Journal launched a weekend edition, delivered
to all subscribers, which marked a return to Saturday publication
after a lapse of some 50 years. The move was designed in part to
attract more consumer advertising.[10]
In 2005, the Journal reported a readership profile of about 60 percent
top management, an average income of $191,000, an average household
net worth of $2.1 million, and an average age of 55.[20]
In 2007, the Journal launched a worldwide expansion of its website to
include major foreign-language editions. The paper had also shown an
interest in buying the rival Financial Times.[21]
Design changes[edit]
The nameplate is unique in having a period at the end.[22]
On September 5, 2006, the Journal included advertising on its front
page for the first time. This followed the introduction of front-page
advertising on the European and Asian editions in late
2005.[23]
After presenting nearly identical front-page layouts for half a
century—always six columns, with the day's top stories in the first
and sixth columns, "What's News" digest in the second and third, the
"A-hed" feature story in the fourth (with 'hed' being jargon for
headline) and themed weekly reports in the fifth column[24]
– the paper in 2007 decreased its broadsheet width from 15 to
12 inches while keeping the length at
223⁄4 inches, to save newsprint costs. News design
consultant Mario Garcia collaborated on the changes. Dow Jones said it
would save US$18 million a year in newsprint costs across all The
Wall Street Journal papers.[25] This move eliminated one
column of print, pushing the "A-hed" out of its traditional location
(though the paper now usually includes a quirky feature story on the
right side of the front page, sandwiched among the lead stories).
The paper still[when?] uses ink dot drawings called hedcuts,
introduced in 1979 and originally created by Kevin
Sprouls,[26] in addition to photographs, a method of
illustration considered a consistent visual signature of the paper.
The Journal still heavily employs the use of caricatures, including
those by illustrator Ken Fallin, such as when Peggy Noonan
memorialized then-recently deceased newsman Tim
Russert.[27][28] The use of color photographs and
graphics has become increasingly common in recent years with the
addition of more "lifestyle" sections.
The daily was awarded by the
Society for News Design World's Best
Designed Newspaper award for 1994 and 1997.[29]
News Corporation and News Corp[edit]
On May 2, 2007, News Corporation made an unsolicited takeover bid for
Dow Jones, offering US$60 a share for stock that had been selling for
US$33 a share. The Bancroft family, which controlled more than 60% of
the voting stock, at first rejected the offer, but later reconsidered
its position.[30]
Three months later, on August 1, 2007, News Corporation and Dow Jones
entered into a definitive merger agreement.[31] The
US$5 billion sale added
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal to Rupert
Murdoch's news empire, which already included
Fox News
Fox News Channel,
financial network unit and London's The Times, and locally within New
York, the New York Post, along with Fox flagship station
WNYW
WNYW (Channel
5) and
MyNetworkTV
MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR (Channel 9).[32]
On December 13, 2007, shareholders representing more than 60 percent
of Dow Jones's voting stock approved the company's acquisition by News
Corporation.[33]
In an editorial page column, publisher L. Gordon Crovitz said the
Bancrofts and News Corporation had agreed that the Journal's news
and opinion sections would preserve their editorial independence from
their new corporate parent:[34]
A special committee was established to oversee the paper's editorial
integrity. When the managing editor
Marcus Brauchli
Marcus Brauchli resigned on April
22, 2008, the committee said that News Corporation had violated its
agreement by not notifying the committee earlier. However, Brauchli
said he believed that new owners should appoint their own
editor.[35]
A 2007 Journal article quoted charges that Murdoch had made and broken
similar promises in the past. One large shareholder commented that
Murdoch has long "expressed his personal, political and business
biases through his newspapers and television stations". Former Times
assistant editor Fred Emery remembers an incident when "Mr. Murdoch
called him into his office in March 1982 and said he was considering
firing Times editor Harold Evans. Mr. Emery says he reminded Mr.
Murdoch of his promise that editors couldn't be fired without the
independent directors' approval.'God, you don't take all that
seriously, do you?' Mr. Murdoch answered, according to Mr. Emery."
