''Terminalia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of large trees of the

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

family

Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in ca 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, ''Combret ...

, comprising nearly 300

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

distributed in tropical regions of the world. The genus name derives from the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

word ''terminus'', referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.

Selected species

Harra (Terminalia chebula) hanging fruit at 23 Mile, Duars, WB W IMG 5902

A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0494

Terminalia muelleri leaves in Talakona, AP W IMG 8296

There are 282 accepted ''Terminalia'' species as of April 2021 according to Plants of the World Online. Selected species include: *'' Terminalia acuminata'' (Fr. Allem.) Eichl. *'' Terminalia albida'' Scott-Elliot *''

Terminalia amazonia ''Terminalia amazonia'' is a species of tree in the Combretaceae family. It is native to North America and South America and has been used for commercial logging. The wood is hard and durable. In Belize, ''Terminalia amazonia'' is widely located ...

'' (J.F.Gmel.) Exell – white olive *''

Terminalia arbuscula ''Terminalia arbuscula'', also called white olive, is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss. References arbuscula Arbuscula ( lat, Arbuscŭla; d. between 54 and 35 BCE) wa ...

'' Sw. *''

Terminalia archipelagi ''Terminalia archipelagi'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, within Papua New Guinea. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss ...

'' Coode *''

Terminalia arjuna ''Terminalia arjuna'' is a tree of the genus '' Terminalia''. It is commonly known as arjuna or arjun tree in English. Description ''T. arjuna'' grows to about 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms a wide canopy at t ...

'' (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. – arjuna, koha, white marudah *''

Terminalia arostrata ''Terminalia arostrata'', commonly known as crocodile tree or nutwood, is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern parts of Australia. The tree typically grows to a height of in height and deciduous to semi-deciduous. It blooms ...

'' Ewart & O.B.Davies – crocodile tree *'' Terminalia australis'' Cambess – palo amarillo, tanimbú *''

Terminalia avicennioides ''Terminalia avicennioides'' ( bm, Wolobugun) is a tree species in the genus '' Terminalia'' found in West Africa. Castalagin and flavogallonic acid dilactoneThe use of microfluorometric method for activity-guided isolation of antiplasmodial co ...

'' *''

Terminalia bellirica ''Terminalia bellirica'', known as baheda, bahera, behada, beleric or bastard myrobalan (Arabic: beliledj بليلج, borrowed from Middle Persian Balilag), Persian بلیله (Balileh), Sanskrit: Bibhitaka बिभीतक, Aksha is a large ...

'' (Gaertn.) Roxb. – beleric *''

Terminalia bialata Terminalia may refer to: * Terminalia (festival), a Roman festival to the god of boundaries Terminus * ''Terminalia'' (plant), a tree genus * Terminalia (insect anatomy), the terminal region of the abdomen in insects * ''Polyscias terminalia ' ...

'' (Roxb.) Steud. – Indian silver greywood, silver greywood *''

Terminalia buceras ''Terminalia buceras'' is a tree in the Combretaceae family. It is known by a variety of names in English, including bullet tree, black olive tree, gregorywood (or gregory wood), Antigua whitewood, and oxhorn bucida. It is native to Mexico, Cent ...

'' *''

Terminalia bucidoides ''Terminalia bucidoides'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is found in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), ...

'' Standley & L.O.Williams *'' Terminalia bursarina'' – Bendee *'' Terminalia calamansanai'' (Blanco) Rolfe *''

Terminalia cambodiana ''Terminalia cambodiana'' is a species of tree in the family Combretaceae, growing some 6–15 m tall with whitish-grey, exfoliating bark and large greenish branches. It is found in flooded forest communities of Cambodia and southern Vie ...

'' Gagnep. *''

Terminalia canescens ''Terminalia canescens'', commonly known as joolal, winged nut tree, or wingnut, and also known by its Aboriginal name djilanydjin in north-western Australia, is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern parts of Australia. Descr ...

'' (DC.) Radlk. – jalool *'' Terminalia carolinensis'' Kaneh. *''

Terminalia catappa ''Terminalia catappa'' is a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae, native to Asia, Australia, the Pacific, Madagascar and Seychelles. Common names in English include country almond, Indian almond, Malabar almond, sea almon ...

'' L. – Indian almond, tropical almond, umbrella tree *'' Terminalia chebula'' Retz. – black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, inknut *''

Terminalia cherrieri ''Terminalia cherrieri'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a nat ...

'' McKee *''

Terminalia circumalata ''Terminalia circumalata'', is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae''. It is endemic to Western Australia. It is found in the Pilbara The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known fo ...

'' F.Muell. *'' Terminalia cunninghamii'' C.A.Gardner – Pindan quondong *'' Terminalia eddowesii'' Coode *''

Terminalia engleri Terminalia may refer to: * Terminalia (festival), a Roman festival to the god of boundaries Terminus * ''Terminalia'' (plant), a tree genus * Terminalia (insect anatomy), the terminal region of the abdomen in insects * ''Polyscias terminalia ' ...

'' Gere & Boatwr. – terenifù (West Africa to

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

) *''

Terminalia elliptica ''Terminalia elliptica'' is a species of '' Terminalia'' native to southern and southeast Asia in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.Sal and Saaj Deforestation in West Nepal"Terminalia Tomentosa"/ref> It is a ...

