''Taphrina'' is a
fungal
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ...
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
within the
Ascomycota that causes leaf and
catkin curl diseases and
witch's broom
Witch's broom or witches' broom is a deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed. A dense mass of shoots grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a broom or a ...
s of certain flowering plants. One of the more commonly observed species causes peach
leaf curl. ''Taphrina'' typically grow as
yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constit ...
s during one phase of their
life cycles, then infect plant tissues in which typical
hyphae are formed, and ultimately they form a naked layer of
asci on the deformed, often brightly pigmented surfaces of their hosts. No discrete fruit body is formed outside of the
gall-like or blister-like tissues of the hosts. The asci form a layer lacking
paraphyses, and they lack
croziers. The
ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or ...
s frequently bud into multiple yeast cells within the asci. Phylogenetically, ''Taphrina'' is a member of a
basal group within the Ascomycota, and type genus for the subphylum
Taphrinomycotina
The Taphrinomycotina are one of three subdivisions constituting the Ascomycota (fungi that form their spores in a sac-like ascus) and is more or less synonymous with the slightly older invalid name Archiascomycetes (sometimes spelled Archaeasc ...
, the class
Taphrinomycetes
The Taphrinomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi belonging to the subdivision Taphrinomycotina. It includes the single order Taphrinales, which includes 2 families, 8 genera and 140 species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of ...
, and order
Taphrinales.
Species
* ''
Taphrina alni'' (Berk. & Broome) Gjaerum
* ''
Taphrina aurea'' (Pers.) Fr.
* ''
Taphrina betulina'' Rostr.
* ''
Taphrina bullata'' (Berkeley) Tulasne
* ''
Taphrina caerulescens'' (Desmaz. & Mont.) Tul.
* ''
Taphrina coryli''
* ''
Taphrina deformans'' (Berk.) Tul.
* ''
Taphrina entomospora'' Thaxter
* ''
Taphrina faulliana'' Mix
* ''
Taphrina filicina'' Rostr.
* ''
Taphrina hiratsukae'' Nishida
* ''
Taphrina johansonii'' Sadebeck
* ''
Taphrina maculans'' Butler
* ''
Taphrina padi'' (Jacz.) Mix
* ''
Taphrina piri''
* ''
Taphrina polystichi
''Taphrina polystichi'' is an ascomycete fungus that parasitizes Christmas fern (''Polystichum acrostichoides'') in eastern North America. It was described by A. J. Mix in 1938.
Taxonomy
''Taphrina polystichi'' was described in A. J. Mix in 193 ...
'' Mix
* ''
Taphrina populina'' (Fr. ex Fr.) Fr.
* ''
Taphrina potentillae'' (Farl.) Johans.
* ''
Taphrina pruni
''Taphrina pruni'' is a fungal plant pathogen of blackthorn (''Prunus spinosa'') that causes the pocket or bladder plum gall, a chemically induced distortion of the fruit (sloes), producing swollen on one side, otherwise deformed and flattened fr ...
'' Tul.
* ''
Taphrina sadebeckii'' Johans.
* ''
Taphrina tosquinetii'' (WestendD.) Magnus
* ''
Taphrina ulmi'' (Fuckel) Johans.
* ''
Taphrina wiesneri'' (Rathay) Mix
Footnotes
References
Broad leaf plant diseases in Canada (BC)- leaf spot example of TaphrinaThe Oregon Coalition of Interdisciplinary Databases: "Archiascomycetes: Early Diverging Ascomycetes"
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q141187
Taphrinomycetes
Ascomycota genera
Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
Taxa described in 1815