Murdoch eventually forced out Evans.[36]
In 2011,
The Guardian
The Guardian found evidence that the Journal had artificially
inflated its European sales numbers, by paying Executive Learning
Partnership for purchasing 16% of European sales. These inflated sales
numbers then enabled the Journal to charge similarly inflated
advertising rates, as the advertisers would think that they reached
more readers than they actually did. In addition, the Journal agreed
to run "articles" featuring Executive Learning Partnership, presented
as news, but effectively advertising.[37] The case came to
light after a Belgian Wall Street Journal employee, Gert Van Mol,
informed Dow Jones CEO
Les Hinton about the questionable
practice.[38] As a result, the then Wall Street Journal Europe
CEO and Publisher Andrew Langhoff was fired after it was found out he
personally pressured journalists into covering one of the newspaper's
business partners involved in the issue.[39][40] Since
September 2011, all the online articles that resulted from the ethical
wrongdoing carry a Wall Street Journal disclaimer informing the
readers about the circumstances in which they were created.
The Journal, along with its parent Dow Jones & Company, was among
the businesses News Corporation spun off in 2013 as the new News Corp.
In November 2016, in an effort to cut costs, the Journal's
editor-in-chief, Gerard Baker, announced that layoffs and
consolidation to its sections would take place. In the memo, the new
format for the newspaper will have a "Business & Finance" section
that will combine its current "Business & Tech" and "Money &
Investing" sections. It will also include a new "Life & Arts"
section that will combine its current "Personal Journal" and "Arena"
sections. In addition, the current "Greater New York" coverage will be
reduced and will move into the main section of paper.[41]
Recent milestones[edit]
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WSJ Live became available on mobile devices in September
2011.[42]
WSJ Weekend, the weekend newspaper, expanded September 2010, with two
new sections: "Off Duty" and "Review".
"Greater New York", a stand-alone, full color section dedicated to the
New York metro area, launched April 2010.[43][44]
The Wall Street Journal's San Francisco Bay Area Edition, which
focuses on local news and events, launched on November 5, 2009,
appearing locally each Thursday in the print Journal and every day on
online at WSJ.com/SF.
WSJ Weekend, formerly called Saturday's Weekend Edition: September
2005.
Launch of Today's Journal, which included both the addition of
Personal Journal and color capacity to the Journal: April 2002.
Launch of
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Sunday: September 12, 1999. A
four-page print supplement of original investing news, market reports
and personal-finance advice that ran in the business sections of other
U.S. newspapers. WSJ Sunday circulation peaked in 2005 with 84
newspapers reaching nearly 11 million homes. The publication ceased on
February 7, 2015.[45]
Friday Journal, formerly called First Weekend Journal: March 20, 1998.
WSJ.com launched in April 1996.[46]
First three-section Journal: October 1988.
First two-section Journal: June 1980.
Features and operations[edit]
Since 1980, the Journal has been published in multiple sections. At
one time, The Journal's page count averaged as much as 96 pages an
issue,[citation needed] but with the industry-wide decline in
advertising, the Journal in 2009–10 more typically published about
50 to 60 pages per issue.
As of 2012[update],
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal had a global news
staff of around 2,000 journalists in
85 news bureaus across 51 countries.[47][48] As of
2012[update], it had 26 printing plants.[47]
Regularly scheduled sections are:
Section One – every day; corporate news, as well as political and
economic reporting and the opinion pages
Marketplace – Monday through Friday; coverage of health, technology,
media, and marketing industries (the second section was launched June
23, 1980)
Money and Investing – every day; covers and analyzes international
financial markets (the third section was launched October 3, 1988)
Personal Journal – published Tuesday through Thursday; covers
personal investments, careers and cultural pursuits (the section was
introduced April 9, 2002)
Off Duty – published Saturdays in WSJ Weekend; focuses on fashion,
food, design, travel and gear/tech. The section was launched September
25, 2010.
Review – published Saturdays in WSJ Weekend; focuses on essays,
commentary, reviews and ideas. The section was launched September 25,
2010.
Mansion – published Fridays; focuses on high-end real estate. The
section was launched October 5, 2012.
WSJ Magazine – Launched in 2008 as a quarterly, this luxury magazine
supplement distributed within the U.S., European and Asian editions of
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal grew to 12 issues per year in 2014.
