Taiwanese Hangul (

Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The let ...

: ; ) is an

orthography An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. Most transnational languages in the modern period have a writing system, and mos ...

system for

Taiwanese Hokkien Taiwanese Hokkien () (; Tâi-lô: ''Tâi-uân-uē''), also known as Taigi/Taigu (; Pe̍h-ōe-jī/Tâi-lô: ''Tâi-gí / Tâi-gú''), Taiwanese, Taiwanese Minnan, Hoklo and Holo, is a variety of the Hokkien language spoken natively by about 70% ...

(Taiwanese). Developed and promoted by

Taiwanese Taiwanese may refer to: * Taiwanese language, another name for Taiwanese Hokkien * Something from or related to Taiwan ( Formosa) * Taiwanese aborigines, the indigenous people of Taiwan * Han Taiwanese, the Han people of Taiwan * Taiwanese people, ...

linguist in 1987, it uses a modified Hangul alphabets to represent spoken Taiwanese, and was later supported by

Ang Ui-jin Ang Ui-jin (; born 16 June 1946) is a Taiwanese linguist. He was the chief architect of the Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet and remains a scholar in the progressive reform and development of Taiwanese Hokkien. Biography Ang Ui-jin obtained h ...

.台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編 Because both

Chinese characters Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as ''kanji' ...

and Hangul are both written in the space of square boxes, unlike letters of the Latin alphabet, the use of Chinese-Hangul mixed writing is able to keep the spacing between the two scripts more consistent compared to Chinese-Latin mixed writing.

Letters

Initials

Vowels

Coda endings

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Bilabial In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a labial consonant articulated with both lips. Frequency Bilabial consonants are very common across languages. Only around 0.7% of the world's languages lack bilabial consonants altogether, including Tli ...

Alveolar Alveolus (; pl. alveoli, adj. alveolar) is a general anatomical term for a concave cavity or pit. Uses in anatomy and zoology * Pulmonary alveolus, an air sac in the lungs ** Alveolar cell or pneumocyte ** Alveolar duct ** Alveolar macrophage * ...

Velar Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum). Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive a ...

!! Glottal , -align=center !

Nasal consonant In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majorit ...

, ᄆ
ㆬ (-m) , ᄂ
ㄣ (-n) , ㅇ
ㆭ (-ng) , , -align=center !

Stop consonant In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade (, ), tongue body (, ), lips ...

, ᄇ
ㆴ (-p) , ᄃ
ㆵ (-t) , ᄀ
ㆶ (-k) , ᄒ
ㆷ (-h)

Tone markings

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! Latin

diacritics A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacritic ...

!Chinese

tone name In tonal languages, tone names are the names given to the tones these languages use. *In contemporary standard Chinese (Mandarin), the tones are numbered from 1 to 4. They are descended from but not identical to the historical four tones of Midd ...

!Examples
Hangul/Latin/

Hanzi Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as ''kanji' ...

(Listen 🔊)
''meaning'' , - , 1 , ᄋ , absent , (yinping)
''dark level'' , 카_ᄋ// 🔊
/small>
''foot; leg'' , - , 2 , ᄅ , ◌́ , ()/ (yinshang)
''rising'' / ''dark rising'' , 쥐_ㄹ// 🔊
/small>
''water'' , - , 3 , ᄂ , ◌̀ , (yinqu)
''dark departing'' , 갈_ㄴ// 🔊
/small>
''arrive'' , - , 4 , ᄋ , absent , (yinru)
''dark entering'' , 빻_ㅇ/bah/ 🔊
/small>
''meat'' , - , 5 , ᄉ , ◌̂ , (yangping)
''light level'' , 옹_ㅅ// 🔊
/small>
''king'' , - , (6)
''appears only in

Lukang Lukang, formerly romanized as Lugang and also known by other names, is an urban township in northwestern Changhua County, Taiwan. The township is on the west coast of Taiwan, facing the Taiwan Strait. Lukang was an important sea port in the 18t ...