'' Willd. – Indian-laurel *'' Terminalia eriostachya'' A.Rich. *''

Terminalia ferdinandiana ''Terminalia ferdinandiana'', most commonly known as the Kakadu plum and also called the gubinge, billygoat plum, green plum, salty plum, murunga, mador and other names, is a flowering plant in the family Combretaceae, native to Australia, wid ...

'' Exell – billygoat plum, Kakadu plum, gubinge *''

Terminalia fitzgeraldii ''Terminalia fitzgeraldii'' is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to Western Australia. The tree typically grows to a height of in height but can reach up to and is deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term '' ...

'' C.A.Gardner *''

Terminalia grandiflora ''Terminalia grandiflora'', commonly known as yalu, plumwood or nutwood, is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern Australia. The Nungali and Jaru peoples know the tree as badgari and the Wagiman know it as barnyin. The weep ...

'' Benth. *''

Terminalia hadleyana ''Terminalia hadleyana'' is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern Australia. The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of in height but can reach up to and is deciduous. It blooms between October and December producing ...

'' W.Fitzg. *''

Terminalia ivorensis ''Terminalia ivorensis'' is a species of tree in the family Combretaceae, and is known by the common names of Ivory Coast almond, idigbo, black afara, framire and emeri. Description ''Terminalia ivorensis'' is found in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gh ...

'' A.Chev. – idigbo, black afara, blackbark, brimstone wood, shingle wood *''

Terminalia januariensis ''Terminalia januariensis'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states of southeastern Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destr ...

'' DC. *''

Terminalia kaernbachii Terminalia may refer to: * Terminalia (festival), a Roman festival to the god of boundaries Terminus * ''Terminalia'' (plant), a tree genus * Terminalia (insect anatomy), the terminal region of the abdomen in insects * ''Polyscias terminalia ' ...

'' Warb. – okari nut *'' Terminalia kangeanensis'' Slooten *'' Terminalia kuhlmannii'' Alwan & Stace *''

Terminalia kumpaja ''Terminalia kumpaja'' is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern Australia. It is found in a few isolated areas along the coast in the Kimberley and Pilbara The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in th ...

'' R.L.Barrett *'' Terminalia latifolia'' Sw. *''

Terminalia latipes ''Terminalia latipes'' is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas ...

'' Benth. *''

Terminalia littoralis ''Terminalia littoralis'' is a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae. It grows to tall, with an upright, symmetrical crown and horizontal branches, growing in the coast, valuated by its timber. It grows on exposed coast ...

'' L. *'' Terminalia macroptera'' Guill. & Perr. *'' Terminalia microcarpa'' Decne. *'' Terminalia myriocarpa'' *'' Terminalia neotaliala'' – Madagascar almond tree *''

Terminalia nigrovenulosa ''Terminalia nigrovenulosa '' is a species of tree in the family Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shr ...

'' Pierre *''

Terminalia nitens ''Terminalia nitens'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is found in Japan and the Philippines. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which ...

'' C.Presl *''

Terminalia novocaledonica ''Terminalia novocaledonica'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location ...

'' Däniker *'' Terminalia oblongata'' F.Muell. *'' Terminalia paniculata'' Roth *''

Terminalia parviflora ''Terminalia parviflora'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-s ...

'' Thwaites *'' Terminalia pellucida'' C.Presl *''

Terminalia petiolaris ''Terminalia petiolaris'', commonly known as blackberry tree or billygoat plum, or ''marool'' in the local Bardi language, is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to the coast of the Kimberley region of northern Western ...

Benth. – ''marool'' *''

Terminalia phillyreifolia ''Terminalia phillyreifolia'' is an Asian species of tree in the family Combretaceae. It has been called buttontree or yon (from ; IPA: ). It is a medium-sized tree found in both primary and secondary tropical and sub-tropical forests. It is reco ...

'' (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Gere & Boatwr. *'' Terminalia platyphylla'' F.Muell. *''

Terminalia platyptera ''Terminalia platyptera'' is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern Australia. The tree typically grows to a height of in height and is deciduous. It blooms in October producing white-cream flowers. It is in the Kimberley (We ...

'' F.Muell. *'' Terminalia porphyrocarpa'' *''

Terminalia reitzii ''Terminalia reitzii'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habit ...

'' Excell *''

Terminalia rerei ''Terminalia rerei'' is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a na ...

'' Coode *'' Terminalia richii'' A.Gray *''

Terminalia schimperiana ''Terminalia schimperiana'' is a species of '' Terminalia'', native to tropical Africa from Guinea and Sierra Leone east to Uganda and Ethiopia.African Plants Database''Terminalia schimperiana'' Growth It is a broadleaved small tree that can rea ...

'' Hochst. *'' Terminalia sericea'' Burch. ex DC. – silver terminalia *''

Terminalia superba ''Terminalia superba'', the superb terminalia, limba, or afara (UK), korina (US), frake (Africa), African limba wood, ofram (Ghana), is a large tree in the family Combretaceae, native to tropical western Africa. It grows up to 60 m tall, with a ...

'' Engl. & Diels – limba *'' Terminalia volucris'' Benth.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1469349 Myrtales genera Medicinal plants