In addition, several columnists contribute regular features to the
Journal opinion page and OpinionJournal.com:
Weekdays – Best of the Web Today[49] by James Freeman
Monday – Americas by Mary O'Grady
Wednesday – Business World by Holman W. Jenkins Jr
Thursday – Wonder Land by Daniel Henninger
Friday – Potomac Watch by Kimberley Strassel
Weekend Edition – Rule of Law, The Weekend Interview (variety of
authors), Declarations by Peggy Noonan
In addition to these regular opinion pieces, on Fridays the Journal
publishes a religion-themed op-ed, titled "Houses of Worship",
written by a different author each week. Authors range from the Dalai
Lama to cardinals.
WSJ.[edit]
Main article: WSJ.
WSJ.
WSJ. is The Wall Street Journal's luxury lifestyle magazine. Its
coverage spans art, fashion, entertainment, design, food,
architecture, travel and more. Kristina O'Neill is Editor in Chief and
Anthony Cenname is Publisher.
Launched as a quarterly in 2008, the magazine grew to 12 issues a year
for 2014.[50] The magazine is distributed within the U.S.
Weekend Edition of
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal newspaper (average paid
print circulation is +2.2 million*), the European and Asian editions,
and is available on WSJ.com. Each issue is also available throughout
the month in The Wall Street Journal's iPad app.
Penélope Cruz, Carmelo Anthony, Woody Allen, Scarlett Johansson,
Emilia Clarke, Daft Punk, and
Gisele Bündchen
Gisele Bündchen have all been featured
on the cover.
In 2012, the magazine launched its signature platform, The Innovator
Awards. An extension of the November Innovators issue, the awards
ceremony, held in
New York City
New York City at Museum of Modern Art, honors
visionaries across the fields of design, fashion, architecture,
humanitarianism, art and technology. The 2013 winners were: Alice
Waters (Humanitarianism);
Daft Punk
Daft Punk (Entertainment); David Adjaye
(Architecture); Do Ho Su (Art); Nick D'Aloisio (Technology); Pat
McGrath (Fashion); Thomas Woltz (Design).
In 2013,
Adweek
Adweek awarded WSJ.[51] "Hottest Lifestyle Magazine
of the Year" for its annual Hot List.
U.S. Circulation: Each issue of
WSJ.
WSJ. is inserted into the weekend
edition of The Wall Street Journal, whose average paid circulation for
the three months ending September 30, 2013 was 2,261,772 as reported
to the Alliance for Audited Media (AAM).
Editorial page and political stance[edit]
Further information:
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Editorial Board
The Journal won its first two Pulitzer Prizes for editorial writing in
1947 and 1953. Subsequent Pulitzer Prizes have been awarded for
editorial writing to
Robert L. Bartley in 1980 and
Joseph Rago in
2011; for criticism to
Manuela Hoelterhoff in 1983 and Joe Morgenstern
in 2005; and for commentary to
Vermont Royster in 1984,
Paul Gigot
Paul Gigot in
2000,
Dorothy Rabinowitz in 2001,
Bret Stephens
Bret Stephens in 2013, and Peggy
Noonan in 2017.
The Journal describes the history of its editorials:
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0;padding:0 40px .mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite
line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0 They
are united by the mantra "free markets and free people", the
principles, if you will, marked in the watershed year of 1776 by
Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's Wealth
of Nations. So over the past century and into the next, the Journal
stands for free trade and sound money; against confiscatory taxation
and the ukases of kings and other collectivists; and for individual
autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary
majorities. If these principles sound unexceptionable in theory,
applying them to current issues is often unfashionable and
controversial.[citation needed]
Its historical position was much the same. As former editor William H.
