Polarization or polarisation may refer to:
Mathematics
*Polarization of an
Abelian variety, in the mathematics of complex manifolds
*
Polarization of an algebraic form
In mathematics, in particular in algebra, polarization is a technique for expressing a homogeneous polynomial in a simpler fashion by adjoining more variables. Specifically, given a homogeneous polynomial, polarization produces a unique symmetri ...
, a technique for expressing a homogeneous polynomial in a simpler fashion by adjoining more variables
*
Polarization identity, expresses an inner product in terms of its associated norm
*
Polarization (Lie algebra)
Physical sciences
*
Polarization (waves)
Polarization ( also polarisation) is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. In a transverse wave, the direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of motion of t ...
, the ability of waves to oscillate in more than one direction, in particular polarization of light, responsible for example for the glare-reducing effect of polarized sunglasses
**
Polarization (antenna)
In radio engineering, an antenna or aerial is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an ...
, the state of polarization (in the above sense) of electromagnetic waves transmitted by or received by a radio antenna
*
Dielectric polarization
In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an electrical insulator that can be polarised by an applied electric field. When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the mater ...
, charge separation in insulating materials:
**
Polarization density
In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. When a dielectric is ...
, volume dielectric polarization
**
Dipolar polarization, orientation of permanent dipoles
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Ionic polarization, displacement of ions in a crystal
**
Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization, slow long-distance charge separation in dielectric spectroscopy on inhomogeneous soft matter
*
Polarization (electrochemistry) In electrochemistry, polarization is a collective term for certain mechanical side-effects (of an electrochemical process) by which isolating barriers develop at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. These side-effects influence the rea ...
, a change in the equilibrium potential of an electrochemical reaction
*
Concentration polarization Concentration polarization is a term used in the scientific fields of electrochemistry and membrane science.
In electrochemistry
In electrochemistry, concentration polarization denotes the part of the polarization of an electrolytic cell resultin ...
, the shift of the electrochemical potential difference across an electrochemical cell from its equilibrium value
*
Spin polarization
Spin polarization is the degree to which the spin, i.e., the intrinsic angular momentum of elementary particles, is aligned with a given direction. This property may pertain to the spin, hence to the magnetic moment, of conduction electrons in fer ...
, the degree by which the spin of elementary particles is aligned to a given direction
*
Polarizability
Polarizability usually refers to the tendency of matter, when subjected to an electric field, to acquire an electric dipole moment in proportion to that applied field. It is a property of all matter, considering that matter is made up of elementar ...
, an electrical property of atoms or molecules and a separate magnetic property of subatomic particles
**
Polarization function, a feature of some molecular modelling methods
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Photon polarization
Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. An individual photon
can be described as having right or left circular polarization, or a superposition of the two. Equ ...
, the mathematical link between wave polarization and spin polarization
*
Vacuum polarization
In quantum field theory, and specifically quantum electrodynamics, vacuum polarization describes a process in which a background electromagnetic field produces virtual electron–positron pairs that change the distribution of charges and curr ...
, a process in which a background electromagnetic field produces virtual electron-positron pairs
Social sciences
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Polarization (economics), faster decrease of moderate-skill jobs relative to low-skill and high-skill jobs
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Political polarization
Political polarization (spelled ''polarisation'' in British English) is the divergence of political attitudes away from the center, towards ideological extremes.
Most discussions of polarization in political science consider polarization in the ...
, when public opinion divides and becomes oppositional
*
Social polarization
Social polarization is the segregation within a society that emerges when factors such as income inequality, real-estate fluctuations and economic displacement result in the differentiation of social groups from high-income to low-income. It is a ...
, segregation of society into social groups, from high-income to low-income
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Group polarization
In social psychology, group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These more extreme decisions are towards greater risk if individuals' initial tendenci ...
, tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than individuals' initial inclinations
**
Attitude polarization
In social psychology, group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These more extreme decisions are towards greater risk if individuals' initial tendenci ...
, when disagreement becomes more extreme as different parties consider evidence
*
Racial polarization
Racial polarization is the process whereby a population of individuals with different ancestry is divided into separate and distinct racial groups.
Bermuda
In Bermuda, around 55% of the population is identified as black, followed by 34% white (fu ...
, when a population with varying ancestry is divided into distinct racial groups
Others
*
''Polarization'' (album), an album by American jazz trombonist and composer Julian Priester
*Polarization, in many disciplines, is a tendency to be located close to one of the opposite ends of a
continuum
See also
*
Polar (disambiguation)
Polar may refer to:
Geography
Polar may refer to:
* Geographical pole, either of two fixed points on the surface of a rotating body or planet, at 90 degrees from the equator, based on the axis around which a body rotates
*Polar climate, the cli ...
*
Polar opposite (disambiguation)
A polar opposite is the diametrically opposite point of a circle or sphere. It is mathematically known as an antipodal point, or antipode when referring to the Earth. It is also an idiom often used to describe people and ideas that are opposites.
...
*
Polarity (disambiguation)
Polarity may refer to:
Science
*Electrical polarity, direction of electrical current
*Polarity (mutual inductance), the relationship between components such as transformer windings
* Polarity (projective geometry), in mathematics, a duality of ord ...
*
Pole (disambiguation)
Pole may refer to:
Astronomy
*Celestial pole, the projection of the planet Earth's axis of rotation onto the celestial sphere; also applies to the axis of rotation of other planets
*Pole star, a visible star that is approximately aligned with the ...
*
Reversal (disambiguation)
Reversal may refer to:
* Medical reversal, when a medical intervention falls out of use after improved clinical trials demonstrate its ineffectiveness or harmfulness.
* Reversal (law), the setting aside of a decision of a lower court by a higher c ...
{{Disambiguation