dialect;
merged to 7 in the prestige dialect , not devised , ◌̆ , (yangshang)
''light rising'' , []/ (''Lukang'')/
''violate / commit (a crime)'' , - , 7 , ᄀ , Macron (diacritic), ◌̄ , (yangqu)
''light departing'' , 환_ㄱ/ (''prestige'')/ 🔊
/small>
''violate / commit (a crime)'' , - , 8 , ᄇ , ̍
(overstroke/vertical line above) , (yangru)
''light entering'' , 쫳_ㅂ// 🔊
/small>
''hot'' , - , Continuous tone sandhi , ㅣ , absent , occurs when a character/syllable is
before another one in a phrase.
Rule of the prestige dialect:
5→7, 7→3, 3→2, 2→1, 1→7;
4→8, 8→4 , 대_시끼_ㄹ// 🔊
/small>
''Taiwanese language''

Different use of Hangul between Taiwanese and Korean

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Korean Korean may refer to: People and culture * Koreans, ethnic group originating in the Korean Peninsula * Korean cuisine * Korean culture * Korean language **Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl **Korean dialects and the Jeju language ** ...

!! Note , - ! ㅃ , , a

voiced consonant Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (otherwise known as ''unvoiced'') or voiced. The term, however, is used to refer ...

, , a

tense consonant In phonology, tenseness or tensing is, most broadly, the pronunciation of a sound with greater muscular effort or constriction than is typical. More specifically, tenseness is the pronunciation of a vowel with less centralization (i.e. either m ...

, , - ! ㄲ , , a voiced consonant , , a tense consonant , , - ! ㅉ , or , a voiced consonant , , a tense consonant , , - ! ㄸ , , , , as the

syllable onset A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants). Syllables are often considered the phonological "bu ...

such as 따 , - ! ㅎ , , a

glottal stop The glottal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents thi ...

, , as the

syllable coda A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of Phone (phonetics), speech sounds typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants). Syllables are often considered t ...

such as 앟 , - ! ㅅ , ,

vowel nasalization A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the soft palate (or velum) so that the air flow escapes through the nose and the mouth simultaneously, as in the French vowel or Amoy []. By contrast, oral vowels are produced wit ...

, , as the syllable coda such as 앗 , - ! ㅆ , /ⁿʔ/, a combination of ㅅ and ㅎ , or , as the syllable coda such as 았 , - ! ᅥ , or , , , - ! ᅩ , , , , - ! ㅐ , , , , - ! 알 , , , , - ! ㅡ , silent , , , - ! ㅢ , 읨, 읭 , , , ,

Examples

'' Matthew 6:1''

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Pe̍h-ōe-jī (; ; ), also sometimes known as the Church Romanization, is an orthography used to write variants of Southern Min Chinese, particularly Taiwanese and Amoy Hokkien. Developed by Western missionaries working among the Chinese diaspora in South ...

, - ! Chinese characters , 關係行善的教訓恁著謹慎，毋通為著欲予儂看，故意蹛儂的面前顯示恁的善行；
恁若按呢做，恁就袂當對天父得著報賞。 ! , , - ! Chinese-Hangul
mixed writing , 關係行善에教訓 린뎧謹慎，음탕為뎧뼇호儂看，故意돠儂에面前顯示린에善行；
린若안네做，린就뻬당뒤天父得뎧報賞。 ! Chinese-Latin
mixed writing , 關係行善ê教訓 Lín tio̍h謹慎，m̄-thang為tio̍h boeh hō͘儂看，故意toà儂ê面前顯示lín ê善行；
Lín若án-ne做，lín就bē-tàng tùi天父得tio̍h報賞。 , - ! Hangul , 관헤 형센 에 갈훈 린 뎧 긴신，음탕 위뎧 뼇 호 랑 쾃，고이 돠 랑 에 삔졍 헨시 린 에 센형；
린 나 안네 저，린 쥬 뻬당 뒤 텐후 딛뎧 버슛。 ! Romanization , Koan-he Hêng-siān ê Kàu-hùn Lín tio̍h kín-sīn, m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h boeh hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ, kò-ì toà lâng ê bīn-chêng hián-sī lín ê siān-hêng.
Lín nā án-ne chò, lín chiū bē-tàng tùi Thian-hū tit-tio̍h pò-siúⁿ.

References

External links

Taiwanese Hangul
{{Authority control Hangul Hokkien writing system Writing systems introduced in 1987