Grimes wrote in 1951:
On our editorial page we make no pretense of walking down the middle
of the road. Our comments and interpretations are made from a definite
point of view. We believe in the individual, in his wisdom and his
decency. We oppose all infringements on individual rights, whether
they stem from attempts at private monopoly, labor union monopoly or
from an overgrowing government. People will say we are conservative or
even reactionary. We are not much interested in labels but if we were
to choose one, we would say we are radical. Just as radical as the
Christian doctrine.[52]
Each Thanksgiving the editorial page prints two articles that have
appeared there since 1961. The first is titled The Desolate
Wilderness, and describes what the Pilgrims saw when they arrived at
the Plymouth Colony. The second is titled And the Fair Land, and
describes the bounty of America. It was written by a former editor,
Vermont C. Royster, whose Christmas article In Hoc Anno Domini has
appeared every December 25 since 1949.[citation needed]
Two summaries published in 1995 by the progressive blog Fairness and
Accuracy in Reporting, and in 1996 by the Columbia Journalism
Review[53] criticized the Journal's editorial page for
inaccuracy during the 1980s and 1990s.
Economic views[edit]
During the Reagan administration, the newspaper's editorial page was
particularly influential as the leading voice for supply-side
economics. Under the editorship of Robert Bartley, it expounded at
length on economic concepts such as the Laffer curve, and how a
decrease in certain marginal tax rates and the capital gains tax could
allegedly increase overall tax revenue by generating more economic
activity.[citation needed]
In the economic argument of exchange rate regimes (one of the most
divisive issues among economists), the Journal has a tendency to
support fixed exchange rates over floating exchange rates. For
example, the Journal was a major supporter of the Chinese yuan's peg
to the dollar, and strongly disagreed with American politicians who
criticized the Chinese government about the peg. It opposed China's
move to let the yuan gradually float, arguing that the fixed rate
benefited both the United States and China.[citation needed]
The Journal's views compare with those of the British publication
The Economist, with its emphasis on free markets[citation
needed]. However, the Journal demonstrates important distinctions
from European business newspapers, most particularly in regard to the
relative significance of, and causes of, the American budget deficit.
(The Journal generally points to the lack of foreign growth, while
business journals in Europe and Asia blame the low savings rate and
concordant high borrowing rate in the United States).
On September 12, 2018, the
Census Bureau
Census Bureau released data showing
improvement in household income and the poverty rate during 2017,
Trump's first year in office.[54] The Journal published an
editorial that day attributing the improvement to Trump's purportedly
superior economic policies, compared to Obama's.[55] However,
The Journal's news division reported that both figures also showed
improvement in 2015 and 2016,[56] and they improved to a
greater degree in both those years than they did in
2017.[57][58]
Political stance[edit]
Mark Rutte, prime minister of the Netherlands, being interviewed by
the Journal
The Journal's editorial pages and columns, run separately from the
news pages, have a conservative bent and are highly influential in
American conservative circles.[59] As editors of the editorial
page,
Vermont C. Royster (served 1958–1971) and Robert L. Bartley
(served 1972–2000) were especially influential in providing a
conservative interpretation of the news on a daily basis.[60]
Some of the Journal's former reporters claim that the paper has
adopted a more conservative tone since Rupert Murdoch's
purchase.[61]
The editorial board has long argued for a pro-business immigration
policy. In a July 3, 1984, editorial, the board wrote: "If Washington
still wants to 'do something' about immigration, we propose a
five-word constitutional amendment: There shall be open borders." This
stand on immigration reform places the Journal in contrast to most
conservative activists, politicians, and media publications, such as
National Review
National Review and The Washington Times, who favor heightened
restrictions on immigration.[62]
The Journal's editorial page has been seen as critical of many
aspects of Barack Obama's presidency. In particular, it has been a
prominent critic of the Affordable Care Act legislation passed in
2010, and has featured many opinion columns attacking various aspects
of the bill.[63] The Journal's editorial page has also
criticized the Obama administration's energy policies and foreign
policy.[64][65][66]
On October 25, 2017, the editorial board called for
Special
Special Counsel
Robert Mueller
Robert Mueller to resign from the investigation into Russian
interference in the 2016 United States elections and accused Hillary
Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign of colluding with
Russia.[67] In December 2017, the editorial board repeated its
calls for Mueller's resignation.[68][69] The
editorials by the editorial board caused fractures within the Wall
Street Journal, as reporters say that the editorials undermine the
paper's credibility.[68][69][70]
Science[edit]
The Journal editorial board has promoted fringe views on scientific
matters, including climate change, acid rain, and ozone depletion, as
well as on the health harms of second-hand smoke, pesticides and
asbestos. Scholars have drawn similarities between the Journal's
fringe coverage of climate change and how it used to reject the
settled science on acid rain and ozone depletion.[8]
Climate change denial[edit]
The editorial board of
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal rejects the scientific
consensus on climate change. The Journal disputes that it poses a
major threat to human existence and can be prevented through public
policy. The Journal has published articles disputing that global
warming is occurring at all. The Journal is regarded as a forum for
climate change skeptics,[71][72] publishing articles
by individuals skeptical of the consensus position on climate change
in its op-ed section.[73][74][75] These
columns frequently attack climate scientists and accuse them of
engaging in fraud. A 2015 study found
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal was the
newspaper that was least likely to present negative effects of global
warming among several newspapers. It was also the most likely to
present negative economic framing when discussing climate change
mitigation policies, tending to take the stance that the cost of such
policies generally outweighs their benefit.[76] The Washington
Post has characterized the Wall Street Journal’s editorial pages as
"the beating heart of climate-change skepticism."[77]
Climate Feedback, a fact-checking website on media coverage of climate
science, has assessed that multiple opinion articles range between
"low" and "very low" in terms of scientific credibility.[78]
The Journal has been accused of refusing to publish opinions of
scientists which present the mainstream view on climate
change.[79] According to a 2016 analysis, 14% of the guest
editorials presented the results of "mainstream climate science",
while the majority did not. Also, none of 201 editorials published in
the WSJ since 1997 have conceded that the burning of fossil fuels is
causing climate change.[80]
Other science coverage[edit]
In the 1980s and 1990s, the Journal published numerous columns
disputing and misrepresenting the science behind acid rain and the
scientific consensus behind the causes of ozone depletion and the
health harms of second-hand smoke, and opposed public policy efforts
to curb acid rain, ozone depletion and second-hand
smoke.[8][81][82] The Journal has also
published columns attacking efforts to control pesticides and
asbestos.[8] By the 2000s, the Journal editorial board
recognized that efforts to curb acid rain through cap-and-trade had
been successful.[81]
Bias in news pages[edit]
The Journal's editors stress the independence and impartiality of
their reporters.[34] According to
CNN
CNN in 2007, the Journal's
"newsroom staff has a reputation for non-partisan
reporting."[83]
In a 2004 study, Tim Groseclose and Jeff Milyo argue the Journal's
news pages have a pro-liberal bias because they more often quote
liberal think tanks. They calculated the ideological attitude of news
reports in 20 media outlets by counting the frequency they cited
particular think tanks and comparing that to the frequency that
legislators cited the same think tanks. They found that the news
reporting of The Journal was the most liberal (more liberal than NPR
or The New York Times). The study did not factor in
editorials.[84]
Mark Liberman criticized the model used to
calculate bias in the study and argued that the model unequally
affected liberals and conservatives and that "..the model starts with
a very peculiar assumption about the relationship between political
opinion and the choice of authorities to cite." [The authors assume
that] "think tank ideology [...] only matters to
liberals."[85]
The company's planned and eventual acquisition by News Corp in 2007
led to significant media criticism and discussion[86] about
whether the news pages would exhibit a rightward slant under Rupert
Murdoch. An August 1 editorial responded to the questions by asserting
that Murdoch intended to "maintain the values and integrity of the
Journal."[87]
Notable stories and Pulitzer Prizes[edit]
The Journal has won 37 Pulitzer Prizes in its history. Staff
journalists who led some of the newspaper's best-known coverage teams
have later published books that summarized and extended their
reporting.
1987:
RJR Nabisco
RJR Nabisco buyout[edit]
In 1987, a bidding war ensued between several financial firms for
tobacco and food giant RJR Nabisco. Bryan Burrough and John Helyar
documented the events in more than two dozen Journal articles.
Burrough and Helyar later used these articles as the basis of a
bestselling book, Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco,
which was turned into a film for HBO.[88]
1988: Insider trading[edit]
In the 1980s, then Journal reporter
James B. Stewart brought national
attention to the illegal practice of insider trading. He was awarded
the
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize in explanatory journalism in 1988, which he shared
with Daniel Hertzberg,[89] who went on to serve as the paper's
senior deputy managing editor before resigning in 2009. Stewart
expanded on this theme in his book, Den of Thieves.[citation
needed]
1997: AIDS treatment[edit]
David Sanford, a Page One features editor who was infected with
HIV
HIV in
1982 in a bathhouse, wrote a front-page personal account of how, with
the assistance of improved treatments for HIV, he went from planning
his death to planning his retirement.[90] He and six other
reporters wrote about the new treatments, political and economic
issues, and won the 1997
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting about
AIDS.[91]
2000: Enron[edit]
Jonathan Weil, a reporter at the Dallas bureau of The Wall Street
Journal, is credited with first breaking the story of financial abuses
at
Enron
Enron in September 2000.[92] Rebecca Smith and John R.
Emshwiller reported on the story regularly,[93] and wrote a
book, 24 Days.
2001: 9/11[edit]
The Journal claims to have sent the first news report, on the Dow
Jones wire, of a plane crashing into the World Trade Center on
September 11, 2001.[94] Its headquarters, at One World
Financial Center, was severely damaged by the collapse of the World
Trade Center just across the street.[95] Top editors worried
that they might miss publishing the first issue for the first time in
the paper's 112-year history. They relocated to a makeshift office at
an editor's home, while sending most of the staff to Dow Jones's South
Brunswick, N.J., corporate campus, where the paper had established
emergency editorial facilities soon after the 1993 World Trade Center
bombing. The paper was on the stands the next day, albeit in
scaled-down form. Perhaps the most compelling story in that day's
edition was a first-hand account of the Twin Towers' collapse written
by then-Foreign Editor John Bussey,[95] who holed up in a
ninth-floor Journal office, literally in the shadow of the towers,
from where he phoned in live reports to
CNBC
CNBC as the towers burned. He
narrowly escaped serious injury when the first tower collapsed,
shattering all the windows in the Journal's offices and filling
them with dust and debris. The Journal won a 2002
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize in
Breaking News Reporting for that day's stories.[96]
The Journal subsequently conducted a worldwide investigation of the
causes and significance of 9/11, using contacts it had developed while
covering business in the Arab world. In Kabul, Afghanistan, a reporter
from
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal bought a pair of looted computers that Al
Qaeda leaders had used to plan assassinations, chemical and biological
attacks, and mundane daily activities. The encrypted files were
decrypted and translated.[97] It was during this coverage that
terrorists kidnapped and killed Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2007: Stock option scandal[edit]
In 2007, the paper won the
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, with its
iconic Gold Medal,[98] for exposing companies that illegally
backdate stock options they awarded executives to increase their
value.
2008:
Bear Stearns
Bear Stearns fall[edit]
Kate Kelly wrote a three-part series that detailed events that led to
the collapse of Bear Stearns.[99][100][101]
2010:
McDonald's
McDonald's health care[edit]
A report[102] published on September 30, 2010, detailing
allegations
McDonald's
McDonald's had plans to drop health coverage for hourly
employees drew criticism from
McDonald's
McDonald's as well as the Obama
administration.
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal reported the plan to drop
coverage stemmed from new health care requirements under the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act.
McDonald's
McDonald's called the report
"speculative and misleading", stating they had no plans to drop
coverage.[103]
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal report and subsequent
rebuttal received coverage from several other media
outlets.[104][105][106]
2015: Malaysia Prime Minister
Najib Razak
Najib Razak and 1MDB[edit]
In 2015, a report[107] published by the Journal alleged that
up to US$700 million was wired from 1MDB, a Malaysian state investment
company, to the personal accounts of Malaysia Prime Minister Najib
Razak at AmBank, the fifth largest lender in Malaysia. Razak responded
by threatening to sue the New York-based newspaper.
The report prompted some governmental agencies in Malaysia to conduct
an investigation into the allegation.
2015–present:
Theranos
Theranos investigation[edit]
In 2015, a report written by the Journal's
John Carreyrou alleged
that blood testing company Theranos' technology was faulty and founder
Elizabeth Holmes
.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_Holmes_2014_(cropped).jpg)
Elizabeth Holmes was misleading
investors.[108][109][110] According to Vanity
Fair, "a damning report published in
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal had
alleged that the company was, in effect, a sham—that its vaunted
core technology was actually faulty and that
Theranos
Theranos administered
almost all of its blood tests using competitors'
equipment."[109] The Journal has subsequently published
several more reports questioning Theranos' and Holmes'
credibility.[111][112] On June 15, 2018, the U.S.
Attorney for the Northern District of California announced the
indictment of Holmes on wire fraud and conspiracy charges in relation
to her role as CEO of Theranos.[113]
Elizabeth Holmes
Elizabeth Holmes asked
Rupert Murdoch
Rupert Murdoch —- who at the time was a major
investor in
Theranos
Theranos and owner of the Journal — to "personally kill"
an investigative piece being written about Theranos. Murdoch refused,
instead stating that he "had confidence in editors to handle the truth
- whatever it may be". Murdoch went on to lose approximately $100
million in his investments in Theranos. [114]
2018–present: Investigation into
Stormy Daniels
Stormy Daniels payment[edit]
On January 12, 2018, Michael Rothfeld and Joe Palazzolo reported in
the Wall Street Journal that during the 2016 presidential campaign,
then-candidate Donald Trump's personal lawyer, Michael Cohen
coordinated a $130,000 payment to
Stormy Daniels
Stormy Daniels for her silence
regarding an alleged affair. In subsequent reports, the method of
payment and many other details were extensively covered. In April of
that year, FBI agents stormed the home of Michael Cohen seizing
records related to the transaction.[115] In August 21, 2018,
Cohen pleaded guilty to eight counts including campaign finance
violations in connection with the Daniels payment.[116] The
coverage earned them the 2019
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize for National
Reporting.[117]
See also[edit]
New York City
New York City portal
The Economic Times
Far Eastern Economic Review
Index of Economic Freedom – an annual report published by the
Journal together with The Heritage Foundation
Journal Editorial Report, the weekly
Fox News Channel
Fox News Channel series featuring
WSJ editorial writers and board members
Lucky duckies
Media in New York City
On the Money (2013 TV series)
.jpg/440px-Secretary_of_Labor_CNBC_Interview_(9578604382).jpg)
On the Money (2013 TV series) – the current title of a CNBC-produced
program known as
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Report from 1970 until the
CNBC/Dow Jones split in January 2013.
Other Wall Street Journal editions
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Asia
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal Europe
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal
Special
Special Editions
Wall Street Journal Radio Network
Worth Bingham Prize
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2019..mw-parser-output cite.citation font-style:inherit
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Theranos
Theranos investment e". The
Guardian. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
^ "Timeline of the Donald Trump-
Stormy Daniels
Stormy Daniels Saga". Wall Street
Journal. May 3, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
^ Mangan, Dan (December 12, 2018). "Trump's ex-lawyer and fixer
Michael Cohen sentenced to 3 years in prison after admitting 'blind
loyalty' led him to cover up president's 'dirty deeds'". CNBC.
Retrieved April 8, 2019.
^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (April 16, 2019). "Pulitzer Prizes Focus on
Coverage of Trump Finances and Parkland Shooting". New York Times.
Retrieved April 16, 2019.
Further reading[edit]
Dealy, Francis X. The power and the money: Inside the Wall Street
Journal (Birch Lane Press, 1993).
Douai, Aziz, and Terry Wu. "News as business: the global financial
crisis and Occupy movement in the Wall Street Journal." Journal of
International Communication 20.2 (2014): 148-167.
Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies:
profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp 338–41
Rosenberg, Jerry M. Inside the Wall Street Journal: The History and
the Power of Dow Jones & Company and America's Most Influential
Newspaper (1982) online
Sakurai, Takuya. "Framing a Trade Policy: An Analysis of The Wall
Street Journal Coverage of Super 301." Intercultural Communication
Studies 24.3 (2015). online
Steinbock, Dan. "Building dynamic capabilities: The Wall Street
Journal interactive edition: A successful online subscription model
(1993–2000)." International Journal on Media Management 2.3-4
(2000): 178-194.
Yarrow, Andrew L. "The big postwar story: Abundance and the rise of
economic journalism." Journalism History 32.2 (2006): 58+ online
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